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BALINESE SPEECH SYSTEM TOWARDS SPEAKER SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
Corresponding Author(s) : Wayan Suryasa
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 5 (2019): September
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The current study was intended to know the Balinese language had a unique speech system levels referred to anggah-ungguh basa, unlike the Indonesian language and the ethical-moral values of the Balinese speech system that positively impacts the social behaviour toward their speakers.
Methodology: The present study was a qualitative study that was applied to the structuralism theory. The data were obtained through library research using the note-taking technique. The data collected were analyzed using the analytical descriptive method.
Main Findings: There were unique Balinese speech system consists of the fifteen ethical-moral values: (1) religious, (2) honest, (3) tolerant, (4) discipline, (5) creative, (6) democratic, (7) wondering, (8) homeland loving, (9) friendship/communicative, (10) peace-loving, (11) awareness, and (12) responsible.
Applications of this study: This study can be useful to the social behavior regarded the way of speaking based on the speech level.
Novelty: The uniqueness was due to the respectful attitude of their speakers to one another.
Keywords
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- Bercovitch, F. B. (1991). Social stratification, social strategies, and reproductive success in primates. Ethology and Sociobiology, 12(4), 315-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(91)90023-J,Accessed 09 January 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(91)90023-J
- Bower, M. E., & Knutson, J. F. (1996). Attitudes toward physical discipline as a function of disciplinary history and self-labeling as physically abused. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20(8), 689-699. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(96)00057-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(96)00057-9
- Chica, T. M., Meza, A. K. T., Chavez, S. A. R., & Quiroz, M. A. M. (2017). Necessity of social worker in the educational system. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 4(2), 81-86. Retrieved from https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/irjmis/article/view/450Accessed 09 January 2019.
- Dediu, D., Janssen, R., & Moisik, S. R. (2017). Language is not isolated from its wider environment: vocal tract influences on the evolution of speech and language. Language & Communication, 54, 9-20.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2016.10.002Accessed 18 January 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2016.10.002
- Dahiya, M., & Chaudhary, B. (2016). Salaried strata investment behavior towards financial products-review and prospects for future research. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 3(7), 15-26. Retrieved from https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/irjmis/article/view/382Accessed 27 January 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v3i7.125
- Ekerdt, D. J. (1986). The busy ethic: Moral continuity between work and retirement. The Gerontologist, 26(3), 239-244. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/26.3.239Accessed 18 January 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/26.3.239
- Eling, P., Marshall, J. C., & Van Galen, G. (1981). The development of language lateralization as measured by dichotic listening. Neuropsychologia, 19(6), 767-773.https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(81)90088-9Accessed 09 January 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(81)90088-9
- FØrde, O. H. (1998). Is imposing risk awareness cultural imperialism?. Social science & medicine, 47(9), 1155-1159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00187-7Accessed 18 January 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00187-7
- Hishiyama, K. (2010). Uneasy society in Indonesia: with special attention to the gated community and CCTV in Bali. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(1), 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.01.006Accessed 27 January 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.01.006
- Hull IV, R. B., & Reveli, G. R. (1989). Cross-cultural comparison of landscape scenic beauty evaluations: A case study in Bali. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 9(3), 177-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(89)80033-7Accessed 09 January 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(89)80033-7
- Isen, A. M. (1987). Positive affect, cognitive processes, and social behavior. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 20, pp. 203-253). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60415-3Accessed 09 January 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60415-3
- Jackman, M. R. (1977). Prejudice, tolerance, and attitudes toward ethnic groups. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0049-089X(77)90005-9Accessed 27 January 2019.
