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CONSCIOUS USE OF CODE-SWITCHING TO IMPROVE FLUENCY IN SPOKEN ENGLISH OF BANGLADESHI STUDENTS
Corresponding Author(s) : Ehatasham Ul Hoque Eiten
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 6 (2019): November
Abstract
Purpose: Present-day English language teaching in Bangladesh, despite adopting Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), focuses more on accuracy (i.e. grammar) than fluency which is proved as a weak strategy. Fluency acquisition in speaking includes pronunciation, but focusing on pronunciation first, slows down the process of becoming a fluent speaker.
Methodology: As code-switching exists at the tertiary level in Bangladesh and because of the tremendous fascination of Bangladeshi students towards Bengali, code-switching can be utilized as a tool to improve fluency in spoken English. Thus, this research proposes an alternative to existing approaches.
Result: Once desired fluency is achieved; grammar and pronunciation will be emphasized respectively to attain proper speaking skills. The success of this process can be studied in three phases. In the first phase, it examines whether allowing code-switching while speaking English helps Bengali students achieve fluency or not.
Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the Conscious Use of Code-Switching to Improve Fluency in Spoken English of Bangladeshi Students is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
Keywords
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- Akkuzova, A., Mankeyev, Z., Akkuzov, A., Kaiyrbekova, U., & Baiymbetova, R. (2018). Some features of the meaning “literary text†in the pragmalinguistic aspect. Opción, 34(85-2), 20-34.
- Alam, F. (2005). Rethinking the English curriculum of universities in Bangladesh. Spectrum, Dhaka: University Press Limited, 1-19.
- Billah, M. (2012). Is CLT working in Bangladesh? The Financial Express.
- Chambers, F. (1997). What do we mean by fluency? System, 25(4), 535-544. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0346-251X(97)00046-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0346-251X(97)00046-8
- Cook, V. (2001). Using the first language in the classroom. Canadian modern language review, 57(3), 402-423. https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.57.3.402 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.57.3.402
- Cucchiarini, C., Strik, H., & Boves, L. (2002). Quantitative assessment of second language learners’ fluency: Comparisons between read and spontaneous speech. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 111(6), 2862-2873. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1471894 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1471894
- Ejzenberg, R. (2000). The juggling act of oral fluency: A psycho-sociolinguistic metaphor. In Perspectives on fluency (pp. 287-313). University of Michigan.
- Fillmore, C. J. (1979). On fluency. In Individual differences in language ability and language behavior (pp. 85-101). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-255950-1.50012-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-255950-1.50012-3
- Freed, B. (2000). Is fluency, like beauty, in the eyes (and ears) of the beholder? In Perspectives on fluency (pp. 243-265). University of Michigan.
- Haghshenas, S., Iravani, M. R., & Nasrabadi, H. A. B. (2015). Study Of Effective Factors On Job Satisfaction Of Omid Hospital Staff In Isfahan City. UCT Journal of Management and Accounting Studies, 3(1), 15-17.
- Hall, G., & Cook, G. (2012). Own-language use in language teaching and learning. Language teaching, 45(3), 271-308. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444812000067 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444812000067
- Jahan, A. (2008). Teaching Speaking Skills at Tertiary Level in Bangladesh: An Empirical Investigation.
- Kabir, U. S. (2014). Challenges of speaking English in Bangladeshi classrooms (Doctoral dissertation, BRAC University).
- Kao, M., & Hsu, T. (1998). Functions of Code-switching in Second and Foreign Language Classrooms. Journal of the Far East, 283-290. Retrieved April 4, 2018, from http://www.feu.edu.tw/adms/aao/aao95/jfeu/26/2602/260211.pdf
- Kormos, J., & Dénes, M. (2004). Exploring measures and perceptions of fluency in the speech of second language learners. System, 32(2), 145-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2004.01.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2004.01.001
- Kumar, J. (2013). Teaching Speaking: From Fluency to Accuracy. The Journal of English Language Teaching, 55/6, 16-21. Retrieved April 5, 2018, from www.researchgate.net/publication/259974086Teachin g_Speaking_from_Fluency_to_Accuracy.
