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PRAGMATISM IN SAUDI-IRANIAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE YEMENI CRISIS (2011-2019)
Corresponding Author(s) : Abdullah Alarqan
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020): March
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The study aimed at analyzing the pragmatic approaches of Saudi-Iranian relations and their impact on the Yemeni crisis (2011-2019).
Methodology: The study uses a combination of the used decision-making approach and the international system approach.
Main Findings: Saudi-Iranian relations were sometimes pragmatic because they were based on each country’s fulfillment of its national interests. This did not change the Saudi and Iranian strategy nor did it lead to loosening US domination over the Gulf region.
Applications of this study: This research can be used for academic purposes for universities, lecturers of political science, researchers, and undergraduate and postgraduate students. Also, it can be used for policy purposes for the decision-makers and politicians.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The phenomenon that existed in Saudi-Iranian relationships and referring to various previous research results, the study regarding the Saudi-Iranian relationship was conducted and presented comprehensively and completely. It is necessary to take into account this topic that can explore the Saudi-Iranian relationship and determine the extent to which topic can contribute to political science researches.
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- Adel, N. A.-N. (2011). Impact of the Political System on the Decision Making Process in Iran (1997-2015). Arab East Center for Strategic and Civilizational Studies, 5(11).
- Al- Muwadaa, A. (2015). Yemeni Crisis: Where to. Amman: Center for Middle Eastern Studies.
- Al-Hamad, J. (2016). Saudi-Iranian Relations. Amman, Jordan: Center for Middle Eastern Studies
- Al-Hamdani, Q. (2004). Basics of Political Science. Amman: Majdalawi Publishing and Distribution House.
- Al-Khawaldeh, M. (2014). Decision-Making Approach in the Syrian Crisis. Amman, Jordan: Center for Middle Eastern Studies.
- Al-Khobar, H. (2019). Saudi-Iranian Relations Retreat after Advance. Retrieved from http://www.theg uardian.com/world/2015/mar/13/Irans-advancess-creato-alarm-in-saudi-arabia-and-the-gulf-13/march/2015
- Al-Menoufi, K. (1987). Origins of Comparative Political Systems (1 ed.). Kuwait: Al-Rubaiaan Company for Publication and Distribution.
- Asadi, B. (2002). Iran and Gulf Security. Beirut: Middle East Affairs Magazine.
- Clausen, M.-L. (2015). Understanding the crisis in Yemen: Evaluating competing narratives. The International Spectator, 50(3), 16-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2015.1053707 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2015.1053707
- Commins, D. (2010). Saudi Arabia, Southern Arabia, and the Gulf States from the First World War.
- Ditto, S. (2013). Reading Rouhani: the promise and peril of Iran's new president: Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
- Easton, D. (1977). A system analysis of political life. PolitiÄka Misao, 14(01), 104-117.
- Ehteshami, A. (2014). Middle East Middle Powers: Regional Role, International Impact. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 11(42), 29-49. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.553296 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.553296
- Esfandiary, D., & Tabatabai, A. (2015). Iran's ISIS policy. International Affairs, 91(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12183
- Farideh, F. (2015). The middle east after the Nuclear Deal. Council on Foreign Relation.
- Hasan, H. (2019). A Brief Overview of Turkish-Iranian Relations. Retrieved from https://iramcenter. org/en/home/:
- Hill, G. (2017). Yemen endures civil war, Saudi adventurism, and the future of Arabia: Oxford University Press.
- Hussein, M. (2017). Saudi-Iranian Relations: Breaking Ice or Attempts to Soften. Retrieved from www.m.dw.com
- James, Z. (2013). The Rise and Fall of Fran in Arab and Muslim public opinion. Retrieved from www.Huffing
- Jibril, A. (2015). Prosp Prospects of Saudi Foreign Policy under King Salman bin Abdulaziz. Retrieved from https://www.cmes.lu.se/research/:
- Juneau, T. (2016). Iran's policy towards the Houthis in Yemen: a limited return on a modest investment. International Affairs, 92(3), 647-663. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12599 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12599
- Kazemi, I. (2001). The course of Iranian-Saudi Relations: Middle East Affairs Magazine.
- Lackner, H. (2019). Yemen in Crisis: Road to War: Verso Books.
- Mamadkul, J. (2017). Saudi Arabia–Iran’s foreign policy crisis: A case study of execution of Saudi Shia Cleric Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr. Rangsit Journal of Social Science Humanities, 4(1), 75-82.
- Melhem, A. (2016). Saudi-Iranian Relations More than (60) Years of Tension. Retrieved from www.orient-news8/9/2016/15:12
- Nawfal, A. (2016). Yemen and Iraq Crises. Retrieved from https://www.cmes.lu.se/research/:
- Pound, E. T., & Jack, J. (2004). The Iran Connection. US News World Report, 34-48.
