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HUMANISTIC APPROACH TO PRINCIPAL’S LEADERSHIP AND ITS IMPACTS IN CHARACTER EDUCATION STRENGTHENING
Corresponding Author(s) : Yulius Rustan Effendi
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020): March
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This paper aims to describe the basic reasons behind the application of the principal's humanistic approach, and the steps of the principal's humanistic approach to optimizing character education strengthening programs.
Methodology: This research uses a qualitative approach, case study design. Data collection is done through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and study documentation to achieve research objectives.
Main Findings: Research findings reveal that personal excellence (integrity, wholeness, and authenticity) and the humanistic spirituality of inspirational figures inspire the principal's humanistic approach. In addition, the application of the principal's humanistic approach has a significant impact on optimizing the implementation of character education strengthening in schools and successfully forming the character of students.
Applications of this study: This study can be useful for principals in the education department of Malang City, East Java, Indonesia, to use a humanistic approach model in carrying out leadership roles, because it has been proven effective in optimizing the implementation of optimizing character education strengthening programs in schools.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The principal's role is to create a "humane" school environment through harmonious relationships, respecting subordinates as human beings, tolerant and non-discriminatory, giving examples of good behavior to subordinates based on self-excellence and imitating the spirituality of inspirational figures, so that good characters are formed in the teachers and students at school.
Keywords
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- Acevedo, A. (2011). Personalist Business Ethics and Humanistic Management: Insights from Jacques Maritain. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(2), 197–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0959-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0959-x
- Aloni, N. (2011). Humanistic Education: From Theory to Practice. In W. Veugelers (Ed.), Education and Humanism: Linking Autonomy And Humanity (pp. 35–46). Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-577-2_3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-577-2_3
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- Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Gupta, R. (2003). Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between the Five-Factor Model of Personality and Holland's Occupational Types. Personnel Psychology, 56 (1), 45-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2003.tb00143.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2003.tb00143.x
- Blanchard, S. Essary V., Zigarmi, D., & Houson, S. (2006). The leadership–Profit Chain. Defining the importance of Leadership Capacity. The Ken Blanchard Companies.Global Head Quarter. www.kenblanchard.com (29 Jan 2019).
- Bogdan, R., C. dan Biklen, S. K. (1998). Qualitatif Research for Education: An Introduction To Theory And Methods. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.Inc.
- Colbert, B. A., Nicholson, J., & Kurucz, E. C. (2018). Humanistic Leadership for Sustainable Transformation. Evolving Leadership for Collective Wellbeing, Emerald Insight, 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2058-880120180000007004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2058-880120180000007004
- Cowan, D. A. (2007). Artistic Undertones of Humanistic Leadership Education. Journal of Management Education, 31(2), 156–180. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562905285099 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562905285099
- Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, Inc.
- Davila, A., & Elvira, M., M. (2012). Humanistic Leadership: Lessons From Latin America. Journal of World Business, 47(4), 548-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2012.01.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2012.01.008
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- Dehler, G. E., & Welsh, M. A. (1994). Spirituality and Organizational Transformation: Implications for The New Management Paradigm. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 9, 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683949410070179 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683949410070179
- Dehler, G. E., & Welsh, M. A. (1994). Spirituality and organizational Transformation: Implications for the New Management Paradigm. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 9(6), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683949410070179 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683949410070179
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- Gage, N., & Berliner, D. (1991). Educational Psychology (5th ed.). Boston: Houghton, Mifflin.
- Hartoko, D. (1989). Memanusiakan Manusia Muda. Yogyakarta: Gunung Mulia.
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- Lickona, T. (1996). Raising Good Children: From Birth Through The Teenage Years. New York: Bantam Books.
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References
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Aloni, N. (2011). Humanistic Education: From Theory to Practice. In W. Veugelers (Ed.), Education and Humanism: Linking Autonomy And Humanity (pp. 35–46). Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-577-2_3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-577-2_3
Ashmos, D. P., & Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at Work. Spirituality at work: A Conceptualization and Measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134–145. https://doi.org/10.1177/105649260092008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/105649260092008
Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Gupta, R. (2003). Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between the Five-Factor Model of Personality and Holland's Occupational Types. Personnel Psychology, 56 (1), 45-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2003.tb00143.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2003.tb00143.x
Blanchard, S. Essary V., Zigarmi, D., & Houson, S. (2006). The leadership–Profit Chain. Defining the importance of Leadership Capacity. The Ken Blanchard Companies.Global Head Quarter. www.kenblanchard.com (29 Jan 2019).