- Chowdhury, N. (2012). Classroom code switching of English language teachers at tertiary level: A Bangladeshi perspective. Stamford Journal of English, 7, 40-61. https://doi.org/10.3329/sje.v7i0.14462 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/sje.v7i0.14462
- Hossain, D., & Bar, K. (2015). A case study in code-mixing among Jahangirnagar University students. International Journal of English and Literature, 6(7), 123-139. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJEL2015.0782 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/IJEL2015.0782
- Ghosh, N. (2014). Code switching in the private universities of Bangladesh (Doctoral dissertation, East West University).
- Talukder, A. A. Code Switching-Pragmatic Aspect in Everyday Life in Bangladesh.
References
Akkuzova, A., Mankeyev, Z., Akkuzov, A., Kaiyrbekova, U., & Baiymbetova, R. (2018). Some features of the meaning “literary text†in the pragmalinguistic aspect. Opción, 34(85-2), 20-34.
Alam, F. (2005). Rethinking the English curriculum of universities in Bangladesh. Spectrum, Dhaka: University Press Limited, 1-19.
Billah, M. (2012). Is CLT working in Bangladesh? The Financial Express.
Chambers, F. (1997). What do we mean by fluency? System, 25(4), 535-544. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0346-251X(97)00046-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0346-251X(97)00046-8
Cook, V. (2001). Using the first language in the classroom. Canadian modern language review, 57(3), 402-423. https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.57.3.402 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.57.3.402
Cucchiarini, C., Strik, H., & Boves, L. (2002). Quantitative assessment of second language learners’ fluency: Comparisons between read and spontaneous speech. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 111(6), 2862-2873. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1471894 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1471894
Ejzenberg, R. (2000). The juggling act of oral fluency: A psycho-sociolinguistic metaphor. In Perspectives on fluency (pp. 287-313). University of Michigan.
Fillmore, C. J. (1979). On fluency. In Individual differences in language ability and language behavior (pp. 85-101). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-255950-1.50012-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-255950-1.50012-3
Freed, B. (2000). Is fluency, like beauty, in the eyes (and ears) of the beholder? In Perspectives on fluency (pp. 243-265). University of Michigan.
Haghshenas, S., Iravani, M. R., & Nasrabadi, H. A. B. (2015). Study Of Effective Factors On Job Satisfaction Of Omid Hospital Staff In Isfahan City. UCT Journal of Management and Accounting Studies, 3(1), 15-17.
Hall, G., & Cook, G. (2012). Own-language use in language teaching and learning. Language teaching, 45(3), 271-308. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444812000067 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444812000067
Jahan, A. (2008). Teaching Speaking Skills at Tertiary Level in Bangladesh: An Empirical Investigation.
Kabir, U. S. (2014). Challenges of speaking English in Bangladeshi classrooms (Doctoral dissertation, BRAC University).
Kao, M., & Hsu, T. (1998). Functions of Code-switching in Second and Foreign Language Classrooms. Journal of the Far East, 283-290. Retrieved April 4, 2018, from http://www.feu.edu.tw/adms/aao/aao95/jfeu/26/2602/260211.pdf
Kormos, J., & Dénes, M. (2004). Exploring measures and perceptions of fluency in the speech of second language learners. System, 32(2), 145-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2004.01.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2004.01.001
Kumar, J. (2013). Teaching Speaking: From Fluency to Accuracy. The Journal of English Language Teaching, 55/6, 16-21. Retrieved April 5, 2018, from www.researchgate.net/publication/259974086Teachin g_Speaking_from_Fluency_to_Accuracy.
Chowdhury, N. (2012). Classroom code switching of English language teachers at tertiary level: A Bangladeshi perspective. Stamford Journal of English, 7, 40-61. https://doi.org/10.3329/sje.v7i0.14462 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/sje.v7i0.14462
Hossain, D., & Bar, K. (2015). A case study in code-mixing among Jahangirnagar University students. International Journal of English and Literature, 6(7), 123-139. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJEL2015.0782 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/IJEL2015.0782
Ghosh, N. (2014). Code switching in the private universities of Bangladesh (Doctoral dissertation, East West University).
Talukder, A. A. Code Switching-Pragmatic Aspect in Everyday Life in Bangladesh.