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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GENDER EDUCATION BETWEEN PKS INDONESIA AND MUSLIM LEAGUE INDIA
Corresponding Author(s) : Gonda Yumitro
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020): March
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This paper compares the gender education conducted by two Islamic political parties in Indonesia and India represented by PKS (Prosperous and Justice Party) and the Muslim League. This comparative is essential since both countries face inequality in gender issues, and both parties claim as Islamic representation.
Methodology: This research is a comparative study model by the interviews and survey-based collecting data methodology. The object of this research is the leader of PKS and Muslim Leagues. The data were analysed and discussed with various literature reviews to perform the similarities and differences in gender education playing by both parties.
Main Findings: Both PKS and the Muslim League have a concern about women’s education and participation in the public sphere and have done some programs and establishing some infrastructure to gain their goals. However, since Indonesia and India have different cultural and political backgrounds, gender education in Indonesia has fewer constraints than the India case.
Applications of this study: This study is helpful for the particular political parties to evaluate their programs in gender education. Moreover, it also will inspire the other to optimize the participation of women in public areas.
Novelty/Originality of this study: No research has been conducted on the comparative study of gender education between PKS in Indonesia and Muslim league in India.
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- Abusharaf, A. (2006). Women in islamic communities: the quest for gender justice research. Human Rights Quarterly, 28(3), 714–728. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2006.0027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2006.0027
- Arimbi, D. A. (2009). Gender issues and islam in contemporary indonesia. In Reading Contemporary Indonesian Muslim Women Writers (Issue May 2019, pp. 54–74). Amsterdam University Press.
- Banerjee, S. (1999). Warriors in politics: religious nationalism, masculine hinduism and the shiv sena in bombay. Women and Politics, 20(3), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1300/J014v20n03_01 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J014v20n03_01
- Brenner, S. (2011). Private moralities in the public sphere: democratization, islam, and gender in indonesia. American Anthropologist, 113(3), 478–490. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1433.2010.01355.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1433.2010.01355.x
- Budianta, M. (2006). Decentralizing engagements: women and the democratization process in indonesia. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 31(4), 915–923. https://doi.org/10.1086/504338 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/504338
- Burlet, S. (1999). Gender relations, “hindu†nationalism, and ngo responses in india. Gender and Development, 7(1), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/741922940 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/741922940
- Desai, S., & Temsah, G. (2018). Muslim and hindu women’s public and private behaviors: gender, family, and communalized politics in india Author(s): Demography, 51(6), 2307–2332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-014-0319-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-014-0319-4
- Habib, I., Khan, I. A., & Singh, K. P. (1976). Social scientist problems of the muslim minority in india. Social Scientist, 4(11), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.2307/3516200 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3516200
- Hughes, A. W. (2012). Theorizing islam: disciplinary deconstruction and reconstruction. In Aaron W. Hughes (Ed.), Routledge (Vol. 53, Issue 9). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
- Kumari, R. (2018). Creating political space for women in south asia. In Gender and Politics (pp. 77–106). Verlag Barbara Budrich. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvddzq1d.8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvddzq1d.8
- Machmudi, Y. (2008). A vision of shariah – led prosperity : pks attitudes to the implementation of islamic law. In Islamising Indonesia (pp. 191–215). ANU Press.
