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PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH DECISION-MAKING STYLES AMONG AL-AZHAR TEACHERS
Corresponding Author(s) : Mohamed Sayed Mohamed Abdellatif
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020): March
Abstract
Purpose: The research aimed to identify the relationship between psychological empowerment and decision-making Styles among Al-Azhar teachers. The research also aimed to identify the differences in teachers' levels on the (psychological empowerment and decision-making styles) scale according to the variable (gender).
Methodology: The research sample consisted of (556) male and female teachers in Al-Azhar. The research tools included a psychological empowerment scale and decision-making styles scale. The researcher used descriptive methods. To process the results and validate the hypotheses, the researcher used the correlation coefficients and t-test.
Main Findings: The results show that there is a positive relationship between psychological empowerment and decision-making styles. There is a negative correlation between the dimensions of psychological empowerment and decision-making styles. The results indicated a statistically significant difference in psychological empowerment due to gender in favor of males. Lastly, there is no statistically significant difference due to gender in the (intuitive) style.
Implication: Psychological empowerment should be utilized to raise the decision-making styles of university students.
Novelty: This is a first attempt to explore the psychological empowerment of the decision-making styles of university students in Egypt which may be further explored to enrich the students’ understanding.
Keywords
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- Abu Tohme, N., &Ashour, M. (2016). The role of the principals of public schools within the red line in the empowerment of teachers and its relationship to some demographic variables from the teachers point of view. Jordan Journal of Educational Sciences, 12 (2), 255-267.
- Al-Harahsheh, M., & Al-Hiti, S. (2006). The Impact of Administrative Empowerment and Organizational Support on Creative Behavior as Seen by JTC Employees: An Empirical Study. Management Science Studies, 33 (2), 240-266.
- Al-Humaidi, M. (2016). Career Empowerment and its Relationship with Organizational Loyalty among Faculty Members of the Faculty of Education, Taif University. International Specialized Educational Journal, 5 (4), 236-266. https://doi.org/10.12816/0035703 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12816/0035703
- Al-Najjar, H. Z. (2018). The relative contribution of decision-making styless, cognitive flexibility and social self-efficacy in predicting the wisdom of university students. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Benha University, 29 (113), 537-601.
- Al-Narsh, H. I. & Abu Al-Enain, I. (2014). The relative contribution of constructive thinking, general intelligence and the five major personality factors to the decision-making ability of general education teachers. Journal of the Faculty of Education Al-Azhar University, 161 (3), 793-855.
- Arogundade, O. &Arogundade, A. (2015). Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace: Implications for Employees' Career Satisfaction. North American Journal of Psychology, 1, 27-36.
- Baiocco, R., Laghi, F.,&Dalessio, M. (2009). Decision- making styles among adolescents: Relationship with sensation seeking and locus of control. Journal of Adolescence, (32), 963-976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.08.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.08.003
- Barber, L. (2005). Decision-Making Styles Associated with Adolescent Risk-Taking Behavior. A Senior Honors Thesis, Ohio University. Undergraduate College.
- Batool, S. &Batool, S. (2017). Construction and Validation of Global Psychological Empowerment Scale for Women. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 15(1), 3-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t68675-000
- Bryant, P.(2006). The role of self-regulation in decision making by entrepreneurs. PhD., Macquarie Graduate School of Management, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
- Devos, G., Tuytens, M.&Hulpia, H. (2014). Teachers' organizational commitment: Examining the mediating effects of distributed leadership. American Journal of Education, 120, 205-231. https://doi.org/10.1086/674370 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/674370
- Gallotti, K., Cincr, E.,Altenbaumer, H., Greets, H. Rupp, A., &Woulfe, J. (2006). Decision-making styles in a real -life decision: Choosing a college major. Journal of lndividual Differences, 41,629-639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.003
- Gambetti, E., Bensi, L. &Tonetti, L. (2008). A contribution to Italian validation of the General Decision-Making StylesInventory. Journal of Individual Differences, 44, 842-852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.10.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.10.017
- Gati, I., Landman, S., Davidovitch, S., Peretz, L.&Gadassi, R. (2010). From career decision-making styles to career decision- making profiles: A multidimensional approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior,76(2), 277-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.11.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.11.001
- Halim, C. (2017). Psychological empowerment of faculty members and their assistants at Zagazig University and its relationship to job satisfaction. Journal of the Faculty of Education in Zagazig, 95 (1), 57-118.
- Hosseini, H., Etebarian A.,Zamani, N. (2013). The Relationship between Employees Stylesof thinking styles and Decision Making styles. International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management,15(1), 152- 161.
- Itamar, G., Shiri, L., Shlomit, D., Lisa,A.&Reuma, G.(2010). From career decision-making styles to career decision-making profiles: A multidimensional approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, (76), 277-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.11.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.11.001
- Jafri, M. (2018). Moderating Role of Job Autonomy and Supervisor Support in Trait Emotional Intelligence and Employee Creativity Relationship. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262918785960
- Javed, B., Khan, K. Bashir, S. &Arjoon, S. (2017). Impact of ethical leadership on creativity: the role of psychological empowerment. Journal Current Issues in Tourism, 8(20), 839-851. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1188894 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1188894
- Khashaba, F.A. & Al-Badiwi, A (2018). The level of psychological empowerment of faculty members and their assistants in relation to their spiritual intelligence and innovative thinking. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Benha University, 19 (116), 208-334.
- Knight-Turvey, N. (2006). Influencing Employee Innovation Through Structural Empowerment Initiatives: The need to Feel Empowered. Entrepreneurship Theory and practice, 30(3), 313-324.
- Mau, C. (2000). Cultural differences in career decision¬making styles and self-efficacy. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57, 365-368. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1745 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1745
- Moran, K. A. (2015). Teacher empowerment: School administrators leading teachers to lead. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Youngstown State University.
- Nawajha, Z. A. H. (2016). Psychological empowerment and life orientation among a sample of primary stage teachers. Al-Quds Open University Journal for Educational and Psychological Research and Studies, 4 (15), 283 - 316. https://doi.org/10.12816/0039303 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12816/0039303
- Oladipo, S. (2009). Psychological Empowerment and Development. Edo Journal of Counseling, 2(1), 119-126. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejc.v2i1.52661 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ejc.v2i1.52661
- Olcum, D. &Titrekb, O.(2015). The Effect of School Administrators’ Decision-Making Styles on Teacher Job Satisfaction. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197, 1936-1946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.575 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.575
- Ozaralh, N. (2015). Linking empowering leader to creativity: the moderating role of psychological (felt) empowerment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 181, 366-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.899 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.899
- Polat, Åž., Kutlu, L., Ay, F., Sevim, E.&Habibe, A.(2019). Decision-making styles, anxiety levels, and critical thinking levels of nurses. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 16(3), 309-321. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12240 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12240
- Quinones, M., Broeck, A.& Witte, H. (2013). Do job resources affect work engagement via psychological empowerment? A mediation analysis. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, (29), 127-134. https://doi.org/10.5093/tr2013a18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5093/tr2013a18
- Salo, I. & Allwood, C. (2001). Decision-making styles, stress and gender among investigators. An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 34 (1), 97-119. https://doi.org/10.1108/13639511111106632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13639511111106632
- Scott, S.& Bruce, R. (1995). Decision-making style: The development and assessment of a new measure. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55(5), 818-831. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164495055005017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164495055005017
- Shaban, A. S. (2013). Self-regulation as a predictor of managers' decision-making styles. Journal of Psychological Studies, 23 (4), 377-410.
- Singh, K. &Kaur, S. (2019). Psychological Empowerment of Teachers: Development and Validation of Multi-dimensional scale. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 65,340-343.
- Khastari,S.&Asgari, P. (2019).Relationship between Emotional Regulation, Resiliency and Self-Efficacy with Emotional Creativity of Painting Artists in Ahwaz.Community Health, 6(2), 2423-4702.
- Spreitzer, G.& Mishra, A. (1999). Giving up control without Losing control. Group & Organization Management, 24 (2), 155-187. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601199242003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601199242003
- Spreitzer, G. (1995). Psychological Empowerment in workplace: dimensions, measurement and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465. https://doi.org/10.5465/256865 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256865
- Thunholm,P. (2004). Decision-making styles: habit, stylesor both?Journal of Individual Differences, (36),931-944. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00162-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00162-4
- Tindowen, D.(2019). Influence of Empowerment on Teachers’ Organizational Behaviors. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(2), 617-631. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.2.617 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.2.617
- Zorlu, O., Avan, A. &Baytok. A. (2019). The Effect of Servant Leadership on Psychological Empowerment and Organizational Identification. Journal of Business Research-Turk, 11(1), 293-309. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2019.600 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2019.600
References
Abu Tohme, N., &Ashour, M. (2016). The role of the principals of public schools within the red line in the empowerment of teachers and its relationship to some demographic variables from the teachers point of view. Jordan Journal of Educational Sciences, 12 (2), 255-267.
Al-Harahsheh, M., & Al-Hiti, S. (2006). The Impact of Administrative Empowerment and Organizational Support on Creative Behavior as Seen by JTC Employees: An Empirical Study. Management Science Studies, 33 (2), 240-266.
Al-Humaidi, M. (2016). Career Empowerment and its Relationship with Organizational Loyalty among Faculty Members of the Faculty of Education, Taif University. International Specialized Educational Journal, 5 (4), 236-266. https://doi.org/10.12816/0035703 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12816/0035703
Al-Najjar, H. Z. (2018). The relative contribution of decision-making styless, cognitive flexibility and social self-efficacy in predicting the wisdom of university students. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Benha University, 29 (113), 537-601.
Al-Narsh, H. I. & Abu Al-Enain, I. (2014). The relative contribution of constructive thinking, general intelligence and the five major personality factors to the decision-making ability of general education teachers. Journal of the Faculty of Education Al-Azhar University, 161 (3), 793-855.
Arogundade, O. &Arogundade, A. (2015). Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace: Implications for Employees' Career Satisfaction. North American Journal of Psychology, 1, 27-36.
Baiocco, R., Laghi, F.,&Dalessio, M. (2009). Decision- making styles among adolescents: Relationship with sensation seeking and locus of control. Journal of Adolescence, (32), 963-976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.08.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.08.003
Barber, L. (2005). Decision-Making Styles Associated with Adolescent Risk-Taking Behavior. A Senior Honors Thesis, Ohio University. Undergraduate College.
Batool, S. &Batool, S. (2017). Construction and Validation of Global Psychological Empowerment Scale for Women. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 15(1), 3-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t68675-000
Bryant, P.(2006). The role of self-regulation in decision making by entrepreneurs. PhD., Macquarie Graduate School of Management, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Devos, G., Tuytens, M.&Hulpia, H. (2014). Teachers' organizational commitment: Examining the mediating effects of distributed leadership. American Journal of Education, 120, 205-231. https://doi.org/10.1086/674370 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/674370
Gallotti, K., Cincr, E.,Altenbaumer, H., Greets, H. Rupp, A., &Woulfe, J. (2006). Decision-making styles in a real -life decision: Choosing a college major. Journal of lndividual Differences, 41,629-639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.003
Gambetti, E., Bensi, L. &Tonetti, L. (2008). A contribution to Italian validation of the General Decision-Making StylesInventory. Journal of Individual Differences, 44, 842-852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.10.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.10.017
Gati, I., Landman, S., Davidovitch, S., Peretz, L.&Gadassi, R. (2010). From career decision-making styles to career decision- making profiles: A multidimensional approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior,76(2), 277-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.11.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.11.001
Halim, C. (2017). Psychological empowerment of faculty members and their assistants at Zagazig University and its relationship to job satisfaction. Journal of the Faculty of Education in Zagazig, 95 (1), 57-118.
Hosseini, H., Etebarian A.,Zamani, N. (2013). The Relationship between Employees Stylesof thinking styles and Decision Making styles. International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management,15(1), 152- 161.
Itamar, G., Shiri, L., Shlomit, D., Lisa,A.&Reuma, G.(2010). From career decision-making styles to career decision-making profiles: A multidimensional approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, (76), 277-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.11.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.11.001
Jafri, M. (2018). Moderating Role of Job Autonomy and Supervisor Support in Trait Emotional Intelligence and Employee Creativity Relationship. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262918785960
Javed, B., Khan, K. Bashir, S. &Arjoon, S. (2017). Impact of ethical leadership on creativity: the role of psychological empowerment. Journal Current Issues in Tourism, 8(20), 839-851. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1188894 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1188894
Khashaba, F.A. & Al-Badiwi, A (2018). The level of psychological empowerment of faculty members and their assistants in relation to their spiritual intelligence and innovative thinking. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Benha University, 19 (116), 208-334.
Knight-Turvey, N. (2006). Influencing Employee Innovation Through Structural Empowerment Initiatives: The need to Feel Empowered. Entrepreneurship Theory and practice, 30(3), 313-324.
Mau, C. (2000). Cultural differences in career decision¬making styles and self-efficacy. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57, 365-368. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1745 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1745
Moran, K. A. (2015). Teacher empowerment: School administrators leading teachers to lead. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Youngstown State University.
Nawajha, Z. A. H. (2016). Psychological empowerment and life orientation among a sample of primary stage teachers. Al-Quds Open University Journal for Educational and Psychological Research and Studies, 4 (15), 283 - 316. https://doi.org/10.12816/0039303 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12816/0039303
Oladipo, S. (2009). Psychological Empowerment and Development. Edo Journal of Counseling, 2(1), 119-126. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejc.v2i1.52661 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ejc.v2i1.52661
Olcum, D. &Titrekb, O.(2015). The Effect of School Administrators’ Decision-Making Styles on Teacher Job Satisfaction. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197, 1936-1946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.575 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.575
Ozaralh, N. (2015). Linking empowering leader to creativity: the moderating role of psychological (felt) empowerment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 181, 366-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.899 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.899
Polat, Åž., Kutlu, L., Ay, F., Sevim, E.&Habibe, A.(2019). Decision-making styles, anxiety levels, and critical thinking levels of nurses. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 16(3), 309-321. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12240 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12240
Quinones, M., Broeck, A.& Witte, H. (2013). Do job resources affect work engagement via psychological empowerment? A mediation analysis. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, (29), 127-134. https://doi.org/10.5093/tr2013a18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5093/tr2013a18
Salo, I. & Allwood, C. (2001). Decision-making styles, stress and gender among investigators. An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 34 (1), 97-119. https://doi.org/10.1108/13639511111106632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13639511111106632
Scott, S.& Bruce, R. (1995). Decision-making style: The development and assessment of a new measure. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55(5), 818-831. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164495055005017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164495055005017
Shaban, A. S. (2013). Self-regulation as a predictor of managers' decision-making styles. Journal of Psychological Studies, 23 (4), 377-410.
Singh, K. &Kaur, S. (2019). Psychological Empowerment of Teachers: Development and Validation of Multi-dimensional scale. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 65,340-343.
Khastari,S.&Asgari, P. (2019).Relationship between Emotional Regulation, Resiliency and Self-Efficacy with Emotional Creativity of Painting Artists in Ahwaz.Community Health, 6(2), 2423-4702.
Spreitzer, G.& Mishra, A. (1999). Giving up control without Losing control. Group & Organization Management, 24 (2), 155-187. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601199242003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601199242003
Spreitzer, G. (1995). Psychological Empowerment in workplace: dimensions, measurement and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465. https://doi.org/10.5465/256865 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256865
Thunholm,P. (2004). Decision-making styles: habit, stylesor both?Journal of Individual Differences, (36),931-944. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00162-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00162-4
Tindowen, D.(2019). Influence of Empowerment on Teachers’ Organizational Behaviors. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(2), 617-631. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.2.617 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.2.617
Zorlu, O., Avan, A. &Baytok. A. (2019). The Effect of Servant Leadership on Psychological Empowerment and Organizational Identification. Journal of Business Research-Turk, 11(1), 293-309. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2019.600 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2019.600