INVESTIGATING COMMUNITY RESILIENCE AGAINST VIOLENT EXTREMISM THROUGH LIVED EXPERIENCES OF COMMUNITY MEMBERS IN SWAT-PAKISTAN

Purpose of the Research: The paper focuses to investigate CR (community resilience) counter to extremism through the lived experiences of community members. Methodology: To gather appropriate data from the partakers, the qualitative research design was applied. To analyze the gathered Clarke and Braun (2014) thematic analysis approach was used. Results: The results of this research work were construed and the ways forward were fitted out given that. the project team is in the process of initiating a report that focuses on strengthening community capacity, which is the main objective of this paper. The edition will make a positive contribution to all interested and humane people, mostly to the less fortunate. Application of the research: Moreover, it can be said that this project will have an impact on future research in the field of community empowerment. This work will also highlight the important opportunity for historical research on community resilience to combat violent extremism. Novelty/Originality of the research: Past research has sufficiently investigated similar topics. However, none of the past research approached the topic through the lived experience of the community members. Thus, this research (by studying the problem through the lived experience of the community members) is unique.


INTRODUCTION
Over the past twenty years, political, religious, and ideological savagery and barbarism have spread around the world. This led to a nearly tenfold increase in the death toll from the 9/11 extremism. Pakistan and Nigeria, which have the highest number, responsible for death are the fanatic factions who demonstrate a high standard of freedom. Extremism is opposition to fundamental principles, which comprise egalitarianism, the rule of law, human rights, reciprocal reverence, and big-heartedness for diverse dogmas (Muzamil, Tschakert, Boruff, & Shahbaz, 2021).
An organization is a cluster of individuals and crowds who have similar safeties or have a geographical area. Local resuscitation (CR) is a sign of stopping negative violence from those who have been sacrificed to sustainable change. Communal spirit acts in the fight against all forms of extremism and discrimination. The government's commitment to respect for anthropological civil liberties wins community support against all forms of activism. Ahmed and Zahoor, (2020) presented Hirschi's (1969) theory that strong family, community, and social relationships play a central role in overcoming strong extremism. Researchers propose collective efficiency, which is the unification of community solidarity with plans to take stronger action against larger communities -as a major shadow of the impact of environmental terrorism (Akram, Nasar, & Rehman, 2021). Alam, (2021) introduces a community resilience system that includes financial development, information and communication, modern infrastructure, and community resilience. These principles are the theoretical framework of this research project.
Extremism poses a threat to the entire world. The main source of violent terrorism in society. The number of people who have died as a result of violent violence is similar to other forms of violence (Bhattacharya, 2020). Being a member of the community can play the best role in preventing violence with the complete involvement of individuals to produce the essence of proprietorship of this challenge and solve it. The best strategies to prevent violent conflict are to strengthen interpersonal relationships, streamline inter-agency programs, and resolve inter-city and financial crises that promote interdependence, perpetuate inequality and inequality and increase community engagement (Bilal, 2021) Davies, Doering, and Neudecker (2021) mentioned (Sampson, Raudenbush, & Earls, 1997) have developed a theory of improved performance -a community-based approach mixed with illness to enter and communities-an important protection impact concerning regional issues. Successful coordination of conflict and traumatic situations is called resilience (Fair, Littman, Malhotra, & Shapiro, 2018). A community is an environment where people live together. Social norms such as perceptions of similarity and proximity, common features such as religion, ethnicity, and nationality are given priority in anthropology (Hussain, Mushtaq, & Hussain, 2021). Community resilience combines the ability to integrate into a better way of working and re-functioning in a community before bullying or disaster (Kapur, 2021).
According to the survey, Muslims face severe political turmoil in Europe and the United States because they are different from the indigenous people. Selfishness is an area of concern that foreign groups resent, leading to the behavior of some extremist minorities, which in turn can lead to an increase in discrimination within the organization, which in turn can exacerbate it to external group complaints (Victoroff, Adelman, & Matthews, 2012). Muslims have reacted angrily to anti-extremism programs in three U.S. cities because only Muslims have been violated without violating their constitutional rights (Romaniuk, 2015;Weine, Cohen, & Brannegan, 2015). The fight against extremism has become less conscious and has limited resources for other social issues, such as gang violence (Schanzer, Kurzman, Toliver, & Miller, 2016).
In this regard, these fears can be addressed by building genuine partnerships between communities and governing bodies to strengthen stronger communities. Community awareness prepares people for all kinds of disasters, (Hong, Bonczak, Gupta, & Kontokosta, 2021), societal connections are imperative for CR to catastrophic disasters. Determination in race, ethnicity, and spirituality is essential for a society's resilience to serious illness and conflict, acting as a protective shield, reducing the risk of coercion (Svennevig, Jerome, & Elwick, 2021;Hodge, Zidan, & Husain, 2015). Fear of Islamic ideology incites extremism and bigotry (Wahab, 2021). Their shortcomings are the lack of education, the negligence of members of the community, and the isolation of a society that encourages terrorism. The purpose of the study now is to fill these gaps.