- Kurihara, T., Kato, M., Tsukahara, T., Takano, Y., & Reverger, R. (2000). The low prevalence of high levels of expressed emotion in Bali. Psychiatry research, 94(3), 229-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(00)00143-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(00)00143-8
- Lewis, R. (2001). Classroom discipline and student responsibility:: The students’ view. Teaching and teacher education, 17(3), 307-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(00)00059-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(00)00059-7
- Litman, J. A., & Pezzo, M. V. (2007). Dimensionality of interpersonal curiosity. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(6), 1448-1459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.021
- Majid, A., Bowerman, M., Kita, S., Haun, D. B., & Levinson, S. C. (2004). Can language restructure cognition? The case for space. Trends in cognitive sciences, 8(3), 108-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.01.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.01.003
- McCauley, A. P. (1984). Healing as a sign of power and status in Bali. Social Science & Medicine, 18(2), 167-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(84)90037-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(84)90037-6
- Meir, I., Aronoff, M., Börstell, C., Hwang, S. O., Ilkbasaran, D., Kastner, I., ... & Sandler, W. (2017). The effect of being human and the basis of grammatical word order: Insights from novel communication systems and young sign languages. Cognition, 158, 189-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.10.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.10.011
- Nonaka, A. M. (2014). (Almost) everyone here spoke Ban Khor Sign Language—Until they started using TSL: Language shift and endangerment of a Thai village sign language. Language & Communication, 38, 54-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2014.05.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2014.05.005
- Reisinger, Y., & Turner, L. (1997). Cross-cultural differences in tourism: Indonesian tourists in Australia. Tourism Management, 18(3), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(96)00115-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(96)00115-X
- Romano, O. (2012). How to rebuild democracy, re-thinking degrowth. Futures, 44(6), 582-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2012.03.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2012.03.019
- Spinner, B., Adair, J. G., & Barnes, G. E. (1977). A reexamination of the faithful subject role. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13(6), 543-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(77)90053-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(77)90053-1
- Suarta, I. M. (2017). Revitalization of oral literature tradition of Balinese society based character values as deradicalism effort. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1(3), 8-16. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v1n3.48 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v1n3.48
- Suwija, I. N. (2017). Identification of Anggah-ungguh Kruna Balinese language. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture, 3(6), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v3n6.2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v3n6.2
- Suwija, I. N. (2018). Role of anggah-ungguh kruna in Balinese language sentence formation. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(3), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v2n3.187 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v2n3.187
- Teeuw, A. (1965). Old Balinese and comparative Indonesian linguistics. Lingua, 14, 271-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(65)90045-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(65)90045-8
- Tesser, A. (1988). Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 181-227). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60227-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60227-0
- Tinggen, I. N. (1995). Sor singgih basa Bali: istilah Indonesia-Bali. Rhika Dewata.
- Wirawan, I. W. A. (2018). Maintaining social relationship of Balinese and Sasak ethnic community. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(1), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v2n1.96 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v2n1.96
- Zou, A. M., & Kumar, K. D. (2011). Adaptive fuzzy fault-tolerant attitude control of spacecraft. Control Engineering Practice, 19(1), 10-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2010.08.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2010.08.005
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Bower, M. E., & Knutson, J. F. (1996). Attitudes toward physical discipline as a function of disciplinary history and self-labeling as physically abused. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20(8), 689-699. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(96)00057-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(96)00057-9
Chica, T. M., Meza, A. K. T., Chavez, S. A. R., & Quiroz, M. A. M. (2017). Necessity of social worker in the educational system. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 4(2), 81-86. Retrieved from https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/irjmis/article/view/450Accessed 09 January 2019.
