ANALYSIS OF THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL IMPACTS OF CORONA VIRUS DISEASE-2019 (COVID-19) PANDEMIC

Purpose of the study: The twenty-first century has witnessed numerous impacts of the novel Corona Virus Disease-2019 (Covid-19) pandemic in different walks of life across the globe. The present study was designed to get a societal response regarding the multifaceted impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the lives of the populace of the study locale. Methodology: The researchers selected a qualitative research approach for gaining in-depth insights on the issue at hand, wherein the data was collected from the potential participants through purposive sampling. The In-depth Interviews were conducted in district Swat which is one of the most affected districts from Covid-19. The In-depth Interview was used as a research instrument. The data was analyzed through thematic analysis. Main Findings: The study findings revealed that human lives are severely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The routine life cycle was badly affected, and people were confined to their houses. Like other parts of the world, different sectors like education, health, rituals, social interaction, travel, and tourism are desperately affected. Resultantly, it drastically raised the socio-cultural and economic (especially unemployment) unrest situation in the region. Apart from these consequences, due to the Pandemic scenario, various socio-cultural rituals, events, and activities were at a halt due to the imposition of social distancing measures. Applications of this study: The findings can be utilized/generalized in the normal course of life keeping in view the multidimensional impacts of the Covid-19 in the region. This study could be utilized for future research studies on the same issue. Novelty/Originality of this study: Besides, the study has immense significance, such studies are novel in the region with such a distinct perspective that covers various aspects of the impacts of Covid-19 using a qualitative research approach.


INTRODUCTION
On January 7 with the infection traced to the Wuhan seafood marketplace that also traded living animals, the latest coronavirus (2019-novel Corona Virus) was reported as the cause of the illnesses. The outbreak was first noted on the 31 st of December 2019. The virus has been termed SARS-COV-2, and the illness it causes has been dubbed "COVID-19" abbreviated "Coronavirus disease 2019" (Alipio, 2020;Gorbalenya et al., 2020;Ienca & Vayena, 2020). Data from China exhibited that older grown-ups, predominantly those with severe underlying health complications, are at higher danger of serious coronavirus allied illness and death than younger folks (Alipio, 2020). Covid-19 is more severe than normal influenza (Wilson, Kvalsvig, Telfar, & Baker, 2020) with a case fatality rate of 0.25 to 3 percent (as of March 13, 2020) and can be spread between people even during the latent process (Hoehl, 2020).
The outbreak of Covid-19 was acknowledged as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) and was subsequently regarded as a pandemic. It soon became a worldwide threat (Spina, 2020). On February 26, 2020, Pakistan's first Covid-19 case was registered (World Bank, 2020b). Indeed, most countries worldwide are under the influence of the Covid-19, with dreadful effects on the socio-cultural and economic fabric.
Around December 27, 2020, more than 79.2 million cases and more than 1.7 million deaths have been recorded since the beginning of the pandemic. The highest number of new cases were reported from the Islamic Republic of Iran ( 1. To probe out the impacts of Covid-19 pandemic on the educational institution, health sector, travel & tourism sector, and rituals.
2. To assess the perception and attitude of people toward the practice of social distancing during the Covid-19.