METHOD AND MATERIAL
Qualitative methodology was used for this study. The purpose of this approach is to get an unfathomable contextual connotation of violent extremism and its impact on society in a natural scenario. Phenomenology is one of the five approaches highlighted by Creswell and Poth (2016) to get a thorough thoughtfulness of violent extremism through the lens of the participants. A convenient sampling procedure was adopted to collect data from participants to present comprehensive descriptions and exactly reveal their point of view for exploring root causes, strategies, social linking, and community membership role against violent extremism in Swat.

Participants
The purpose of the investigator is not findings generalization to the population but a bottomless and profound thoughtfulness of the topic through familiarities and practices of participants. The number of participants was 04 female community members and 04 male community members [04 community members (female) + 04 community members (male) = 08] of District Swat who had experienced violent extremism in the valley of Swat were chosen.

Data Collection tools
In-depth interviews with participants were the research tools. We were keenly engaged with the participants in the data collection procedure. In this way, diverse facets were gained in discovering the practices and experiences of community members and community members in Swat.

Interview
Appropriate research methods are very useful for academic research. The cost of looking for these methods is very low and the results can be very focused and useful for many areas of study. On the other hand, the benefits and differentiated nature of qualitative research methods vary from subject to subject and from training to training (Milena, Dainora, & Alin, 2008).
A phenomenological study is conducted through in-depth interviews which is the most important strategy for data gathering (Ting, Yong, Yin, & Mi, 2016). According to Tavakol, Dennick, and Tavakol (2012), an in-depth interview is essential for understanding the true spirit of the research problem and gaining new and novel themes from the lived experiences of the informants. We applied in-depth interview sessions with the participants. The interview queries was framed based on RQs. The interview sessions were continued until the data gets saturated. The participants' experiences were noted down for records to get an understanding of the phenomenon.

Validity and Analysis
The research tool (interview protocol) was validated and corrections were made as directed by the experts. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was applied for the analysis of the gathered data. Interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) practice, the narrative was also employed within the IPA practice to collect the partakers' community membership stories (Hearn, Finlay, & Sheffield, 2021). Steeves (1994) mentioned the narrative as demonstrating the "world in motion" (p. 23), thus, the first interview question was structured in narrative form, questioning for the partakers' story of community members to deliver a more vibrant value to the interview. The findings commence with these retorts.