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. In Qualitative Data Analysis. Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-013-0700-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-013-0700-5
- Moaddelt, M. (1998). Religion and women : islamic modernism versus fundamentalism. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37(1), 108–130. https://doi.org/10.2307/1388032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1388032
- Rinaldo, R. (2008a). Envisioning the nation : women activists , religion and the public sphere in indonesia. Social Forces, 86(4), 1781–1804. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.0.0043 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.0.0043
- Rinaldo, R. (2008b). Muslim women, middle class habitus, and modernity in indonesia. Contemporary Islam, 2(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-007-0035-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-007-0035-6
- Robinson, F. (2011). Islamic reform and modernities in south asia. Islamic Reform in South Asia, 42(2), 26–50. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139382786.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139382786.003
- Subramanian, N. (2008). Legal change and gender inequality: changes in muslim family law in india. Law and Social Inquiry, 33(3), 631–672. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2008.00117.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2008.00117.x
- Tomsa, D. (2012). Moderating islamism in indonesia: tracing patterns of party change in the prosperous justice party. Political Research Quarterly, 65(3), 486–498. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912911404566 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912911404566
- Vatuk, S. (2011). Islamic feminism in india: indian muslim women activists and the reform of muslim personal law. Islamic Reform in South Asia, 42(2), 346–382. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139382786.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139382786.014
References
Abusharaf, A. (2006). Women in islamic communities: the quest for gender justice research. Human Rights Quarterly, 28(3), 714–728. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2006.0027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2006.0027
Arimbi, D. A. (2009). Gender issues and islam in contemporary indonesia. In Reading Contemporary Indonesian Muslim Women Writers (Issue May 2019, pp. 54–74). Amsterdam University Press.
Banerjee, S. (1999). Warriors in politics: religious nationalism, masculine hinduism and the shiv sena in bombay. Women and Politics, 20(3), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1300/J014v20n03_01 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J014v20n03_01
Brenner, S. (2011). Private moralities in the public sphere: democratization, islam, and gender in indonesia. American Anthropologist, 113(3), 478–490. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1433.2010.01355.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1433.2010.01355.x
Budianta, M. (2006). Decentralizing engagements: women and the democratization process in indonesia. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 31(4), 915–923. https://doi.org/10.1086/504338 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/504338
Burlet, S. (1999). Gender relations, “hindu†nationalism, and ngo responses in india. Gender and Development, 7(1), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/741922940 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/741922940
Desai, S., & Temsah, G. (2018). Muslim and hindu women’s public and private behaviors: gender, family, and communalized politics in india Author(s): Demography, 51(6), 2307–2332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-014-0319-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-014-0319-4
Habib, I., Khan, I. A., & Singh, K. P. (1976). Social scientist problems of the muslim minority in india. Social Scientist, 4(11), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.2307/3516200 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3516200
Hughes, A. W. (2012). Theorizing islam: disciplinary deconstruction and reconstruction. In Aaron W. Hughes (Ed.), Routledge (Vol. 53, Issue 9). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Kumari, R. (2018). Creating political space for women in south asia. In Gender and Politics (pp. 77–106). Verlag Barbara Budrich. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvddzq1d.8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvddzq1d.8
Machmudi, Y. (2008). A vision of shariah – led prosperity : pks attitudes to the implementation of islamic law. In Islamising Indonesia (pp. 191–215). ANU Press.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. In Qualitative Data Analysis. Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-013-0700-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-013-0700-5
Moaddelt, M. (1998). Religion and women : islamic modernism versus fundamentalism. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37(1), 108–130. https://doi.org/10.2307/1388032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1388032
Rinaldo, R. (2008a). Envisioning the nation : women activists , religion and the public sphere in indonesia. Social Forces, 86(4), 1781–1804. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.0.0043 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.0.0043
Rinaldo, R. (2008b). Muslim women, middle class habitus, and modernity in indonesia. Contemporary Islam, 2(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-007-0035-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-007-0035-6
Robinson, F. (2011). Islamic reform and modernities in south asia. Islamic Reform in South Asia, 42(2), 26–50. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139382786.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139382786.003
Subramanian, N. (2008). Legal change and gender inequality: changes in muslim family law in india. Law and Social Inquiry, 33(3), 631–672. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2008.00117.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2008.00117.x
Tomsa, D. (2012). Moderating islamism in indonesia: tracing patterns of party change in the prosperous justice party. Political Research Quarterly, 65(3), 486–498. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912911404566 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912911404566
Vatuk, S. (2011). Islamic feminism in india: indian muslim women activists and the reform of muslim personal law. Islamic Reform in South Asia, 42(2), 346–382. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139382786.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139382786.014