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A CASE STUDY OF THE HEALTH STATUS OF THE THREE DISTRICTS OF ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS A UNION TERRITORY OF INDIA
Corresponding Author(s) : Salma Begum
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 6 (2019): November
Abstract
The objective of the study: To assess the burden of disease on the tribal and non-tribal population of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Methodology: The study focuses on the health status of the tribal and non-tribal population of the Islands and measures theirs out of pocket expenditure on health for 12 months in the year 2016. Primary data has been collected to conduct the study from all three districts of the islands using a random sampling method, and the same has been analyzed using a descriptive-analytical technique and multiple regression models.
Results: Standard multiple regression analysis provides a significant result. The result shows as Annual income increase, the out of pocket expenditure will increase by 0.727 rupees. When the age of the people increases, out of pocket expenditure will increase at a rate of 0.782, and as the quality of public health care services improves out of pocket expenditure will increase to 0.533, which is lower than the other two variables. The annual income age and quality of public health care all have a statistically significant impact on the outcome variable or out of pocket expenditure as the p-value is less than 0.05; therefore, the model is a good fit.
Conclusion: Most households in all three districts do not have proper toilet facility and latrine, which lead them to suffer communicable disease such as diarrhea. Also, the majority of them do not treat drinking water, which again causes their illness. The scattered and isolated location of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and non-availability of the specialist doctors, surgeons, and well equipped curative health centers or hospitals are the crucial reasons for the huge out of pocket expenditure incurred by the islanders while taking treatment at the mainland.
Implication: This study provides insights on the health status of the tribal and non-tribal population of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It will be helpful to develop better policies for improving the current healthcare scenario.
Originality and Novelty of the study: There was no earlier study done on the tribal of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
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- Acharya, D., Vaidyanathan, G. Muraleedharan, V. R. Dheenadayalan, & Dash, U. (2011). Do the Poor Benefit from Public Spending on Healthcare in India? Results from Benefit (Utilisation) Incidence Analysis in Tamil Nadu and Orissa. Consortium for Research on Equitable Health Systems (CREHS) April pp. 8-29 Chennai India.
- Bagi, S. K. (2007). A cross country analysis of Public expenditures and Human developments. Proceedings of the Northeast Business & Economics Association October pp.410-413. United States.
- Banerjee, A., Deaton, A. & Duflo, E. (2004). Health care delivery in rural Rajasthan. Economic and Political weekly February 24 PP 944-949.
- Bansal, R. D. (1999). Health financing in India: priorities issues inter-state variations and challenges. Health and Population- perspectives and issues. 22 (3 & 4). pp 123-132.
- Berman et al. (2010). Government. health financing in India: Challenges in achieving ambitious goals. Analysis of NRHM Health nutrition and population (HNP) Discussion paper The World Bank December pp 1-21.
- Bhat, R. & Jain, N. (2004). Analysis of public expenditure on health using State level data. Indian Institute of Management working paper no. 2004-06-08. June. pp 1-44 Ahmedabad.
- Bhore, S. J. (1946). Health survey and development committee Report. Government of India. Delhi. pp. 1-232.
- Budget documents of the Union and State Governments RBI Economic Survey (2008-09) (2011-12) website: http://indiabudget.nic.in.
- Census 2011 report, http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-common/census_2011.html
- Central Bureau of Health Intelligence’ Life Expectancy at Birth in Major States 1999-2003 to 2006-2010’ National Health profile 2009 and Economic Survey 2012-13.
- Data book for Planning commission ‘State wise Crude Birth rate Crude Death rate and Infant mortality rate’ December 2014 & SRS 2014
- Data Portal IndiaGovernment of India. State wise number of government. hospitals doctors and beds per 1000 patients during year 2010 and 2011’ website: http://data.gov.in
- Data Portal IndiaGovernment of India. State wise number of Sub Centre Primary Health Centre and Community Health Centre during Eleventh Five Year Plan.website: http://data.gov.in
- Directorate of Economics and Statistics. (2016). Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
- Duggal, R. (2007). Poverty and health: criticality of public financing. Indian Journal of Medical research. October pp 309-317.
- Farahani, M. (2009). Effects of state-level public spending on health on the mortality probability in India.Harvard School of Public Health. Working Paper No. 50 June pp 1-32. USA.
- Indian Planning Commission Twelfth Five Year Plan. (2012-2017). Report on public health care system. vol.3 Government of India, New Delhi.
- M Govind Rao and Mita Choudhary (2012): ‘Health care financing reforms in India’ National Institute of Public finance and policy working paper no. 2012-100 March pp 1-33.
- Ministry of health and family welfare Health sector financing by Centre and States/UTs in India 2009-10 to 2015-16.
- Ministry of Health and Family welfare. (2010). Annual report to people on Health. Government of India. New Delhi.
- Ministry of health and family welfare. (2015). Health care infrastructure and average rural population covered. (as on 31st march 2015).
- Ministry of health and family welfare. (2015).Statewise shortfall in Health Infrastructure as per 2011 Population in India (As On 31st March 2015). Rural Health Statistics 2013-14.
- Mitra, A. (2006). The status of women among the scheduled tribes in India. The journal of Socioeconomics December pp-1-16.
- Office of the Registrar General of India Ministry of Home Affairs Economic Survey 2010-112012-132015-16 Statistical appendix website: http://indiabudget.nic.in.
- Reserve Bank of India. (2013). State finances- A study of Budgets of 2012-13. January. Mumbai.
- Santere, R. E.& Neun, S. P. (2007). Health economics: Theories insights and industry statistics. United States: Thomson southwestern publisher.
- Subramanian, S. V., Smith, G. D. & Subramaniam, M. (2006). Indigenous health and socio-economic status in India. PLoS Medicine. October. vol.3 no.10 pp 1794-1803. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030421 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030421
- Sudha, S. R. (2016). Public health in India: Issues and Challenges. International research journal of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary studies. Vol.2.pp. 29-36. Karnataka.
- World Health Organization. (2010). World Health Statistics report. Geneva.
References
Acharya, D., Vaidyanathan, G. Muraleedharan, V. R. Dheenadayalan, & Dash, U. (2011). Do the Poor Benefit from Public Spending on Healthcare in India? Results from Benefit (Utilisation) Incidence Analysis in Tamil Nadu and Orissa. Consortium for Research on Equitable Health Systems (CREHS) April pp. 8-29 Chennai India.
Bagi, S. K. (2007). A cross country analysis of Public expenditures and Human developments. Proceedings of the Northeast Business & Economics Association October pp.410-413. United States.
Banerjee, A., Deaton, A. & Duflo, E. (2004). Health care delivery in rural Rajasthan. Economic and Political weekly February 24 PP 944-949.
Bansal, R. D. (1999). Health financing in India: priorities issues inter-state variations and challenges. Health and Population- perspectives and issues. 22 (3 & 4). pp 123-132.
Berman et al. (2010). Government. health financing in India: Challenges in achieving ambitious goals. Analysis of NRHM Health nutrition and population (HNP) Discussion paper The World Bank December pp 1-21.
Bhat, R. & Jain, N. (2004). Analysis of public expenditure on health using State level data. Indian Institute of Management working paper no. 2004-06-08. June. pp 1-44 Ahmedabad.
Bhore, S. J. (1946). Health survey and development committee Report. Government of India. Delhi. pp. 1-232.
Budget documents of the Union and State Governments RBI Economic Survey (2008-09) (2011-12) website: http://indiabudget.nic.in.
Census 2011 report, http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-common/census_2011.html
Central Bureau of Health Intelligence’ Life Expectancy at Birth in Major States 1999-2003 to 2006-2010’ National Health profile 2009 and Economic Survey 2012-13.
Data book for Planning commission ‘State wise Crude Birth rate Crude Death rate and Infant mortality rate’ December 2014 & SRS 2014
Data Portal IndiaGovernment of India. State wise number of government. hospitals doctors and beds per 1000 patients during year 2010 and 2011’ website: http://data.gov.in
Data Portal IndiaGovernment of India. State wise number of Sub Centre Primary Health Centre and Community Health Centre during Eleventh Five Year Plan.website: http://data.gov.in
Directorate of Economics and Statistics. (2016). Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Duggal, R. (2007). Poverty and health: criticality of public financing. Indian Journal of Medical research. October pp 309-317.
Farahani, M. (2009). Effects of state-level public spending on health on the mortality probability in India.Harvard School of Public Health. Working Paper No. 50 June pp 1-32. USA.
Indian Planning Commission Twelfth Five Year Plan. (2012-2017). Report on public health care system. vol.3 Government of India, New Delhi.
M Govind Rao and Mita Choudhary (2012): ‘Health care financing reforms in India’ National Institute of Public finance and policy working paper no. 2012-100 March pp 1-33.
Ministry of health and family welfare Health sector financing by Centre and States/UTs in India 2009-10 to 2015-16.
Ministry of Health and Family welfare. (2010). Annual report to people on Health. Government of India. New Delhi.
Ministry of health and family welfare. (2015). Health care infrastructure and average rural population covered. (as on 31st march 2015).
Ministry of health and family welfare. (2015).Statewise shortfall in Health Infrastructure as per 2011 Population in India (As On 31st March 2015). Rural Health Statistics 2013-14.
Mitra, A. (2006). The status of women among the scheduled tribes in India. The journal of Socioeconomics December pp-1-16.
Office of the Registrar General of India Ministry of Home Affairs Economic Survey 2010-112012-132015-16 Statistical appendix website: http://indiabudget.nic.in.
Reserve Bank of India. (2013). State finances- A study of Budgets of 2012-13. January. Mumbai.
Santere, R. E.& Neun, S. P. (2007). Health economics: Theories insights and industry statistics. United States: Thomson southwestern publisher.
Subramanian, S. V., Smith, G. D. & Subramaniam, M. (2006). Indigenous health and socio-economic status in India. PLoS Medicine. October. vol.3 no.10 pp 1794-1803. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030421 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030421
Sudha, S. R. (2016). Public health in India: Issues and Challenges. International research journal of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary studies. Vol.2.pp. 29-36. Karnataka.
World Health Organization. (2010). World Health Statistics report. Geneva.