Stories of Community Members
While we asked questions from community members and community members to state and express in detail the story of their experiences during terrorism of the terrorists and then during the operation of security forces, the responses and angry replies displayed life-threatening discrepancy among the participants. Some community members discussed their adept and dedicated efforts, some debated more heart-piercing stories, and others contended their community [The Valley of Swat] suffered a lot from the hands of violent extremists in the garb of clergymen. Two of the partakers, Sardar and Yousaf, told that violent extremism has completely devastated our education system as they have attacked and usurped the educational institutions by force and demolished most of the school and college buildings so. Sardar narrated his story of facing terrorism first as "dearth of political sagacity strengthen the presence of violent extremists in the valley, Oh, I wish I would rather be a pagan to see the leaders of dogma, puppets in the hands of terrorists, making slogans for a so-called Shariah-the arch-rivals of the real Mullahs-the best social reformers-the leading lights of social order." He then continued to express the devastating condition of his community membership, starting with the explosion, bombing, assassination of prominent figures and opponents and then with migration as IDPs-Internally Displaced persons starting with being Proctor of the Students' Proctorial Board [SPB], as well as other leading roles like Head of Debate Society, Stage Secretary at Bazm e Adab program at secondary school level. He restated that he sensed pleased and respected that followers regarded him and that he incessantly makes every effort to mark a change as a leading light and as an individual.
"The story of my membership has been going on since the beginning of my life at the institutional level. When I worked as a different member at different levels, I was very satisfied with being in the community seats, either formally or voluntarily, I was very happy to have the opportunity to do so, some people found me to look after good deeds. I feel like I was going to a victim level at the time, and I feel like I want to make a difference, whatever it is." Yousaf explained that their local members "have grown and grown after 27 years." He immediately took on his skin color and gender and that he grew up in the city of Peshawar in Ninety Years. This laid the foundation for the development of its local members. The integration of inter-ethnic communities has given the power to speak to those who have not yet been left out. He did not identify himself as a leader because he saw Fatima Jinnah, M.A. Jinnah, Benazir Bhutto, and Razia Sultana as members of the community. He has come a long way in his life, as he recalls his enlightenment, understanding, and actions which he understood saying "almost at all times he is a leader, I have never seen." He describes himself as a "compromiser" and a "bee-like worker," rather than a leader.

I used to lead a group of students, and I did all sorts of work in student groups. I was put in the seats of community members even though I never knew I was a leader".
His domestic life, especially his father-in-law high school, influenced the style of membership of his community. He announced that his father had made many sacrifices to have a better life. Yousaf, as a young man, tried to agree to take it and would meet his father's choice. "I think his words, every time I take care of it, I see this work so you don't take it. That's why you keep going to school, that's why you go to college; so that, don't take it for granted. "He got into this in his leadership. He, like his father, was smart enough to" discuss the situation so that you get what you want without neglecting to leave who you are ".
Sadia begins her story by describing the members of the group as "full details of you as a complete person." He then went on to express his belief and belief that community members are more than just one person's experience, know-how, and day-to-day activities. He points out that in recent days he has been successful in a unique development platform in the workplace where the researcher started with asking questions about his youth. He described his unique experience as a "bright spot" to see how he felt about his idea of becoming a member of the community. He was very careful about how management and leadership were something more important than just the curriculum. He went on to say that the history of the world has been enriched in every age by the birth of great city members who were a symbol of loyalty [Like my Father -Deputy Commissioner of the time-martyred in a burst of tears in his eyes]. He went on to say that from the dawn of civilization until now, these members of society have been born in all countries and all human races.
But it is unfortunate about the fate that few of such great souls are properly accepted, not highly respected, in their lives and even by their followers -followers who have suffered and been martyred. Their destiny ranged from death to judgment. He also brought information [Thus Christ was crucified; Socrates had to swallow the poison; Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) emigrated for his life; Galileo was cut off as an innovator; Quaid e Azam was condemned and Mahatma Gandhi fired a bucket for the shooting and the assassination of Benazir]. He went on to say that dignity and acceptance will not go hand in hand, while these members of the society are alive, misunderstood, misunderstood, abused, cursed, and even persecuted. But when they were not, when the time came to discard the madness of misunderstanding, determination, selfishness, and conflicting passions, then the great leader accepted his true position and shone in all his glory. But [crying]. No tears, no tears, no praise can come to him. Then it goes beyond all this.
"Of course we do not disclose any particular area of whether a person is a strong and resilient hero or a professional leader or a natural leader. If you try to talk about members of the community illegally, just about my academic credentials, compliments, special disclosures, and work experience, you are misleading something True plenty about human totality".
Shehzad begins his story with his professional and thorough consent but focuses on being in a specialized centre, not on any important position he wants to achieve. He informed each other that his dream of doing his job at this high school was so strong that he took an evening job just to get a position there. It is for this reason he has become brilliant in finding more work so it will be day and night and last forever. He caught and bought more writing than, a few columns, all including one post watch.
He explained [Attended a training workshop organized to assist women to become caregivers with HODs at the University. It was for this training session that he was able to engage in many facets of the university and have had regular success, some of which he still has. The various areas he held first in his career made it easier for him to advance as he managed the skills he developed during that time of his career].
Shehbaz was quick to define himself as the inventor of "forward power" rather than "born leader." Explains his preferences for being in the constitution or control as a leader. However, it shows union members to demand "such selfcontrol and self-control which is not normal." Shehbaz went on to describe the training necessary to be an honest and effective leader. The discipline is to obey our leaders and our followers. The whole world is disciplined. Violation of one of its minimum rules will lead to disaster. The public also stands for training on the global system. He went on to say that we should obey each other, obey the laws of nature, and obey the laws of God. It is important in all areas of life [at home, in college, at work, on the playground, and even in senior positions]. He went on to say that discipline [effective among community members] is the key to success in modern management. It is a virtue. They are important members of the community as they are thoughtful, visionary, and visionary people; seekers of truth and justice; fighters for truth on falsehood, knowledge for superstition, and light on ignorance; dreamers of perfection and the greatest human happiness; a special group that lives for humanity as a whole and is fighting for their lives as a whole to enjoy the greatest human being in society; they are in line with their mission, their dream of pleasing all men. As a result, they are farther away from their peers -this makes some envious of them and when they start promoting their good qualities, few support them and many oppose them. They are abused and ridiculed and when they use their influence, they begin to show unfounded prejudices and beliefs. They are then violently attacked and often mistreated. But these unique inventions do not break down and become bold and active. He sighed and said [if your head is thrown, then it stands above the rest].

