Issue
Authors retain the copyright without restrictions for their published content in this journal. HSSR is a SHERPA ROMEO Green Journal.
Publishing License
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of
GENDER REGIMES OF RUSSIAN WORKING-CLASS FAMILIES
Corresponding Author(s) : Tatiana Gavrilyuk
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 3 (2020): May
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The study is aimed to examine working-class everyday culture gender regimes in modern Russia. The research is focused on intergenerational transmission of gender-normative patterns, macro-policy of power and domination in working-class families, forms of their discursive production and legitimation.
Methodology: The empirical base is represented by 30 biographical interviews with the informants aged from 21 to 33, living in Tyumen city and working in the field of industry, technical maintenance, and customer service. Reflexive analysis based on the categorical field of phenomenology and social constructionism, as well as data coding procedures, has been used as the main research tool.
Main Findings: It was found that the normative pattern of a male breadwinner, having power in a family-based on control over economic resources, still dominates among young working-class men and actively supported by the majority of young women. The financial and status dominance of a man does not cause doubts in his leadership but when a woman plays a crucial role in providing for the family, informants tend to talk about “equality†in the family.
Applications of this study: The results of the study can be used in the teaching of sociology, gender studies, and cultural studies; it can also be applied by local policymakers while developing social policy programs targeted on the regarded social group.
Novelty/Originality of this study: In the current research we have examined a particular social group at the intersection of three stratification features: social class, gender, and age. The approach of “agency within the structure†provides an opportunity to carry out a deep sociological analysis of the relations between the macro-social and personal aspects of the gender regimes framing.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Acker J. (1973) Women and social stratification: a case of intellectual sexism. The American Journal of Sociology, 78 (4), 936–945. https://doi.org/10.1086/225411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/225411
- Anderson, E. (2005). Orthodox and inclusive masculinity: Competing for masculinities among heterosexual men in a feminized terrain. Sociological Perspectives, 48(3), 337-355. https://doi.org/10.1525/sop.2005.48.3.337 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/sop.2005.48.3.337
- Augustyn, M.B. and Jackson, D.B. (2017) An intersectional look at the “rush to adulthoodâ€: Considering the role of gender, race, and SES in the link between precocious transitions and adult antisocial behavior. Youth & Society, 52 (1), 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X17725245 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X17725245
- Bettie, J. (2003) Women without class: girls, race, and identity. University of California Press.
- Bird, K. and Kruger, H. (2005) The secret of transition: The interplay of complexity and reduction in life course analysis. Advances in Life Course Research, 10, 173-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-2608(05)10006-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-2608(05)10006-9
- Britten, N. and Heath, A. (1983) Women, men, and social class. In: Gender, Class, and Work, 46-60. London: Heinemann.
- Boonstra, H.D. (2014) What is behind the declines in teen pregnancy rates? Guttmacher Policy Review, 17 (3), 15-21. Retrieved from: https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2014/09/what-behinddeclines-teen-pregnancy-rates
- Connell, R. W. (1991) Live fast and die young: The construction of masculinity among young working-class men on the margin of the labor market. Journal of Sociology, 27(2), 141-171. https://doi.org/10.1177/144078339102700201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/144078339102700201
- Crenshaw, K. (1989) Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine. The University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1 (8), 139–167. https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=uclf
- Delphy, C. (1984) Close to home: a materialist analysis of women’s oppression. London: Hutchinson.
- Gavrilyuk, T.V. (2018) Gender problematics in western class analysis: the dynamics of theoretical approaches. Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science, 24(4), 26-40. https://doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2018-24-4-26-40 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2018-24-4-26-40
- Garnsey, E. (1978) Women’s work and theories of class stratification. Sociology, 12(2), 223-243. https://doi.org/10.1177/003803857801200203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/003803857801200203
- Giddens, A. (1973) The class structure of the advanced societies. London: Hutchinson.
