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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WATCHING ANIMATED CARTOON AND INFORMATION PROCESSING SPEED AND LEVEL FOR SAMPLE CHILDREN IN AGE GROUP [5-6] YEARS
Corresponding Author(s) : Nermeen Singer
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 5 (2019): September
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This study aims to identify the nature and type of the relationship between watching televised animated cartoons and the information processing speed and Level for sample children in the age group [5-6] Years. The sample consisted of (225) boys and girls watching animation films at an average time of (6.8) and a standard deviation (1.9) in the age group of (5-6) years. The study adopted the descriptive approach and applied the tools to the study samples. The results were analyzed and compared. The study used a data collection form and a scale for measuring information processing speed and level.
Methodology: In light of the study hypotheses, the descriptive approach was used. The tools were applied to the study samples and their results were analyzed and compared.
Main Findings:The results of study gave rise to findings; the most important of which are that there are statistically significant differences between children with high watching and low watching in terms of the speed and the information processing level for those with high watching ... and there is a statistically significant effect of some of the factors of watching (televised animation – laptop animation - animated cartoons in both types) watching hours on weekends (less than four hours - more than four hours) on the speed and information processing level of the child.
Applications of this study: This study can be applied to children in general and can benefit teachers and parents.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The animated cartoons play a prominent role in developing the speed and information processing level, in light of the lack of excessive watching hours, particularly on public holidays, and the tendency to practice real activities in the environment. Also, there is a clear impact of animation films in light of watching hours on the speed and information processing level for children, as they provide them with a world full of scenes, beautiful nature, broad imagination and beloved symbols that make them guided by their content and seek to imitate them and process them in their understanding of reality, perception, and processing of the information they receive.
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- Adel Sultan (2005). Education and Training Technology, First Edition, Amman, Dar Haneen Publishing and Distribution.
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- Baek, Y.K., & Layne, B.H. (1988). Color, graphics, and animation in a computer-assisted learning tutorial lesson. Journal of Computer-based Instruction, 15, 131-135.
- Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY
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- Kapelian, (2009). From movies to TV; cultural shifts and cartoons. Accessed November 15th, 2010 from http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/exchange/ node/3971.
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References
Abdel-AlimZaki (1986) Analytical study of the development of animation in Egypt, PhD thesis, Higher Institute of Cinema.
Adel Sultan (2005). Education and Training Technology, First Edition, Amman, Dar Haneen Publishing and Distribution.
Ahmed Mohamed Badah and Mohamed Mishaal Al Enezi (2013) The Effect of Watching Media on the Development of the Language Intelligence of the Gifted Students from the Parents' Point of View in the Arab Kingdom - Animation Model, Jerash for Research and Studies / Reality and Future Perspectives.
Al-Farhati Mr. Mahmoud (2009) Learned Disability Education and Social Issues, The Anglo-Egyptian Library, Cairo, Egypt.
Anshrah Al-Shal (1987): The Child's Relationship with Printed and Electronic Means, Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
Ayres, P., &Paas, F. (2007). Making instructional animations more effective: A cognitive load approach. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 21, 695 - 700. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1343 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1343
Baek, Y.K., & Layne, B.H. (1988). Color, graphics, and animation in a computer-assisted learning tutorial lesson. Journal of Computer-based Instruction, 15, 131-135.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY
Betrancourt, M., & Tversky, B. (2000). Effect of computer animation on users’ performance: A review. Le Travail Humain, 63(4), 311 -329.
Castro-Alonso, J. C., Ayres, P., &Paas, F. (2015a). Animations showing Lego manipulative tasks: Three potential moderators of effectiveness. Computers & Education, 85, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.12.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.12.022
Castro-Alonso, J. C., Ayres, P., Wong, M., &Paas, F. (2018). Learning symbols from permanent and transient visual presentations: Don’t overplay the hand. Computers & Education, 116, 1e13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.08.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.08.011
Cohen Y, Bryant J, Voderer P (2014) Audience identification with media characters. Journal of Psychology of Entertainment pp. 183-197. https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780199756841-0144 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780199756841-0144
Doring A (2002). The use of cartoons as a teaching and learning strategy with adult learners. New Zealand J. Adult Learn. 30(1):56-62.
Eysenck, N. (2000): Psychology student’s handbook, psychology press LTD A member of taylor&francis group, New Work.
Fathi al-Zayat (1995): The cognitive foundations of mental training and information processing, Mansoura, Dar al-Wafa.
Fatima Al - Naimi (2003), attractive films spoil the children, family magazine, no. 254.
Fleer, M. (2011). Technologically constructed childhoods: Moving beyond a reproductive to a productive and critical view of curriculum development. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 36(1), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/183693911103600104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/183693911103600104
GhaidaHarf (2012), The Effect of Cartoon Films via Satellite Channels in Building the Artistic Character of the Child, Mustansiriya University, Journal of the Faculty of Education.
Gokcearslan A (2010) The effect of cartoon movies on children’s gender development. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 2(2): 5202-5207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.846 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.846
Gonzales, C. (1996). Does animation in user interfaces improve decision making ? in Proceedings of the International Conference in Computer Human Interaction CHI'96 (pp 27 - 34). New York, NY: ACM Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/238386.238396 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/238386.238396
H€offler, T. N., &Leutner, D. (2007). Instructional animation versus static pictures: A meta-analysis. Learning and Instruction, 17, 722- 738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2007.09.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2007.09.013
Haber, R.N. &Mayers, B.L. (1992): Memory for pictograms. Pictures and words separately and all mixed up. Perception, 11, 57- 64. https://doi.org/10.1068/p110057 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1068/p110057
Habib, K & Soliman, T (2015). Cartoon’s effect in changing children mental response and behaviour. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2015, 3, 248-264. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2015.39033 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2015.39033
Hassan A, Daniyal M (2013) Cartoon network and its impact on behavior of school going children: A case study of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences (IJMESS) 2(1): 6-11.
Houston, J.P. (1986): Fundamental of Learning and Memory. New York: Horcourth Brace Jovanovich, inc.
Ince M (1991). Cartoons’ role and importance of the 6-18 age group individuals in their life. Unpublished master’s thesis. Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
Irkin (2012). Television and its effects on the process of the development of children, Master Theses, The Radio and Television Supreme Council, Ankara, Turkey.
Kapelian, (2009). From movies to TV; cultural shifts and cartoons. Accessed November 15th, 2010 from http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/exchange/ node/3971.
Levin, J.R., Anglin, G.J. and Carney, R.N. (1987) On empirically validating functions of pictures in prose. In: Willows, D.M. and Houghton, H.A., Eds., The Psychology of Illustration: Basic Research, Springer, New York, 51-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4674-9_2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4674-9_2
Lillard, A. S., & Peterson, J. (2011). The immediate impact of different types of television on young children’s executive function. Pediatrics, 128, 644–649. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1919 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1919
Macgillivray LK (2011). Using cartoons to teach students about stereotypes and discrimination: one teacher's lessons from south park, J. Curriculum and Pedagogy 2(1):133-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/15505170.2005.10411533 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15505170.2005.10411533
Manal Abou El Hassan (1998). Animation and its relation to the cognitive aspects, Cairo, the publishing house of universities.
Matlin, M.W (1994): Cognitive. Florida: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc.
Mayer, R. E., Hegarty, M., Mayer, S., & Campbell, J. (2005). When static media promote active learning: Annotated illustrations versus narrated animations in multimedia instruction. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 11(4), 256 -265. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-898X.11.4.256 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-898X.11.4.256
Mohammed Ibrahim Moawad (1994): Animation programs for children through satellite TV channels for the Gulf States, reality and future, research presented to the Symposium on satellite broadcasting and reception in the Arabian Gulf, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, 8-10 May.
Mr. Ahmed Saqr (2000): The Effect of Using the Self-Control Program on Strategies of Information Processing in Children with Learning Disabilities, unpublished PhD thesis, Faculty of Education, Tanta University.
NabilFadl Sharaf El-Din (2009): Models for the processing of information related to separate students with different levels of achievement in general secondary education. The Egyptian Journal of Psychological Studies, Issue 63, Volume 19, 357-403.
Ningsih ZW, Sari MP (2012). Teaching writing paragraph through please strategy at junior high school. e-J. Mahasiswa Prodi Pend Bahasa Inggris 1(4).
Plowman, L., Stevenson, O., McPake, J., Stephen, C., & Adey, C. (2011). Parents, pre-schoolers and learning with technology at home: Some implications for policy. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 27(4), 361-371. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00432.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00432.x
Plowman,L&McPake, J (2013) Seven Myths About Young Children and Technology, Childhood Education, 89:1, 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2013.757490 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2013.757490
Rafida al-Hariri (2015), Introduction to Child Education, Dar Al-Fikr Publishing and Distribution, Jordan, I 1.
Rebetez, C., B_etrancourt, M., Sangin, M., &Dillenbourg, P. (2010). Learning from animation enabled by collaboration. Instructional Science, 38(5), 471-485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-009-9117-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-009-9117-6
Rizzolatti, G. (2005). The mirror neuron system and its function in humans. Anatomy and Embryology, 210, 419- 421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-005-0039-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-005-0039-z
Rizzolatti, G., &Sinigaglia, C. (2010). The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit: Interpretations and misinterpretations. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, 264e274. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2805 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2805
Saengpassa C (2014) Animations provide good lessons. The Star, Malaysia 39(2).
Saleh Diab Hindi (1998): The Impact of Media on Children, 3rd ed., Amman, Dar Al-Fikr.
Schmidt, M. E., &Vandewater, E. A. (2008). Media and attention, cognition, and school achievement. The Future of Children, 18, 63–85. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.0.0004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.0.0004
Sharmin S (2014) Role of cartoon: A brief discussion on cartoon put an impact on children. Journal of ENH Community 1(1): 1-10.
Shover, K.G. &Trapy, R.M (1993): Psychology. New York: MaCmillanPub.Comp.
Singer, N & El Sharkawy, (2018). The effectiveness of the Social media “as new means of communications†in formulating youth directions against terrorism. International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, 3(4), 541-555. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijels.3.4.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22161/ijels.3.4.11
Singer, N (2019). A Proposed Program for the Activities of the School Media Literacy in the Development of Some Dimensions of Learning for Students in the Third-Grade Primary Considering the Vision of Egypt 2030., International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 9 • No. 3 • March 2019. https://doi.org/10.30845/ijhss.v9n3p11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30845/ijhss.v9n3p11
Singer, N., & Eid, E. M. (2017). Watching T.V. and Playing Video Games and their Relation to Children Obesity between the Ages of (6:12). International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, 2(5), 102-118. https://doi.org/10.24001/ijels.2.5.12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24001/ijels.2.5.12
Sweller, J., Ayres, P., &Kalyuga, S. (2011). Cognitive load theory. New Yok, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8126-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8126-4
Thompson, A. (2010). Pros and cons of cartoons on children. Retrieved August 25th, 2010, from http://www.ehow.com/list_6874711_pros-cons-cartoons-kids.html#ixzz0xbVkv0R0
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