Community Membership Tactics
There are many qualities that are the cornerstone of any leader. These include responsiveness, improvement, and collaboration, creativity, innovation, appreciation, and communication. These attitudes are part of the activities of the members of the organization outlined below.
Sidra mentions the status of a member of his community based on conservation, collaboration, appreciation, engagement in activities, and the audience listening. Sardar went on to return to his members using a box of tools. "In the toolbox, you have to state how you want to lead in that specific time or situation or context." He further explained that at the time of a company, sometimes a mallet is the best tool for operation and at this time, one needs a machine. In his administration, he discovered that unwanted things require a variety of strategies.
The facial expressions of the kindness of the members of the group that Yousaf emphasizes focus on people.

So I learned about the importance of work. It's not just about the results, but also about how you transition to that. And so I found an order about these things and activities.
Shehzadi puts her management style based on her good deeds of good character. She describes herself as always doing things, whether at work or not, she is always "connected" and always discusses matters, even with relatives. There are other qualities beyond that which she permeates in her management style. These include being assertive, responsive, setting a role model for his or her employees, and maintaining attention and well-being.
She attempts to set a good example for all my leaders and individuals who do the same to me; to show the qualities and attitudes that I want to embody in them is a positive assumption, to be receptive, to be a balanced outcome; to develop a humorous qualification, and be a woman that people want to work with and get together when we focus and think on issues.
Sadia was asked about the style of membership of her community and she responded by describing the nature of her character. For Sadia, his character in a straight line combines with his management.
I am a well-organized, non-judgmental teacher. But, the best thing about the professional experience I have experienced is understanding that, even though those are special skills, and I have not done anything to make those who are sad and I see their true value. That, in order to lead the truth, I must stand firm in this unholy way. And obviously and evaluating and improving team activities so that even if I envision things in a neat and orderly way, and you see, I have professional colleagues here (university) and other places I have worked who are not misunderstood and it is a thought otherwise and understanding how it will fetch how these different ideas are enlightened and enlightened in a way that will last only to think through misunderstanding will not see.
Sadia then highlighted three key elements of their membership process, which included coordination, commitment, and responsibility. Shehzad recounts how he singled out someone from the management for the reason that one is not cohesive and cohesive. This established a habit for stability and the division of its heads up to unity.

The first will be to work together. From the value of different positions in the production of quality products, and about the people who feel the promise. And the second quality that is important to me is inspiration. And, being the next competitor, not only in college but also as a mother, because I saw being a mother also being a trailblazer [front-runner] and
I think when I went on to head the same department, everyone recognized him. It is a very difficult job. One of them realized he was not a union worker and a co-conspirator, so the meaning was clear.

Creating an Optimistic Work Environment
Fashioning a constructive working atmosphere was vital to these females' management approaches. They sensed that since individuals devote a huge quantity of time, vitality, and dynamism at exertion, they must have a constructive atmosphere, at liberty from chinwag, futile talk, backstabbing, and backbiting.
Sidra arrays the platform for individuals to be pleased and contented at toil and adore what they function. Even without elevations, he has instituted self-esteem to be winning, and he ascribed this to the constructive working atmosphere.
I reflect the extreme pleasure I have is that just looking persons thrilled about what they see to.
That's what I value for I ponder that if you're optimistic, then persons all over the place you are going to be optimistic and it's going to make for a more constructive working atmosphere.
Shehbaz reiterated these ideas and was thrilled that creating a satisfying and satisfying environment was a top priority for him.
It is important to me that the people who work for me on a daily basis, under me, are satisfied with the commitment and satisfaction of their careers and provide a workplace here because we spend a lot of time planning. Its fun, but without discussion and lack of things like that. It is important for me to have a comfortable room to work where people want to come to work before lunch time.
Shehzad strives for a better working environment and upgrades the departments to work together and provide mutual support and is pleased with the satisfactory announcement. He changed the culture of the institutions For Shehbaz, solving problems is something she doesn't like, but she thinks it's important to deal with them directly.
I let my followers see that I will not let problems escalate either I will take care of them, the issue of staff or otherwise I see everyone fighting against the opposition but I have no one to let go of, me and his time. I will continue to take care of things and I will continue to do so.

RQ 1 : What are real sources of ferocious vehemence in communal associates?
R 1 explains ignorance and adversity are the major reasons of violence. R 2 states that America's involvement is the main reason for the spread of this problem. R 3 believes that Western art is the cause of terrorism. R 7 argues that injustice in society to poverty leads to terrorism. R 8 responds that the greed of members of the international community, especially in the West is a major cause of terrorism. He also said that this has instilled the essence of crusade among young Muslims for retaliation and others.

RQ 2 : What tactics can be executed authorizing communal associates and fortify the CR with improved counterterrorism strategies?
R1 is of the opinion that Peaceful political dialogue and cooperation are the finest stratagems to encourage communal adherents to combat intimidation. R 4 shows that mutual understanding, communal involvement, and societal fairness are indispensable for suppleness. R 6 replies that eliminating fear of Islam by pacification actions is a good approach. R 2 retorts that reformation of ideas, cessation of hostilities, and closure of preparation hubs are good stratagems. R 3 displays that backup a robust public is a good tactic. Architectural representation of Themes.

Source: Authors' Work
The figure shows that the basic reasons for ferocious radicalism are extreme adversity in the area and no proper educational programs for the eradication of illiteracy and ignorance from the youth of the locality. Spirit of Jihad was inculcated in the mind of the youth with so-called ideology and they were recruited regularly and properly by the extremist groups for the fulfillment of their nefarious designs. Injustice is rampant in the area. All the fiscal authority are in the hands of Khans. They were treating the poor with brutality and injustice. An inborn hatred is existing in the poor people against the landlords of the area. It was also found that global monetary avarice to snatch each and everything of another country was another cause of the violent extremism. It was also found that nefarious designs of the West have devastated the conditions in Swat because these countries have their designs in the area. Extremists' centers abolition

Ideological Reinterpretation
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews eISSN: 2395-6518, Vol 9, No 3, 2021, pp 208-221 https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9323 217|https://giapjournals.com/hssr/index © Idris and Saeed The figure displays that the strategies to combat violent extremism are peaceful dialogue, strong community support, Islamophobia eradication, extremists' centre's abolition, ideological reinterpretation, and complete ceasefire.  The figure shows that the positive role of leaders and community members requires to prefer positive actions, respect moral superiority, family meetings, social status, self-sacrifice for a better future and discourage criminal opportunism.
After the theme map, the themes are defined and renamed. In the end, the interpretation was correct.