- Goldthorpe, J.H. (1983) Women, and class analysis: in defense of the conventional view. Sociology, 17 (4), 465-488. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038583017004001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038583017004001
- Haavio-Mannila, E. (1969) Some consequences of women’s emancipation. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 31(1), 123-134. https://doi.org/10.2307/350015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/350015
- Falk, S. and Weymann, A. (2002) Social change, the life course, and socialization: biographies of labor market entrants after unification. Advances in Life Course Research, 7, 501-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-2608(02)80044-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-2608(02)80044-2
- McCall, L. (2005) The complexity of intersectionality. Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 30 (3), 1771–1800. https://doi.org/10.1086/426800 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/426800
- Meier, A. and Allen, G. (2008) Intimate relationship development during the transition to adulthood: Differences by social class. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 119, 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.207
- Parsons, T. (1940) An analytical approach to the theory of social stratification. American Journal of Sociology, 45 (6), 841-862. https://doi.org/10.1086/218489 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/218489
- Penman-Aguilar, A., Carter, M., Snead, M.C. and Kourtis, A.P. (2013) Socioeconomic disadvantage as a social determinant of teen childbearing in the U.S., Public Health Reports, 128(2), 5-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549131282S102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549131282S102
- Pro Body. Youth Context (2013). Ed. By E.Omel'chenko, N. Nartova. Saint Petersburg: Aleteia. (In Russ.)
- Settersten, R.A. Jr. and Gannon, L. (2005) Structure, agency and space between: on the challenges and contradictions of a blended view of the life course. Advances in Life Course Research, 10, 35-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-2608(05)10001-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-2608(05)10001-X
- Tartakovskaya, I. N. (2002) Men in the labor market. Sociologicheskij zhurnal, 0 (3), 112-125. Retrieved from https://www.jour.isras.ru/index.php/socjour/article/view/758/711 (In. Russ)
- Thébaud, S. (2010) Masculinity, bargaining, and breadwinning. Gender & Society, 24(3), 330-354. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243210369105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243210369105
- Tolson, A. (1977) The Limits of Masculinity. London: Tavistock. https://www.abebooks.co.uk/Limits-Masculinity-Tolson-Andrew-London-Tavistock/332164026/bd
- Vanke, A. (2014) The corporeality of working-class men in labor regimes and the private sphere. Summary. Laboratorium, 6(1), 154–158.
- Watson W.B., Barth, E.A.T. (1964) Questionable assumptions in the theory of social stratification. Pacific Sociological Review, 7 (1), 10 -16. https://doi.org/10.2307/1388461 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1388461
- Working-class women in the academy: laborers in the knowledge factory (1993). Ed. by M.M. Tokarczyk, E.A. Fay. University of Massachusetts Press
- Zdravomyslova, E., Temkina, A. (2002). The crisis of masculinity in the late Soviet discourse. In: O muzhe(N)stvennosti: Sbornik statej. Ed. by S. Ushakin. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 432 - 452.
- Zhang, S. (2013) Cross-class families: a social capital perspective. A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of Ph.D. Birmingham, University of Birmingham.
References
Acker J. (1973) Women and social stratification: a case of intellectual sexism. The American Journal of Sociology, 78 (4), 936–945. https://doi.org/10.1086/225411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/225411
Anderson, E. (2005). Orthodox and inclusive masculinity: Competing for masculinities among heterosexual men in a feminized terrain. Sociological Perspectives, 48(3), 337-355. https://doi.org/10.1525/sop.2005.48.3.337 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/sop.2005.48.3.337
Augustyn, M.B. and Jackson, D.B. (2017) An intersectional look at the “rush to adulthoodâ€: Considering the role of gender, race, and SES in the link between precocious transitions and adult antisocial behavior. Youth & Society, 52 (1), 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X17725245 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X17725245
Bettie, J. (2003) Women without class: girls, race, and identity. University of California Press.
Bird, K. and Kruger, H. (2005) The secret of transition: The interplay of complexity and reduction in life course analysis. Advances in Life Course Research, 10, 173-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-2608(05)10006-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-2608(05)10006-9
Britten, N. and Heath, A. (1983) Women, men, and social class. In: Gender, Class, and Work, 46-60. London: Heinemann.