LITERATURE REVIEW
The numerous pandemics faced by humanity, such as the Swine Influenza, Ebola, Spanish Influenza, Hong Kong Influenza, HIV/AIDS, Asian Influenza, and SARS have had a significant effect on the environment, the economy, and all human activities, like agriculture, education, tourism, livestock, trade, transport, health, fisheries, manufacturing, mining, etc.
Humankind is now fronting another epidemic, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection that causes the disease known as Covid-19 (Siche, 2020). The consequence of the epidemic on people and the economy can be seen by the limits on labor mobility, suspensions of airlines, the lockdown of cities around the world, the travel bans, and, most ominously, the decelerating of the economy ( A dispersed media climate has encouraged the unregulated dissemination of such health-related misinformation, which can have significant effects, such as deteriorating health conditions and increased deaths (Waisbord, 2020). Consistent with results from past epidemics and pandemics (Taylor, 2019), many individuals in this survey (33%) were not optimistic that their community's healthcare system was equipped to cope with new coronavirus cases. A lack of confidence in the healthcare system would probably fuel worries about the effects of being infected. Lack of awareness and disinformation has been shown to fuel health-related concerns and phobias, frequently helped by sensational mass media reports and emphasis (Taylor & Asmundson, 2004).
New technologies are being leveraged to implement social distance criteria as Covid-19 expands worldwide (Sylvia, 2020). Some groups also took to the streets to make as much noise as possible in various regions of the world, ignoring the need for social distancing (Sharma, 2020). As people worldwide practice social distancing, they use mediated networks such as MIMS to communicate with family and friends. Relational communication through such networks, therefore, only increases in frequency. During this pandemic, as more individuals participate in such communication, the risk of misinformation being exchanged across networks like MIMS increases (Malhotra, 2020). Many employees with low pay and gigs do not afford to stay home. Nor should they cope with the economic effects of other measures of social distancing that can help delay transmission (Parmet & Sinha, 2020). It is well-founded that, because of their increased risk of autoimmune, neurocognitive, social segregation among older grown-ups, cardiovascular and psychological health problems are a grave public health worry (Gerst-Emerson, & Jayawardhana, 2015). It has recently been observed that social distancing places older adults in bigger jeopardy of depression and anxiety (Santini et al., 2020).
To avoid the worldwide transmission of Covid-19 infection, media, governments, researchers, physicians, police, celebrities, and other members of a society called on the community to sidestep public assemblies, including religious ceremonies, sports, family events, school classes, and meetings (McCloskey et al., 2020). Despite these struggles, the value of social distance owing to attitude problems is overlooked by many individuals (Roy et al., 2020). Globally, the concerns and anxiety in society affect all people to varying degrees. Current research indicates that people kept in quarantine and isolation experience substantial suffering in the form of frustration, symptoms of post-traumatic stress, uncertainty, and anxiety (Brooks et al., 2020). Workplaces remained healthy with only tiny occasional community infections due to the workplace's extreme social distance policy (Kim, 2020). Social distancing from proper hygiene is reported to reduce incidence and severity (Dalton et al. 2020), contributing to economic benefits (Greenstone & Nigam, 2020). The guideline limits small group meetings, club events, and social dinners at workplaces and promotes a 'return home right after work' culture (Kim, 2020).
Lower and middle-income countries and the poor are increasingly impacted by the economic consequences of the Covid-19 crisis. International travel restrictions and the complete or partial closure of companies and sectors in Asia, Europe, and North America have caused global travel to crash, and remittance flows are expected to decline the significant sources of jobs and income for the poor and tourism remittances (Breisinger et al., 2020). Unemployment rates will increase sharply as the pandemic has perpetuated an economic downturn, and deteriorated welfare safety nets will also endanger the health and social instability (Ahmed et al., 2020).
The state of lockdown in numerous parts of the globe, which has mostly contributed to the worldwide economy, has headed to halted goods and services. This has contributed to a split in the worldwide supply chains and has consequently viciously obstructed the universal economy ( A sharp decline in tourist numbers has been seen because of the strict travel restrictions globally and in the Pacific Small Island Developing States (PSIDS) (Sherzad, 2020). Economists in Pakistan warn of a recession amid virus lockdowns (Naqvi, 2020). The World Bank also warns that there could be a recession in Pakistan (World Bank, 2020b). According to the Pakistan Labor Force Survey (2017-18), the unemployment rate is 5.8 percent in the country (Sohail, 2018), however, the joblessness ratio is projected to reach 8.1 percent during 2020-21 fiscal year because of the current crisis and lockdown (Siddiqui, 2020).
Some of the beliefs and values we have kept over the years are no longer tenable, with Covid-19 in our midst. The principles under which we have lived have altered, leading to new normal values. Therefore, while cultures change, it must be noted that it is usually those aspects of culture that are part of the surface structure, above the water in the iceberg's analogy, that easily alters standards such as greetings, clothing, food, transport, housing, etc. In the area of hygiene, COVID-19 has also induced changes in behavior (Mweri, 2020).
Lockdown-like steps were declared later in March 2020 in Pakistan, but were symbolic as primarily confined to some major cities, lasted for less than two months, and were withdrawn (May 08, 2020) when the damage was the maximum for a single day. The 'smart lockdown' idea was adopted and lauded by the authorities after routine activities for a couple of weeks (Khan, 2020) as an efficient method to counter the virus. At the National Coordination Committee (NCC) meeting on 7 August 2020, it was reported that due to a successful strategy, the Covid-19 pandemic had been managed, and the country was declared open to routine. The tally continued through September to 295 236 cases, and in some parts of the world, a new edition of the smart lockdown, the 'mini smart lockdown', was pronounced (The News International, 2020). The absence of a strict policy and lockdown game laid the foundation for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through socio-political, cultural, religious, daily, transport, and tourism activities. Schools, colleges, and universities have been re-opened across the country for routine operations. Ultimately, according to officials, a second outbreak of the pandemic exploded. In Pakistan, the foundation was all prepared for such a scenario (Ali, Zhongren, and Baloch, 2020; Ali, Ma, and Bai, 2020), but the frightening thing is that SARS-CoV-2 circulation would not end here, and if the lesson is not learned, it is highly likely that Covid-19 could become a cause of persistent infection.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH
The analysis of the multifaceted impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic was held through a qualitative research approach. The data was obtained from the teachers of different public sector educational institutions of district Swat being one of the most affected districts from Covid-19 in the region through a non-probability sampling procedure (Purposive sampling). For getting detailed information regarding the issue at hand, the researchers collected the requisite information using in-depth interviews (n=40) with experienced moderators' help. In social sciences, an in-depth interview is considered a useful research tool for obtaining meaningful and in-depth information (Mishra, 2016). The collected data was analyzed under thematic analogy. Also, owing to the ongoing scenario of Covid-19, the required Standard Operating Procedures (SoPs) were followed during data collection from the study participants. Besides, the ethical guidelines were also kept in consideration during this research study.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
As discussed earlier, this study is mainly designed to focus on the impacts of Covid-19 on varying dimensions like education, health, social distancing, business, agriculture, travel, tourism, and rituals. The detailed account of each subtheme is outlined in the following lines, followed by a relevant discussion.