KEY FINDINGS
The major findings are: It was found that the basic reasons for ferocious radicalism are extreme adversity in the area and no proper educational programs for the eradication of illiteracy and ignorance from the youth of the locality. Spirit of Jihad was inculcated in the mind of the youth with so-called ideology and they were recruited regularly and properly by the extremist groups for the fulfillment of their nefarious designs. Injustice is rampant in the area. All the fiscal authority are in the hands of Khans. They were treating the poor with brutality and injustice. An inborn hatred is existing in the poor people against the landlords of the area. It was also found that global monetary avarice to snatch everything of another country was another cause of the violent extremism. It was also produced that nefarious designs of the West have devastated the conditions in Swat because these countries have their designs in the area. It was also found that the strategies to combat violent extremism are peaceful dialogue, strong community support, Islamophobia eradication, extremists' centre's abolition, ideological reinterpretation, and complete ceasefire. It was also found that social linking needs social bonding, social bridging, community support, educational awareness, positive political involvement, and strong leadership. It was also noted from the views of the interviewees' positive role of leaders and community members requires to prefer positive actions, respect moral superiority, family meetings, social status, self-sacrifice for a better future and discourage criminal opportunism. Large buildings are like foundations; strategies on VE; friendship; and community members and community status of statistical analysis are supported by qualification criteria. Similarly, the main themes that emerge from the qualifications are political extremism, authoritarianism, dictatorship, culture, racism, authoritarianism, and hatred of humanity, general opinion, racism, Martyrdom traits, gender stereotypes, intolerance and misunderstanding, Psycho and Terrorism Practices, Anxiety, Cold Sores, Infertility, Disagreement, Social Discrimination, Lack of Hope, Common Core About anti-Semitism, Islamic extremism, The causes of terrorism, Western extremism, anti-Americanism and ideological extremism.

DISCUSSION
The current research paper delivers a wealth of information in the context of Pakistan on terrorism and extremist violence and not only identifies the root causes of violence, addressing the strategy of fighting VE but also identifying the bridge community and institutions about the problem and then highlight the importance of community members and the community in building public capacity to face this risk. The study further enhances the literature on extremism by writing about support for the relationship between community members and the role of society and CR on violence. It has been found that CR in VE inhibition signifies a change of pace from a complex conflict, in which people suffer for a critical period, to a way in which union members represent change. It has also been found that building CR works best as it becomes a social system that can gain community trust and allow them to become citizens of the city. It has also been shown that part of communal associates in constructing communal pliability to integrate ferocious radicalism is in line with the study of Hong, Bonczak, Gupta, & Kontokosta, (2021) and Svennevig, Jerome, and Elwick, (2021) who struggle to prevent and respond Terrorism through Justice is not only the responsibility of the state. The finding is backing the research of Wahab, (2021); Hong, Bonczak, Gupta, and Kontokosta, (2021). It was decided that the origin of VE was the poverty that supported it by research (Pervez, 2020; Subedi, & Jenkins, 2016) which suggests that lack of funds contributes to the large VE group and economic inequality. Each person's origins, complaints, visions, and hopes can be explored in the wrong way to be able to make a meaningful intervention, tailored to the nature of the community. Senior members of the group have been found to have played a key role in eliminating intimidation and fetching harmony in the country. The finding is buttressed by the research work of (Muzamil, Tschakert, Boruff, & Shahbaz, 2021). It was determined that communal power and pliability are constructed by including youth and other communal adherents in constructive undertakings-communal work, engagement, and sporting events to alleviate disasters. Bilal, (2021) study backed this finding.
It was concluded that community strength and resilience can be built by involving young people and other community members in positive activities such as social work, employment, and sports activities to increase disaster. This study is supported by research (Bilal, 2021). It has been found that adversity, financial instability, domestic violence, and radicalism may be controlled through increasing social empowerment and this work is supported by the project ( Hussain, Mushtaq, & Hussain, 2021; Piazza, 2011).

CONCLUSION
The findings show that the basic reasons for zealotry are adversity, ignorance, voracity, injustice, gripes, ideologies, dogmatic extremism, and societal segregation, egalitarianism, self-defeat, and ritual murder. Many community members and community members are advocating for peaceful dialogue, a ceasefire, the elimination of Islamophobia, the elimination of extremist training centres, the completion of militant networks, and the integration of on community, ideological redemption, and strengthening community support, great strategies for CVE to strengthen community resilience. After this, it was found that many community members and community members show morality, political empowerment, family support, good political participation, community support, organizational impact, public awareness 'in terms of education, strong community members, situation studies, social, and social Reforms are a regular part of social interactions between institutions and communities to strengthen the strengths of communities that do not a high position in society and their involvement in design actions to prevent this terrorism and save humanity from the continuation of the catastrophe. Furthermore, it was concluded that members of the community and the community want to prevent acts of violence, to show commitment to a group ideology, respect for moral values, the promotion of peaceful