Authors retain the copyright without restrictions for their published content in this journal. HSSR is a SHERPA ROMEO Green Journal.
Publishing License
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of
A STUDY ON PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL BY A METHOD OF SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL
Corresponding Author(s) : Andrii Trofimov
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 5 (2019): September
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to create and to test a method based on the principles of semantic differential and to check the level of its consistency with the method of PsyCap.
Methodology: The study was conducted in Ukraine, at the first stage, there were 112 adult participants, where 52 were men and 60 were women. The second stage involved 69 people who were getting second higher education. For the purpose of mathematical and statistical processing of the obtained data, the SPSS 21 program was used, factor analysis and correlation analysis were performed.
Main Findings: The conducted research made it possible to reveal the semantic space of the "work" concept, and to distinguish four main factors: stability, effectiveness, relations in the team and discipline. They do not coincide with the parameters of the PsyCap, which include self-confidence, the ability and willingness to make efforts to successfully accomplish complex tasks - that is efficiency; optimism - a positive attributive style regarding the success of current and future activities; hope - vision of the perspective, purposefulness in the construction of activity; resilience - ability to overcome difficulties, solve problems in the process of achieving the goal.
Applications of this study: The study could be useful for HR-specialists, psychologists, and employees in different spheres. In further research, it is desirable to continue the testing and standardization of the semantic differential "Attitude to work" and to conduct a cross-cultural study to find out if these factors of attitude to work are purely Ukrainian, or they are more general in nature.
Novelty/Originality: Modern methods of studying psychological capital are cumbersome and unprotected from the influence of socially desirable responses. Therefore, there was a need to create a smaller procedure based on the principles of the semantic differential.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Avey,J. B., Luthans,F.&Jensen,S. M. (2009). Psychological capital: A positive resourcefor combating employee stress and turnover. Human Resource Management, 48(5), 677–693. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20294 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20294
- Avey, J. B., Patera,J. L.&West,B. J. (2006). The implications of positive psychological capital on employee absenteeism. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 13(2), 42–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/10717919070130020401 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10717919070130020401
- Avey, J. B., Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F. & Mhatre, K. H. (2011). A meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127–152. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070
- Chen, X., Zeng, G., Chang, E.C. & Cheung, H.Y. (2019). What Are the Potential Predictors of Psychological Capital for Chinese Primary School Teachers? Frontiers in Education, 50(4). doi: 10.3389/feduc.2019.00050 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2019.00050
- Gong, Zh. (2018). Research on the Effect of Positive Emotion Intervention on Employees’ Psychological Capital. Advances in Applied Sociology, 8, 646-657. doi: 10.4236/aasoci.2018.89038. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/aasoci.2018.89038
- Görgens-Ekermans, G., & Herbert, M. (2013). Psychological capital: Internal and external validity of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24) on a South African sample. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 39(2), Art. #1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v39i2.1131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v39i2.1131
- Hobfoll, S. (2002). Social and psychological resources and adaptation. Review of General Psychology, 6, 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1037//1089-2680.6.4.307 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.6.4.307
- Kamei, H., Ferreira, M.C., Valentini, F., Peres, M.F.P., Kamei, P.T. & Damasio, B.F. (2018). Psychological Capital Questionnaire – Short Version (PCQ-12): evidence of Validity of The Brazilian Version. Psico-USF, 23(2), 203-214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712018230202 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712018230202
- Lorenz, T., Beer, C., Pütz, J. & Heinitz, K. (2016). Measuring Psychological Capital: Construction and Validation of the Compound PsyCap Scale (CPC-12). PLoS One, 11(4): e0152892. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152892 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152892
- Luthans,F.& Youssef-Morgan, C.M. (2017). Psychological Capital: An Evidence-Based Positive Approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 339-366. doi 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113324 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113324
- Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B. & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541–572. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x
- Martynova, S. (2018). Modern Russian society in the context of antroposocietal approach. Annals of Anthropological Practice, 42(1), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/napa.12115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/napa.12115
- Martynova, S.E.& Evarovich, S.A. (2018). Participative HR-Technologies in the Governance of the Russian Regions. Space and Culture, India, 6(4), 36-47. https://doi.org/10.20896/saci.v6i4.384 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20896/saci.v6i4.384
- Martynova, S.E., Dmitriev, Y.G., Gajfullina, M.M. & Totskaya, Y.A. (2017). “Service†Municipal Administration as Part of the Development of Youth Entrepreneurship in Russia. Social Indicators Research, 133(3), 1151-1164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1406-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1406-2
- Nguyen, T. D.&Nguyen, T. T. M. (2012). Psychological capital, quality of work life, and quality of life of marketers: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Macromarketing, 32, 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146711422065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146711422065
- Peterson, S. J., Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O.& Zhang, Z. (2011). Psychological capital and employee performance: A latent growth modelling approach. Personnel Psychology, 64, 427–450. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01215.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01215.x
- Rego, A., Marques, C., Leal, S., Sousa, F.& Pina e Cunha, M. (2010). Psychological capital and performance of Portuguese civil servants: Exploring neutralizers in the context of an appraisal system. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, 1531–1552. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2010.488459 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2010.488459
- Shahnawaz, M.G., Jamee, S. & Abdurrahiman, A. (2018). Social Capital and Psychological Capital as Predictors of Performance and Wellbeing in the Indian Context. Defence Life Science Journal, 3(4), 348-355. DOI: 10.14429/dlsj.3.13399 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.3.13399
- Soraya Santana-Cardenas, S., Viseu, J., Lopez Nuñez, M.I. & De Jesus, S.N. (2018). 4Validity and reliability evidence of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire-12 in a sample of Mexican workers. Anales de PsicologÃa, 34(3), 562-570. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.34.3.319211 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t73107-000
- Takahashi, H., Ban, M. & Asada, M. (2016). 3Semantic Differential Scale Method Can Reveal Multi-Dimensional Aspects of Mind Perception. Frontiers in Psychology, 7: 1717. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01717
- Tosten, R., & Toprak, M. (2017). Positive psychological capital and emotional labor: A study in educational organizations. Cogent Education, 4(1), 1301012. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2017.1301012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2017.1301012
- Trofimov, A., Bondar, I., Trofimova, D., Miliutina, К.& Riabchych, І. (2016). Organizational commitment factors: role of employee work engagement Revista Espacios, 28(24), 18.
- Verleysen, B., Lambrechts, F. & Van Acker, F. (2015). Building Psychological Capital With Appreciative Inquiry: Investigating the Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 51(1), 10-35. DOI: 10.1177/0021886314540209 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886314540209
- Wang, Y., Tsai, Ch.-H., Tsai, F.-Sh., Huang, W. & de la Cruz, Sh. M. (2018). Antecedent and Consequences of Psychological Capital of Entrepreneurs. Sustainability, 10, 3717. doi:10.3390/su10103717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103717
- Williams, P., Kern, M.L. & Waters, L. (2015). A Longitudinal Examination of the Association Between Psychological Capital, Perception of Organizational Virtues and Work Happiness in School Staff. Psychology of Well-Being, 5, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13612-015-0032-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13612-015-0032-0
- Ziyae, B., Mobaraki, M.H. & Saeediyoun, M. (2015). The Effect of Psychological Capital on Innovation in Information Technology. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 5, 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-015-0024-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-015-0024-9
References
Avey,J. B., Luthans,F.&Jensen,S. M. (2009). Psychological capital: A positive resourcefor combating employee stress and turnover. Human Resource Management, 48(5), 677–693. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20294 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20294
Avey, J. B., Patera,J. L.&West,B. J. (2006). The implications of positive psychological capital on employee absenteeism. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 13(2), 42–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/10717919070130020401 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10717919070130020401
Avey, J. B., Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F. & Mhatre, K. H. (2011). A meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127–152. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070
Chen, X., Zeng, G., Chang, E.C. & Cheung, H.Y. (2019). What Are the Potential Predictors of Psychological Capital for Chinese Primary School Teachers? Frontiers in Education, 50(4). doi: 10.3389/feduc.2019.00050 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2019.00050
Gong, Zh. (2018). Research on the Effect of Positive Emotion Intervention on Employees’ Psychological Capital. Advances in Applied Sociology, 8, 646-657. doi: 10.4236/aasoci.2018.89038. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/aasoci.2018.89038
Görgens-Ekermans, G., & Herbert, M. (2013). Psychological capital: Internal and external validity of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24) on a South African sample. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 39(2), Art. #1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v39i2.1131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v39i2.1131