Bogdan, R., C. dan Biklen, S. K. (1998). Qualitatif Research for Education: An Introduction To Theory And Methods. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.Inc.
Colbert, B. A., Nicholson, J., & Kurucz, E. C. (2018). Humanistic Leadership for Sustainable Transformation. Evolving Leadership for Collective Wellbeing, Emerald Insight, 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2058-880120180000007004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2058-880120180000007004
Cowan, D. A. (2007). Artistic Undertones of Humanistic Leadership Education. Journal of Management Education, 31(2), 156–180. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562905285099 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562905285099
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Davila, A., & Elvira, M., M. (2012). Humanistic Leadership: Lessons From Latin America. Journal of World Business, 47(4), 548-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2012.01.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2012.01.008
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Dehler, G. E., & Welsh, M. A. (1994). Spirituality and Organizational Transformation: Implications for The New Management Paradigm. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 9, 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683949410070179 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683949410070179
Dehler, G. E., & Welsh, M. A. (1994). Spirituality and organizational Transformation: Implications for the New Management Paradigm. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 9(6), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683949410070179 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683949410070179
De Groot, M. B. A. (2011). Language And Cognition In Bilinguals And Multilinguals: An Introduction. New York, Psychology Press. Pp. Vii, 514. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203841228 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203841228
Dewantara, Ki H. (1977). Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Majelis Luhur Persatuan Taman Siswa.
Dierksmeier, C. (2016). What is ‘Humanistic’ About Humanistic Management?. Humanist Management Journal, 1 (1), 9–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41463-016-0002-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41463-016-0002-6
Dohmen, J. (2003). Philosophers on the ‘Art of Living’. Journal Of Happiness Studies, 4(4), 351-371. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOHS.0000005772.71260.03 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOHS.0000005772.71260.03
Endah, S. ( 2012). Implementasi Kurikulum Pendidikan Karakter. Yogyakarta: Citra AjiParama.
Freire, P. (1978). A Pedagogy for Liberation: Dialogues on Transforming Education. The United State America: Bergins & Garvey Publishers, Inc.
Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a Theory of Spiritual Leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693-728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001
Gage, N., & Berliner, D. (1991). Educational Psychology (5th ed.). Boston: Houghton, Mifflin.
Hartoko, D. (1989). Memanusiakan Manusia Muda. Yogyakarta: Gunung Mulia.
Haynes, K.T., Hitt, M.A., & Campbell, J.T. (2015), The Dark Side of Leadership: Toward a Midrange Theory of Hubris and Greed in Entrepreneurial Contexts. Journal of Management Studies, 52, 479–505. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12127 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12127
Holy Bible. (2011). Genesis 1:27 New International Version (NIV). By Biblica, Inc. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+1&version=NIV, accessed on July 20, 2019.
Holy Bible. (2011). John 15:4 New International Version (NIV). By Biblica, Inc. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John, accessed on July 20, 2019.
Jingna, D. (2012). Application of Humanism Theory in the Teaching Approach. Higher Education of Social Science, 3(1), 32-36.
Kasali, R. (2017). Disruption: Nothing Can Be Changed Before Motivation Is Not Enough. Jakarta: Gramedia PustakaUtama.
Koesoema, D. A. (2010). Character Education: Strategies to Educate Children in the Global Age. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Koesoema, D. A. (2015). Character Education Strategy, Mental Revolution in Educational Institutions. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Konz, G. & Ryan, F. (1999). Maintaining an Organizational Spirituality: No Easy Task. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(3), 200-210. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534819910273865 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09534819910273865
Leutner, F., Ahmetoglu, G., Akhtar, R., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2014). The Relationship Between The Entrepreneurial Personality and The Big Five Personality Traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 63, 58-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.042 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.042
Lickona, T. (1996). Raising Good Children: From Birth Through The Teenage Years. New York: Bantam Books.
Maslow, A. (1969). New introduction: Religions, Values, and Peak-Experiences. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 1(1), 83-90.
