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LEGAL STATUS OF PLATFORM WORKERS IN RUSSIA: RIGHT ON UNEMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
Corresponding Author(s) : Rustem Sh. Davletgildeev
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 6 (2019): November
Abstract
Purposes: Russian Federation as many other States experience the growth of the “gig economyâ€. The number of people working via platforms grows with every year. As a result, it brings up a new form of employment. Consequently, national law and social security systems have to adapt to new challenges in order to provide from one hand, efficient regulation of such relations, from another hand – to protect the rights of crowd-workers.
Methodology: Russian legislators introduced in 2013 the new concept of “distance workâ€, which partially covers platform workers. Since late 2019 new regulations concerning non-registered self-employed persons will come into force. Nonetheless, the discussion on the place of crowd-workers remains to be open within practitioners and scholars and still shows the uncertainty.
Result: In this paper, we tried to determine the legal status of platform workers and identify their place within the system of Labour and Social Security Law with a detailed focus on access to Unemployment Benefit and Social Assistance.
Implications/Applications: As a general rule, digital platforms do not impose concrete requirements for the crowd-worker, for instance as the obligation of having registered status as individual entrepreneurship. In this case, any physical person showing the will to work can register with a platform and provide services.
Novelty/Originality: We will try to give the legal definition and to find out the recognition of so-called Platform Workers within the national Labour Law. After the research will be focused on a social cluster: the right of Platform Workers to access to Unemployment Benefit and Social Assistance.
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- Schoukens, P., Barrio, A., & Montebovi, S. (2018). The EU social pillar: An answer to the challenge of the social protection of platform workers?. European Journal of Social Security, 20(3), 219-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/1388262718798393 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1388262718798393
- Pesole, A., Brancati, U., Fernández-MacÃas, E., Biagi, F., & González Vázquez, I. (2018). Platform Workers in Europe. EUR29275 EN, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi: https://doi. org/10.2760/742789.
- Labour Code of Russian Federation FS N197 from 30.12.2001
- Berg, J. (2016). Income Securiti in the on-demand economy: findings and Policy lessons from a survey of crowdworkers. Comparative labour law and policy journal, 37(3), 506-543.
- Federal Statute on State Registration of Corporations and Individual Entre-preneurships from 08.08.2001
- Tax Code of Russian Federation from 05.08.2000 N 117-FS
- Federal Statute from 28.12.2013 N 442-FS On Social Security Basics of Citi-zens in Russian Federation
- Nechuikina E.V. (2008). Social Security: definitions, categories, terminolo-gy. RGPU Izvestiya in the name of A.I.Gerzen, N 49. P.145-147
- Federal Statute from 17.12.2001 N 173-FS On Labour Pensions in Russian Federation
- Baimatov, P. N. (2014) Perspectivy razvitiya pravovogo regulirovaniya so-cialonogo obespecheniya v Rossiy: innovatsii v socialnoi sfere. Vestnik Tyu-menskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Socialno-economicheskiye i pravovye issledovaniya N3 P.21-226
- Davidov, g. (2017) The Status of Uber Drivers; A Purposive Approach. Spanish Labour Law and Employment Relations Journal. Vol.1-2, 6-15. https://doi.org/10.20318/sllerj.2017.3921 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20318/sllerj.2017.3921
- Balashova, a.; li, i. & Vovnjakova, a. (2017). Uber took over Gett in terms of daily traffic in Russia. Available from: http://www.rbc.ru/technology_and_media/07/03/2017/58becbcd9a79475c283d8 84f.
- Lyutov, N. & Gerasimova, E. (2017). The concept of employee: the position in Russia. In: Waas, B. & van Voss, G.H. Restatement of Labour Law in Eu-rope. Volume I. The Concept of Employee, Oxford and Portland, Oregon, Hart Publishing, 577-598.
- Shevchuk, A. & Strebkov D. (2017). Entrepreneurial Potential in the Digital Freelance Economy: Evidence from the Russian-Language Internet. In: Sauka, A. & Chepurenko, A . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57342-7_22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57342-7_22
- Chesalina, O. (2018). Access to social security for digital platform workers in Germany and in Russia: a comparative study. Spanish Labour Law and Employment Relations Journal. 7. 17. 10.20318/sllerj.2018.4433. P. 17-28. https://doi.org/10.20318/sllerj.2018.4433 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20318/sllerj.2018.4433
- Rhein, W. (1998). The feminization of poverty: Unemployment in Russia. Journal of International Affairs, 351-366.
- Cerami, A. (2009). Welfare State Developments in the Russian Federation: Oilâ€led Social Policy and ‘The Russian Miracle’. Social Policy & Administration, 43(2), 105-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.2009.00650.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.2009.00650.x
- Bahry, D. (1999). Comrades into citizens? Russian political culture and public support for the transition. Slavic Review, 58(4), 841-853. https://doi.org/10.2307/2697201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2697201
- Manning, N. (1998). Social policy, labour markets, unemployment, and household strategies in Russia. International Journal of Manpower, 19(1/2), 48-67. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437729810369776 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437729810369776
- Eggers, A., Gaddy, C., & Graham, C. (2006). Well-being and unemployment in Russia in the 1990s: Can society's suffering be individuals’ solace?. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 35(2), 209-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2005.11.059 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2005.11.059
References
Schoukens, P., Barrio, A., & Montebovi, S. (2018). The EU social pillar: An answer to the challenge of the social protection of platform workers?. European Journal of Social Security, 20(3), 219-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/1388262718798393 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1388262718798393
Pesole, A., Brancati, U., Fernández-MacÃas, E., Biagi, F., & González Vázquez, I. (2018). Platform Workers in Europe. EUR29275 EN, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi: https://doi. org/10.2760/742789.
Labour Code of Russian Federation FS N197 from 30.12.2001
Berg, J. (2016). Income Securiti in the on-demand economy: findings and Policy lessons from a survey of crowdworkers. Comparative labour law and policy journal, 37(3), 506-543.
Federal Statute on State Registration of Corporations and Individual Entre-preneurships from 08.08.2001
Tax Code of Russian Federation from 05.08.2000 N 117-FS
Federal Statute from 28.12.2013 N 442-FS On Social Security Basics of Citi-zens in Russian Federation
Nechuikina E.V. (2008). Social Security: definitions, categories, terminolo-gy. RGPU Izvestiya in the name of A.I.Gerzen, N 49. P.145-147
Federal Statute from 17.12.2001 N 173-FS On Labour Pensions in Russian Federation
Baimatov, P. N. (2014) Perspectivy razvitiya pravovogo regulirovaniya so-cialonogo obespecheniya v Rossiy: innovatsii v socialnoi sfere. Vestnik Tyu-menskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Socialno-economicheskiye i pravovye issledovaniya N3 P.21-226
Davidov, g. (2017) The Status of Uber Drivers; A Purposive Approach. Spanish Labour Law and Employment Relations Journal. Vol.1-2, 6-15. https://doi.org/10.20318/sllerj.2017.3921 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20318/sllerj.2017.3921
Balashova, a.; li, i. & Vovnjakova, a. (2017). Uber took over Gett in terms of daily traffic in Russia. Available from: http://www.rbc.ru/technology_and_media/07/03/2017/58becbcd9a79475c283d8 84f.
Lyutov, N. & Gerasimova, E. (2017). The concept of employee: the position in Russia. In: Waas, B. & van Voss, G.H. Restatement of Labour Law in Eu-rope. Volume I. The Concept of Employee, Oxford and Portland, Oregon, Hart Publishing, 577-598.
Shevchuk, A. & Strebkov D. (2017). Entrepreneurial Potential in the Digital Freelance Economy: Evidence from the Russian-Language Internet. In: Sauka, A. & Chepurenko, A . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57342-7_22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57342-7_22
Chesalina, O. (2018). Access to social security for digital platform workers in Germany and in Russia: a comparative study. Spanish Labour Law and Employment Relations Journal. 7. 17. 10.20318/sllerj.2018.4433. P. 17-28. https://doi.org/10.20318/sllerj.2018.4433 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20318/sllerj.2018.4433
Rhein, W. (1998). The feminization of poverty: Unemployment in Russia. Journal of International Affairs, 351-366.
Cerami, A. (2009). Welfare State Developments in the Russian Federation: Oilâ€led Social Policy and ‘The Russian Miracle’. Social Policy & Administration, 43(2), 105-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.2009.00650.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.2009.00650.x
Bahry, D. (1999). Comrades into citizens? Russian political culture and public support for the transition. Slavic Review, 58(4), 841-853. https://doi.org/10.2307/2697201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2697201
Manning, N. (1998). Social policy, labour markets, unemployment, and household strategies in Russia. International Journal of Manpower, 19(1/2), 48-67. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437729810369776 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437729810369776
Eggers, A., Gaddy, C., & Graham, C. (2006). Well-being and unemployment in Russia in the 1990s: Can society's suffering be individuals’ solace?. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 35(2), 209-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2005.11.059 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2005.11.059