Boonstra, H.D. (2014) What is behind the declines in teen pregnancy rates? Guttmacher Policy Review, 17 (3), 15-21. Retrieved from: https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2014/09/what-behinddeclines-teen-pregnancy-rates
Connell, R. W. (1991) Live fast and die young: The construction of masculinity among young working-class men on the margin of the labor market. Journal of Sociology, 27(2), 141-171. https://doi.org/10.1177/144078339102700201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/144078339102700201
Crenshaw, K. (1989) Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine. The University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1 (8), 139–167. https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=uclf
Delphy, C. (1984) Close to home: a materialist analysis of women’s oppression. London: Hutchinson.
Gavrilyuk, T.V. (2018) Gender problematics in western class analysis: the dynamics of theoretical approaches. Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science, 24(4), 26-40. https://doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2018-24-4-26-40 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2018-24-4-26-40
Garnsey, E. (1978) Women’s work and theories of class stratification. Sociology, 12(2), 223-243. https://doi.org/10.1177/003803857801200203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/003803857801200203
Giddens, A. (1973) The class structure of the advanced societies. London: Hutchinson.
Goldthorpe, J.H. (1983) Women, and class analysis: in defense of the conventional view. Sociology, 17 (4), 465-488. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038583017004001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038583017004001
Haavio-Mannila, E. (1969) Some consequences of women’s emancipation. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 31(1), 123-134. https://doi.org/10.2307/350015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/350015
Falk, S. and Weymann, A. (2002) Social change, the life course, and socialization: biographies of labor market entrants after unification. Advances in Life Course Research, 7, 501-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-2608(02)80044-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-2608(02)80044-2
McCall, L. (2005) The complexity of intersectionality. Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 30 (3), 1771–1800. https://doi.org/10.1086/426800 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/426800
Meier, A. and Allen, G. (2008) Intimate relationship development during the transition to adulthood: Differences by social class. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 119, 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.207
Parsons, T. (1940) An analytical approach to the theory of social stratification. American Journal of Sociology, 45 (6), 841-862. https://doi.org/10.1086/218489 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/218489
Penman-Aguilar, A., Carter, M., Snead, M.C. and Kourtis, A.P. (2013) Socioeconomic disadvantage as a social determinant of teen childbearing in the U.S., Public Health Reports, 128(2), 5-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549131282S102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549131282S102
Pro Body. Youth Context (2013). Ed. By E.Omel'chenko, N. Nartova. Saint Petersburg: Aleteia. (In Russ.)
Settersten, R.A. Jr. and Gannon, L. (2005) Structure, agency and space between: on the challenges and contradictions of a blended view of the life course. Advances in Life Course Research, 10, 35-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-2608(05)10001-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-2608(05)10001-X
Tartakovskaya, I. N. (2002) Men in the labor market. Sociologicheskij zhurnal, 0 (3), 112-125. Retrieved from https://www.jour.isras.ru/index.php/socjour/article/view/758/711 (In. Russ)
Thébaud, S. (2010) Masculinity, bargaining, and breadwinning. Gender & Society, 24(3), 330-354. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243210369105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243210369105
Tolson, A. (1977) The Limits of Masculinity. London: Tavistock. https://www.abebooks.co.uk/Limits-Masculinity-Tolson-Andrew-London-Tavistock/332164026/bd
Vanke, A. (2014) The corporeality of working-class men in labor regimes and the private sphere. Summary. Laboratorium, 6(1), 154–158.
Watson W.B., Barth, E.A.T. (1964) Questionable assumptions in the theory of social stratification. Pacific Sociological Review, 7 (1), 10 -16. https://doi.org/10.2307/1388461 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1388461
Working-class women in the academy: laborers in the knowledge factory (1993). Ed. by M.M. Tokarczyk, E.A. Fay. University of Massachusetts Press
Zdravomyslova, E., Temkina, A. (2002). The crisis of masculinity in the late Soviet discourse. In: O muzhe(N)stvennosti: Sbornik statej. Ed. by S. Ushakin. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 432 - 452.
Zhang, S. (2013) Cross-class families: a social capital perspective. A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of Ph.D. Birmingham, University of Birmingham.
Funding data
-
Russian Science Foundation
Grant numbers 17-78-20062