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CINEMATOGRAPHY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE IDEOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF KEMALISM
Corresponding Author(s) : Rustam Izmaylov
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 5 (2019): September
Abstract
Purpose: The article deals with the politics of the Kemalists in the Republic of Turkey in the 1920s - 1930s, as well as the ways of indoctrination of the main political principles of this ideology. During this period, Turkey, under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, began radical changes affecting all spheres of society.
Methodology: The research given is based on the principles of science, historicism, and impartiality; moreover, historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-systematic methods of historical research are used.
Result: Having declared itself a secular state, focusing on the European level of development of those times, the Republican Turkey at the same time created its own system of national education, culture, language, ideology. This was facilitated by quite radical, largely authoritarian transformations. However, it is worth noting that the goal of the reforms was not widespread westernization of society, but the creation of a national Turkish state.
Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Cinematography as an element of the ideological system of Kemalism is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
Keywords
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- Antúnez, J. V. V. (2008). Ethos universitario y filosofÃa de la acción. REDHECS, 4(3), 1-11.
- Guseinov, A. (1978). Turkish cinema: history and contemporary problems. - М.:Nauka.
- Izmaylov, R., Fakhrutdinov, R., & Galimzyanova, L. (2017). Kemalism: The Term, Content, and Contemporary Visions. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6(4), 1253-1259. https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v6i4.1165 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v6i4.1165
- Kolesnikov, A. (1984). People’s houses in the socio-political and cultural life of the Republic of Turkey. - М.:Nauka.
- Lobão, J., & Pereira, C. (2016). Looking for Psychological Barriers in nine European Stock Market Indices. Dutch Journal of Finance and Management, 1(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.20897/lectito.201639 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20897/lectito.201639
- Lunacharsky, A. (1965). About the cinema. Articles. Sayings. Scripts. Documents. -М.
- Machado, A. D. B., Souza, M. J., & Catapan, A. H. (2019). Systematic Review: Intersection between Communication and Knowledge. Journal of Information Systems Engineering & Management, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.29333/jisem/5741 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/jisem/5741
- Mendes, I. A., & Silva, C. A. F. D. (2018). Problematization and Research as a Method of Teaching Mathematics. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 13(2), 41-55. https://doi.org/10.12973/iejme/2694 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/iejme/2694
- Özön, N. (1962). TürkSinemaTarihi. Istanbul: ArtistYayınları.
- Prozhiko, G. (2004). The concept of reality in the on-screen document. - М.:VGIК.
- Yazdekhasti, A., Erfan, N., & Nazari, N. (2015). Investigating the Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Social Adaptation among Girl High School Students in Shahreza City. UCT Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research, 3(1), 20-23.
- Medina, R. (2018). Cinematic Representations of Alzheimer’s Disease. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53371-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53371-5
- Drieu, C. (2019). Cinema, Nation, and Empire in Uzbekistan, 1919-1937. Indiana University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv9hvrpw DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv9hvrpw
- Posocco, L. (2018). Nationalism, Politics, and Museums in Turkey under the Justice and Development Party (AKP): The Case of the Panorama Museum 1453. Contemporary Southeastern Europe, 5(1), 35-55.
- Akser, M. (2018). Halit Refig's I Lost My Heart to a Turk: Woman, Islam and Modernity in Turkish Cinema. CINEJ Cinema Journal, 7(1), 5-29. https://doi.org/10.5195/CINEJ.2018.223 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5195/CINEJ.2018.223
- Nas, A. (2018). Introduction: Locating the Cultural Other in Turkey Through a Center–Periphery Dichotomy. In Media Representations of the Cultural Other in Turkey (pp. 1-25). Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78346-8_1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78346-8_1
- Çınar, Alev. "11-Opt431 Mutlu & Kocer-Cencorship of religion in Turkish films 2012." (2017).
- Dickinson, K. (2018). Zafer Şenocak’s “Turkish Turn†Acts of Crosslinguistic Remembrance in Köşk (The Pavilion). New German Critique, 45(2 (134)), 179-200. https://doi.org/10.1215/0094033X-6684233 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/0094033X-6684233
- KONUŞLU, F. (2019). MAKING THE CEMEVIS OF TUZLUÇAYIR: THE POSSIBLITIES OF AND LIMITS TO POLITICS OF COMMONS (Doctoral dissertation, MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY).
- Cesaro, A. C. (2015). TURKEY IN THE EYES OF THE ARABIAN GULF MONARCHIES: DISCUSSING THE IMAGE OF TURKEY THROUGH THREE GULF NEWS AGENCIES (Bachelor's thesis, Università Ca'Foscari Venezia).