Hobfoll, S. (2002). Social and psychological resources and adaptation. Review of General Psychology, 6, 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1037//1089-2680.6.4.307 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.6.4.307
Kamei, H., Ferreira, M.C., Valentini, F., Peres, M.F.P., Kamei, P.T. & Damasio, B.F. (2018). Psychological Capital Questionnaire – Short Version (PCQ-12): evidence of Validity of The Brazilian Version. Psico-USF, 23(2), 203-214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712018230202 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712018230202
Lorenz, T., Beer, C., Pütz, J. & Heinitz, K. (2016). Measuring Psychological Capital: Construction and Validation of the Compound PsyCap Scale (CPC-12). PLoS One, 11(4): e0152892. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152892 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152892
Luthans,F.& Youssef-Morgan, C.M. (2017). Psychological Capital: An Evidence-Based Positive Approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 339-366. doi 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113324 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113324
Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B. & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541–572. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x
Martynova, S. (2018). Modern Russian society in the context of antroposocietal approach. Annals of Anthropological Practice, 42(1), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/napa.12115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/napa.12115
Martynova, S.E.& Evarovich, S.A. (2018). Participative HR-Technologies in the Governance of the Russian Regions. Space and Culture, India, 6(4), 36-47. https://doi.org/10.20896/saci.v6i4.384 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20896/saci.v6i4.384
Martynova, S.E., Dmitriev, Y.G., Gajfullina, M.M. & Totskaya, Y.A. (2017). “Service†Municipal Administration as Part of the Development of Youth Entrepreneurship in Russia. Social Indicators Research, 133(3), 1151-1164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1406-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1406-2
Nguyen, T. D.&Nguyen, T. T. M. (2012). Psychological capital, quality of work life, and quality of life of marketers: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Macromarketing, 32, 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146711422065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146711422065
Peterson, S. J., Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O.& Zhang, Z. (2011). Psychological capital and employee performance: A latent growth modelling approach. Personnel Psychology, 64, 427–450. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01215.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01215.x
Rego, A., Marques, C., Leal, S., Sousa, F.& Pina e Cunha, M. (2010). Psychological capital and performance of Portuguese civil servants: Exploring neutralizers in the context of an appraisal system. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, 1531–1552. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2010.488459 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2010.488459
Shahnawaz, M.G., Jamee, S. & Abdurrahiman, A. (2018). Social Capital and Psychological Capital as Predictors of Performance and Wellbeing in the Indian Context. Defence Life Science Journal, 3(4), 348-355. DOI: 10.14429/dlsj.3.13399 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.3.13399
Soraya Santana-Cardenas, S., Viseu, J., Lopez Nuñez, M.I. & De Jesus, S.N. (2018). 4Validity and reliability evidence of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire-12 in a sample of Mexican workers. Anales de PsicologÃa, 34(3), 562-570. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.34.3.319211 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t73107-000
Takahashi, H., Ban, M. & Asada, M. (2016). 3Semantic Differential Scale Method Can Reveal Multi-Dimensional Aspects of Mind Perception. Frontiers in Psychology, 7: 1717. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01717
Tosten, R., & Toprak, M. (2017). Positive psychological capital and emotional labor: A study in educational organizations. Cogent Education, 4(1), 1301012. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2017.1301012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2017.1301012
Trofimov, A., Bondar, I., Trofimova, D., Miliutina, К.& Riabchych, І. (2016). Organizational commitment factors: role of employee work engagement Revista Espacios, 28(24), 18.
Verleysen, B., Lambrechts, F. & Van Acker, F. (2015). Building Psychological Capital With Appreciative Inquiry: Investigating the Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 51(1), 10-35. DOI: 10.1177/0021886314540209 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886314540209
Wang, Y., Tsai, Ch.-H., Tsai, F.-Sh., Huang, W. & de la Cruz, Sh. M. (2018). Antecedent and Consequences of Psychological Capital of Entrepreneurs. Sustainability, 10, 3717. doi:10.3390/su10103717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103717
Williams, P., Kern, M.L. & Waters, L. (2015). A Longitudinal Examination of the Association Between Psychological Capital, Perception of Organizational Virtues and Work Happiness in School Staff. Psychology of Well-Being, 5, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13612-015-0032-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13612-015-0032-0
Ziyae, B., Mobaraki, M.H. & Saeediyoun, M. (2015). The Effect of Psychological Capital on Innovation in Information Technology. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 5, 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-015-0024-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-015-0024-9