- Rajayiy, A. (2012). Iran's Strategic on the Arab National Security in the Middle East (Master Thesis), Middle East University, Middle East University. Retrieved from https://meu.edu.jo/libraryThes es/586a06c5d00e3_1.pdf
- Saleem, E.-S. (1994). Interaction within an Institutional Intellectual Framework Triangle. Seminar on Equal Tripartite Dialogue between the Arabs, Iran, and Turkey, September 1994(33), 1-20.
- Wakim, J. (2011). Great Powers Conflict in Syria and the Geopolitical Dimensions of the 2011 Crisis. Beirut: Publications Company for Distribution and Publishing.
References
Adel, N. A.-N. (2011). Impact of the Political System on the Decision Making Process in Iran (1997-2015). Arab East Center for Strategic and Civilizational Studies, 5(11).
Al- Muwadaa, A. (2015). Yemeni Crisis: Where to. Amman: Center for Middle Eastern Studies.
Al-Hamad, J. (2016). Saudi-Iranian Relations. Amman, Jordan: Center for Middle Eastern Studies
Al-Hamdani, Q. (2004). Basics of Political Science. Amman: Majdalawi Publishing and Distribution House.
Al-Khawaldeh, M. (2014). Decision-Making Approach in the Syrian Crisis. Amman, Jordan: Center for Middle Eastern Studies.
Al-Khobar, H. (2019). Saudi-Iranian Relations Retreat after Advance. Retrieved from http://www.theg uardian.com/world/2015/mar/13/Irans-advancess-creato-alarm-in-saudi-arabia-and-the-gulf-13/march/2015
Al-Menoufi, K. (1987). Origins of Comparative Political Systems (1 ed.). Kuwait: Al-Rubaiaan Company for Publication and Distribution.
Asadi, B. (2002). Iran and Gulf Security. Beirut: Middle East Affairs Magazine.
Clausen, M.-L. (2015). Understanding the crisis in Yemen: Evaluating competing narratives. The International Spectator, 50(3), 16-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2015.1053707 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2015.1053707
Commins, D. (2010). Saudi Arabia, Southern Arabia, and the Gulf States from the First World War.
Ditto, S. (2013). Reading Rouhani: the promise and peril of Iran's new president: Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
Easton, D. (1977). A system analysis of political life. PolitiÄka Misao, 14(01), 104-117.
Ehteshami, A. (2014). Middle East Middle Powers: Regional Role, International Impact. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 11(42), 29-49. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.553296 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.553296
Esfandiary, D., & Tabatabai, A. (2015). Iran's ISIS policy. International Affairs, 91(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12183
Farideh, F. (2015). The middle east after the Nuclear Deal. Council on Foreign Relation.
Hasan, H. (2019). A Brief Overview of Turkish-Iranian Relations. Retrieved from https://iramcenter. org/en/home/:
Hill, G. (2017). Yemen endures civil war, Saudi adventurism, and the future of Arabia: Oxford University Press.
Hussein, M. (2017). Saudi-Iranian Relations: Breaking Ice or Attempts to Soften. Retrieved from www.m.dw.com
James, Z. (2013). The Rise and Fall of Fran in Arab and Muslim public opinion. Retrieved from www.Huffing
Jibril, A. (2015). Prosp Prospects of Saudi Foreign Policy under King Salman bin Abdulaziz. Retrieved from https://www.cmes.lu.se/research/:
Juneau, T. (2016). Iran's policy towards the Houthis in Yemen: a limited return on a modest investment. International Affairs, 92(3), 647-663. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12599 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12599
Kazemi, I. (2001). The course of Iranian-Saudi Relations: Middle East Affairs Magazine.
Lackner, H. (2019). Yemen in Crisis: Road to War: Verso Books.
Mamadkul, J. (2017). Saudi Arabia–Iran’s foreign policy crisis: A case study of execution of Saudi Shia Cleric Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr. Rangsit Journal of Social Science Humanities, 4(1), 75-82.
Melhem, A. (2016). Saudi-Iranian Relations More than (60) Years of Tension. Retrieved from www.orient-news8/9/2016/15:12
Nawfal, A. (2016). Yemen and Iraq Crises. Retrieved from https://www.cmes.lu.se/research/:
Pound, E. T., & Jack, J. (2004). The Iran Connection. US News World Report, 34-48.
Rajayiy, A. (2012). Iran's Strategic on the Arab National Security in the Middle East (Master Thesis), Middle East University, Middle East University. Retrieved from https://meu.edu.jo/libraryThes es/586a06c5d00e3_1.pdf
Saleem, E.-S. (1994). Interaction within an Institutional Intellectual Framework Triangle. Seminar on Equal Tripartite Dialogue between the Arabs, Iran, and Turkey, September 1994(33), 1-20.
Wakim, J. (2011). Great Powers Conflict in Syria and the Geopolitical Dimensions of the 2011 Crisis. Beirut: Publications Company for Distribution and Publishing.