- Aditama, A., Rachmanti, N. B., & Soekarba, S. R. (2019). THE PRACTICE OF SECULARISM IN RELIGIOUS CENCORSHIP IN TURKISH FILM (1939-1990). International Review of Humanities Studies, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.7454/irhs.v4i1.122 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7454/irhs.v4i1.122
- Yıldız, E. (2017). 6 Lost images, silenced past. The Politics of Culture in Turkey, Greece & Cyprus: Performing the Left Since the Sixties. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315690803-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315690803-7
- Hartley, P. D. G. (2017). Unfamiliar sounds in familiar settings: On the cosmopolitan labour of film composers in Istanbul (Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign).
References
Antúnez, J. V. V. (2008). Ethos universitario y filosofÃa de la acción. REDHECS, 4(3), 1-11.
Guseinov, A. (1978). Turkish cinema: history and contemporary problems. - М.:Nauka.
Izmaylov, R., Fakhrutdinov, R., & Galimzyanova, L. (2017). Kemalism: The Term, Content, and Contemporary Visions. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6(4), 1253-1259. https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v6i4.1165 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v6i4.1165
Kolesnikov, A. (1984). People’s houses in the socio-political and cultural life of the Republic of Turkey. - М.:Nauka.
Lobão, J., & Pereira, C. (2016). Looking for Psychological Barriers in nine European Stock Market Indices. Dutch Journal of Finance and Management, 1(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.20897/lectito.201639 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20897/lectito.201639
Lunacharsky, A. (1965). About the cinema. Articles. Sayings. Scripts. Documents. -М.
Machado, A. D. B., Souza, M. J., & Catapan, A. H. (2019). Systematic Review: Intersection between Communication and Knowledge. Journal of Information Systems Engineering & Management, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.29333/jisem/5741 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/jisem/5741
Mendes, I. A., & Silva, C. A. F. D. (2018). Problematization and Research as a Method of Teaching Mathematics. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 13(2), 41-55. https://doi.org/10.12973/iejme/2694 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/iejme/2694
Özön, N. (1962). TürkSinemaTarihi. Istanbul: ArtistYayınları.
Prozhiko, G. (2004). The concept of reality in the on-screen document. - М.:VGIК.
Yazdekhasti, A., Erfan, N., & Nazari, N. (2015). Investigating the Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Social Adaptation among Girl High School Students in Shahreza City. UCT Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research, 3(1), 20-23.
Medina, R. (2018). Cinematic Representations of Alzheimer’s Disease. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53371-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53371-5
Drieu, C. (2019). Cinema, Nation, and Empire in Uzbekistan, 1919-1937. Indiana University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv9hvrpw DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv9hvrpw
Posocco, L. (2018). Nationalism, Politics, and Museums in Turkey under the Justice and Development Party (AKP): The Case of the Panorama Museum 1453. Contemporary Southeastern Europe, 5(1), 35-55.
Akser, M. (2018). Halit Refig's I Lost My Heart to a Turk: Woman, Islam and Modernity in Turkish Cinema. CINEJ Cinema Journal, 7(1), 5-29. https://doi.org/10.5195/CINEJ.2018.223 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5195/CINEJ.2018.223
Nas, A. (2018). Introduction: Locating the Cultural Other in Turkey Through a Center–Periphery Dichotomy. In Media Representations of the Cultural Other in Turkey (pp. 1-25). Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78346-8_1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78346-8_1
Çınar, Alev. "11-Opt431 Mutlu & Kocer-Cencorship of religion in Turkish films 2012." (2017).
Dickinson, K. (2018). Zafer Şenocak’s “Turkish Turn†Acts of Crosslinguistic Remembrance in Köşk (The Pavilion). New German Critique, 45(2 (134)), 179-200. https://doi.org/10.1215/0094033X-6684233 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/0094033X-6684233
KONUŞLU, F. (2019). MAKING THE CEMEVIS OF TUZLUÇAYIR: THE POSSIBLITIES OF AND LIMITS TO POLITICS OF COMMONS (Doctoral dissertation, MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY).
Cesaro, A. C. (2015). TURKEY IN THE EYES OF THE ARABIAN GULF MONARCHIES: DISCUSSING THE IMAGE OF TURKEY THROUGH THREE GULF NEWS AGENCIES (Bachelor's thesis, Università Ca'Foscari Venezia).
Aditama, A., Rachmanti, N. B., & Soekarba, S. R. (2019). THE PRACTICE OF SECULARISM IN RELIGIOUS CENCORSHIP IN TURKISH FILM (1939-1990). International Review of Humanities Studies, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.7454/irhs.v4i1.122 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7454/irhs.v4i1.122
Yıldız, E. (2017). 6 Lost images, silenced past. The Politics of Culture in Turkey, Greece & Cyprus: Performing the Left Since the Sixties. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315690803-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315690803-7
Hartley, P. D. G. (2017). Unfamiliar sounds in familiar settings: On the cosmopolitan labour of film composers in Istanbul (Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign).