DRUG-ABUSE INMATES MAQASID SHARIAH QUALITY OF LIFE: A CONCEPTUAL PAPER

Purpose of the study: The primary aim of this study is to explore the feasibility of Maqasid Shariah Quality of Life (MSQoL) in the drug-abuse inmates’ research. MSQoL is a recent theory formulated in terms of quality of life. Therefore, MSQoL proceeds to examine the association of family social support and prison climate rehabilitation on quality of life among drug-abuse inmates. Methodology: This study conceptually focused on a comprehensive analysis of MSQoL, family social support, and prison climate rehabilitation among drug abuse inmates. Main Finding: Researchers propose a model of MSQoL from dimensions of religion and life. Also, this research aims to link both dimensions to family social support and prison climate rehabilitation. Applications of this study: This study will make practical contributions to the Malaysian Prison Department on aspects related to improving drug-abuse inmates’ quality of life on designing appropriate policies and strategies. Novelty/Originality of this study: The current research provides a theoretical framework for prospective researchers engaged in prison studies. Since the quality of life has become the government’s priorities under the 12 Malaysia Plan (2021-2025), the promotion of a new model is essential for a better quality of life of Malaysians.


INTRODUCTION
. Characterized as the values, experiences, happiness, living conditions, accomplishments, usability, and spirituality of cultural contexts (Fumincelli et al., 2017); happily within the environment (Kane, 2001); well-being, happiness, ethics, and fulfillment (Frank, 1980); and a beneficial consequence in life (Abrefa-Gyan et al., 2016). World Health Organization (WHO) stated that quality of life as the persons' perception of their position in life within the scope of their culture and value systems as well as their aims, aspirations, values, and concerns which include physical, psychological, and social well-being as the smallest element (Post, 2014).
Meanwhile, Mohamad, Karim, et al. (2017) defined quality of life as goodness in life and achievement in living as a Muslim. There is no mutually agreed concept of quality of life. Previous studies exposed that quality of life components play a crucial role in supporting effective prevention, treatment approaches, and policies for inmates' recovery (Ayobami Obadiora, 2018;Laudet, 2011;Preedy & Watson, 2010). The assessment of drug abuse inmates quality of life is essential as a mechanism to accommodate their needs (Mohamad et al., 2015). Improper methods will only provide unreliable, insufficient, and ineffective treatment approaches to heal drug abuse inmates (Mohamad et al., 2015). A current study narrowed down the concept by applying Maqasid Shariah Quality of Life (MSQoL) as mentioned in the Holy Quran, which is the primary source of guidance to all Muslims It is eminent that the quality of life of inmates is lower than the general public. Improved quality of life is associated with happiness. The government's priority under the 12 th Malaysia Plan (2021-2025) is to share a prosperity initiative encompassing one of three dimensions, namely social re-engineering, which comprises improving the well-being of all Malaysians (Ministry of Economic Affairs, 2019) also a better quality of life among drug abuse inmates. An appropriate prison climate and social support will engage inmates with positive impacts of quality of life (Mohamad, Karim, et  On the other hand, Eriksson et al., (2017) claimed that in most scenarios, the community wished inmates had constructive turns in prison, and thus, that could help them to contribute to a better country. Therefore a better quality of life of drug abuse inmates is vital as a mechanism to accommodate their needs (Mohamad et al., 2015). Thus, improving quality of life among drug-abuse inmates is essential which connected with social support from family (Armiya'u et al.

Underpinning Theory
In this regard, as mentioned previously, many applied researchers explaining the quality of life in many fields with various definitions, interpretations, and controversies. Thus The first principle is to protect religion, as humans need to put their religious interests first in their daily life. Second, preservation of life by preservation of the soul and assumes that life is a trust from the Almighty. Third, protect the mind by protecting it from things that will damage the mind, nurtured with positive values , and useful knowledge. The fourth protects the lineage in the social system of society by not doing the negative things that harm the offspring. Fifth, it protects the property from destruction, and the property is lawful (Saat et al., 2019). Nevertheless, there are only 11 articles linked to drug-abuse inmates while the other six articles been excluded due to similarities among those documents, and the materials are not accessible. As shown in Table 1, the researchers narrowed to review five specific documents that relevant. © Baharudin et al.

Application of statistical methods discussion
Based on preliminary studies, all research findings use the quantitative method from 2011-2020. Due to the results of Table  1

Sampling methods and measurement discussion
Most studies utilized some form of random selection by a probability sampling method based on simple random sampling for data collection, which focuses on the quality of life of drug-abuse inmates. Participants were required to answer all questions concerning their quality of life experience. The study indicates that the sample size is between 196 and 1,753 respondents through a direct questionnaire. Most research findings utilized Krejcie and Morgan's formula to measure the minimum sample size (Chua, 2006) rather than other latest methods that make sample sizes more efficient while using the empirical hybrid method.
This study also used a probability sampling method based on a simple random sample. This sampling occurs where the target population is homogeneous in terms of study interest (Awang, 2012a). The sampling frame for the current study is a list of all cases in the population from which the sample is drawn ( Table 2 below illustrates items that are related.
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews eISSN: 2395-6518, Vol 8, No 3, 2020, pp 1285-1294 https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.83131 Inmates here maintain a sense of purpose Family Social Support S1 My family really tries to help me S2 I get the emotional help and support I need from my family S3 I can talk about my problem with my family S4 My family is willing to help me make decisions All studies employed a 10-point rating scale of 1, "strongly disagree," to 10, "strongly agree." Current research also will use a 10-point rating scale because a sufficient questionnaire range for Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was to occur within an interval of 1 to 10 (Awang, 2012b). Rather than all studies mentioned, some previous studies also have used the 10-point SEM rating scale Negash et al., 2008). For the current research, MSQoL measurement was written in Bahasa Melayu since most of the drug-abuse inmates do not entirely understand English. The translation of MSQoL followed guidelines given involves processes of forwarding translation, back-to-back translation, and bilingual professional language (Jalaludin et al., 2013).

DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH MODEL
MSQoL represents a holistic approach (Dusuki & Abdullah, 2007)  In addition, the prison climate is an underlying terminology, which embraces social, emotional, organizational, and physical characteristics of a rehabilitative institution perceived by inmates and staff (Ross et al., 2008 H1: There is a significant effect between prison climate rehabilitation and MSQoL.
H2: There is a significant effect between family social support and MSQoL.
H3: There is a significant effect between prison climate rehabilitation and family social support.

Religion
Religion is a religious life, a part of human nature, regardless of race, gender, and age. A person may feel hollow and lose the dignity of life without a religion . In other words, without a strict commitment to religion, humanity could never reach a high degree of society. Hence, religion as guidance is in human nature, and Islam is the religion that can fulfill this natural human need that requires life guidance to save them from destruction . Relevant hypotheses based on the model suggested are: H1a: There is a significant effect between prison climate rehabilitation and religion.
H2a: There is a significant effect between family social support and religion.

Life
Life is an invaluable gift to humankind from the Almighty. A person must appreciate and protect life by avoiding harmful activities . The protection of life can be seen from fulfilling the essential needs of the individual in the aspect of physical, mental, moral, and social needs, as well as preventing anything life-threatening (Amin et al., 2015). Three critical aspects of life-related consist of basic needs, individual and family safety, and, sports and recreation . Relevant hypotheses based on the model suggested are: H1b: There is a significant effect between prison climate rehabilitation and life.
H2b: There is a significant effect between family social support and life.