Melé, D. (2016). Understanding Humanistic Management. Humanistic Management Journal, 1(1), 33-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41463-016-0011-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41463-016-0011-5
Miles, M., B., Huberman, A., M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: a Methods Sourcebook. (Third Edition). Arizona State University: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Mutrofin. (2007). Otokritik Pendidikan; Gagasan-gagasan Evaluatif. Yogyakarta: Laks Bang PRES Sindo.
Nava, R, G. (2001). Holistic Education: Pedagogy of Universal Love. Brandon: Holistic Education Press.
Nemiroff, G. H. (1992). Reconstructing Education: Toward a Pedagogy of Critical Humanism. New York, NY: Bergin & Garvey.
Nida-Rümelin, J. (2009). Philosophical Grounds of Humanism in Economics. In H. Spitzeck, M. Pirson, W. Amann, S. Khan & E. von Kimakowitz (Eds.), Humanism in Business, (pp. 15-25). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808395.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808395.003
Patteron, C. H. (1987). What Has Happened to Humanistic Education? Michigan Journal of Counseling and Development, 18 (1), 8-10.
Peus, C., & Frey, D. (2009). Humanism at Work: Crucial Organizational Cultures and Leadership Principles. In H. Spitzeck, M. Pirson, W. Amann, S. Khan, & E. Von Kimakowitz, Humanism in Business, (pp. 260-277). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pirson, M. (2017). Editorial: Welcome to the Humanistic Management Journal. Humanistic Management Journal, 1(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41463-016-0001-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41463-016-0001-7
Robbins. I. (2002) From the Academy of Management's August 5, 2003. Management, Spirituality, and Religion Interest Group's Proposed Minutes, (pp.5-39).
Rogers, C., & Freiberg, H. J. (1994). Freedom To Learn (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan/Merrill.
Sahenk, S. S. (2010). Characteristics of The Headmasters, Teachers, and Students in an Effective School. Innovation and Creativity in Education, 2 (2), 4298-4304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.682 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.682
Sass, J. S. (2000). Characterizing Organizational Spirituality: An Organizational Communication Culture Approach. Communication Studies, 51, 195–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510970009388520 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10510970009388520
Schaps, E., Battistich, V., & Solomon, D. (2004). Community in School as Key to Student Growth: Findings from the Child Development Project. In J. E. Zins, R. P. Weissberg, M. C. Wang, & H. J. Walberg (Eds.), Building academic success on social and emotional learning: What does the research say? (p. 189–205). Teachers College Press.
Solaja, O. M., Idowu, F. E., & James, A. E. (2016). Exploring the relationship between leadership communication style, personality trait and organizational productivity. Serbian Journal of Management, 11(1), 99-117. https://doi.org/10.5937/sjm11-8480 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/sjm11-8480
Stiefel, R. T. (1975). Towards a More Humanistic Approach in Management Education. Management Education and Development, 6(3), 156–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/135050767500600303 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/135050767500600303
The Ministry of Education and Culture. (2010). Development of National Culture and Character Education. Jakarta: Secretariat Team.
The Ministry of Education and Culture. (2016). Guidelines for Strengthening Character Education. Jakarta: Secretariat Team.
The Ministry of Education and Culture. (2017). Strengthening Character Education; Training Module for Principals. Jakarta: Secretariat Team.
Veugelers, W., & Kat, E. de (2002). Student Voice in School Leadership: Promoting Dialogue About Students’ Views on Teaching. Journal of School Leadership, 12(1), 97-108. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268460201200105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/105268460201200105
Veugelers, W. (2007). Creating Critical-Democratic Citizenship Education: Empowering Humanity and Democracy in Dutch Education. Compare, 37(1), 105-119. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920601061893 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920601061893
Waddock, S. (2016). Developing Humanistic Leadership Education. Humanist Management Journal, 1, 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41463-016-0003-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41463-016-0003-5
Wahjosumidjo. (1999). Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, Tinjauan Teoretik dan Permasalahannya. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Wawancara dengan Suster Kepala SMP Santa Maria II-Malang, pada 25 Oktober 2018.
Wawancara dengan Suster Kepala SMP Sang Timur-Malang, pada 20 Mei 2019.
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