Covid-19 and Its Impacts on Education Institution
Although education is one of the fundamental rights of every citizen, in developing countries like Pakistan, the education sector's overall situation presents a gloomy picture. With the experience of Covid-19, the education institution witnessed numerous challenges. The study participants explained those challenges from their lenses are stated as follows:

"Education remained a less priority of any government due to which the education sector is less developed…..and due to the Covid-19, the educational institutions were closed due to lockdown for avowing the cases of Covid-19….resultantly brought severe financial implications for the private school's owners and teachers" (SP-01).
The secondary data also pinpointed that educational institutions have been closed for minimizing the spread of this infectious disease via breaking the vital chains of transmission in the community (Kawano, 2015

Impacts on Health Sector
Health is the prime concern of every individual. People around the globe faced health challenges. There has been an increased use of facemasks (Feng et al. 2020) and hand sanitizers since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, causing resources on the market to be depleted. A shortage of personal protection devices affects health workers around the world (WHO, 2020b). Irresponsible use of social media has encouraged the unregulated dissemination of healthrelated misinformation, which can have significant effects, such as deteriorating health conditions and increased deaths (Malhotra, 2020; Taylor  During the pandemic, patients should remain at home unless they require urgent or emergent medical care. Telemedicine can be used as the default solution instead. Telemedicine facilitates continuing treatment, thus reducing needless patient and healthcare worker exposure (American Medical Association, 2020; Hollander & Carr, 2020).

Social Distancing and Socio-cultural Rituals
The concept of social distancing came to the front with the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic. The government launched campaigns through media for ensuring the social distancing aiming to stop the widespread of the Covid-19. This also affected the socio-cultural activities and rituals like marriages, funerals, etc. Some groups also took to the streets in various parts of the world to make as much noise as possible, ignoring the need for social distancing (Sharma, 2020

Impacts on Travel & Tourism
Like other sides of life, travel and the tourism sectors also face large-scale hindrances and losses. The impacts of Covid-19 on travel and tourism are multifaceted. The Government of Pakistan put limits on the travel and tourism industry, due to which the lower class people suffered a lot. Globally, transport has been affected. Imports from China and other countries of inorganic chemicals, iron, steel, etc. have been extremely impacted. Because of the lockdown in many countries, transport business has immobile even at countrywide. The mainstreams of firm workers function from home, which has its monetary disadvantages (Roy et al. 2020). A sharp decline in tourist numbers has been seen because of the strict travel restrictions globally and in the Pacific Small Island Developing States (PSIDS) (Sherzad, 2020).
"People are in a confusing state of mind regarding the resumption of travel and tourism activities in the region. Due to this pandemic, national and international travel also badly suffered. Restrictions on the local transport system also bring at halt nearly all the activities of routine life…" (SP-26).
The Covid-19 pandemic has caused momentous disorders in the economy worldwide. Due to this abrupt halt, the travel and tourism industry is significantly impacted (Gopalakrishnan et al., 2020). Tourism offers the ability to grasp the job marketplace in many least-developed and developing countries and unbalanced working circumstances. Tourism is most often the leading entry point into jobs, particularly for young people, women, the rural population, and migrant workers (International Labor Organization, 2013). Many employees in the tourism sector are under the age of 35 years (International Labor Organization, 2017). In the international economy, the Covid-19 pandemic has triggered key disturbances. By the finale of the first quarter of 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic had fetched an immediate halt to international travel and ominously obstructed the tourism industry.
Regarding the role of the government in supporting the travel and tourism industry, it was revealed that; "The government is challenged with difficulties in giving relief to its people who are badly suffered due to this pandemic. The hotels and industry are closed due to the lockdown. The waiters, laborers associated with this industry are now unemployed. On the other side, transports are also not capable of coping with their financial miseries. …." (SP-28).
The tourism sector is a main source of employment, foreign exchange income, and government revenue for many developing and developed states (Gopalakrishnan et al. 2020). The pandemic of COVID-19 took the entire planet by surprise and brought it to a virtual standstill. The travel and tourism industry is one of the most heavily affected economic sectors, given that the highest 1.5 billion visitors toured globally in 2019 is hardly surprising. The disease epidemic and its fast spread worldwide saw increased industry confusion as tourists' needed the latest and accurate information beforehand decisive on their subsequent endpoints and routes (Irandu, 2020).

CONCLUSIONS
The researchers focused on the impacts of the Corona Virus Disease-2019 (Covid-19) pandemic on the various aspects of the lives of the target population. The study was limited to the impacts of Covid-19 on the educational institutions, health sectors, rituals, social interaction, travel, and tourism, respectively. The data was gathered from the potential study