Dediu, D., Janssen, R., & Moisik, S. R. (2017). Language is not isolated from its wider environment: vocal tract influences on the evolution of speech and language. Language & Communication, 54, 9-20.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2016.10.002Accessed 18 January 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2016.10.002
Dahiya, M., & Chaudhary, B. (2016). Salaried strata investment behavior towards financial products-review and prospects for future research. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 3(7), 15-26. Retrieved from https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/irjmis/article/view/382Accessed 27 January 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v3i7.125
Ekerdt, D. J. (1986). The busy ethic: Moral continuity between work and retirement. The Gerontologist, 26(3), 239-244. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/26.3.239Accessed 18 January 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/26.3.239
Eling, P., Marshall, J. C., & Van Galen, G. (1981). The development of language lateralization as measured by dichotic listening. Neuropsychologia, 19(6), 767-773.https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(81)90088-9Accessed 09 January 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(81)90088-9
FØrde, O. H. (1998). Is imposing risk awareness cultural imperialism?. Social science & medicine, 47(9), 1155-1159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00187-7Accessed 18 January 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00187-7
Hishiyama, K. (2010). Uneasy society in Indonesia: with special attention to the gated community and CCTV in Bali. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(1), 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.01.006Accessed 27 January 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.01.006
Hull IV, R. B., & Reveli, G. R. (1989). Cross-cultural comparison of landscape scenic beauty evaluations: A case study in Bali. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 9(3), 177-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(89)80033-7Accessed 09 January 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(89)80033-7
Isen, A. M. (1987). Positive affect, cognitive processes, and social behavior. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 20, pp. 203-253). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60415-3Accessed 09 January 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60415-3
Jackman, M. R. (1977). Prejudice, tolerance, and attitudes toward ethnic groups. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0049-089X(77)90005-9Accessed 27 January 2019.
Kurihara, T., Kato, M., Tsukahara, T., Takano, Y., & Reverger, R. (2000). The low prevalence of high levels of expressed emotion in Bali. Psychiatry research, 94(3), 229-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(00)00143-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(00)00143-8
Lewis, R. (2001). Classroom discipline and student responsibility:: The students’ view. Teaching and teacher education, 17(3), 307-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(00)00059-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(00)00059-7
Litman, J. A., & Pezzo, M. V. (2007). Dimensionality of interpersonal curiosity. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(6), 1448-1459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.021
Majid, A., Bowerman, M., Kita, S., Haun, D. B., & Levinson, S. C. (2004). Can language restructure cognition? The case for space. Trends in cognitive sciences, 8(3), 108-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.01.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.01.003
McCauley, A. P. (1984). Healing as a sign of power and status in Bali. Social Science & Medicine, 18(2), 167-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(84)90037-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(84)90037-6
Meir, I., Aronoff, M., Börstell, C., Hwang, S. O., Ilkbasaran, D., Kastner, I., ... & Sandler, W. (2017). The effect of being human and the basis of grammatical word order: Insights from novel communication systems and young sign languages. Cognition, 158, 189-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.10.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.10.011
Nonaka, A. M. (2014). (Almost) everyone here spoke Ban Khor Sign Language—Until they started using TSL: Language shift and endangerment of a Thai village sign language. Language & Communication, 38, 54-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2014.05.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2014.05.005
Reisinger, Y., & Turner, L. (1997). Cross-cultural differences in tourism: Indonesian tourists in Australia. Tourism Management, 18(3), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(96)00115-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(96)00115-X
Romano, O. (2012). How to rebuild democracy, re-thinking degrowth. Futures, 44(6), 582-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2012.03.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2012.03.019
Spinner, B., Adair, J. G., & Barnes, G. E. (1977). A reexamination of the faithful subject role. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13(6), 543-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(77)90053-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(77)90053-1
Suarta, I. M. (2017). Revitalization of oral literature tradition of Balinese society based character values as deradicalism effort. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1(3), 8-16. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v1n3.48 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v1n3.48
Suwija, I. N. (2017). Identification of Anggah-ungguh Kruna Balinese language. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture, 3(6), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v3n6.2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v3n6.2
Suwija, I. N. (2018). Role of anggah-ungguh kruna in Balinese language sentence formation. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(3), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v2n3.187 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v2n3.187
Teeuw, A. (1965). Old Balinese and comparative Indonesian linguistics. Lingua, 14, 271-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(65)90045-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(65)90045-8
Tesser, A. (1988). Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 181-227). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60227-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60227-0
Tinggen, I. N. (1995). Sor singgih basa Bali: istilah Indonesia-Bali. Rhika Dewata.
Wirawan, I. W. A. (2018). Maintaining social relationship of Balinese and Sasak ethnic community. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(1), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v2n1.96 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v2n1.96
Zou, A. M., & Kumar, K. D. (2011). Adaptive fuzzy fault-tolerant attitude control of spacecraft. Control Engineering Practice, 19(1), 10-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2010.08.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2010.08.005