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SEMIOTIC MODEL FOR EQUIVALENCE AND NON-EQUIVALENCE IN TRANSLATION
Corresponding Author(s) : Muhammad Hasyim
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 3 (2020): May
Abstract
Purpose of the study: Not all languages have a universal concept of the same object, and this creates problems in translation. This paper aims to examine the semiotic model for equivalence or non-equivalence in translation which attempts to define the semiotic model, to use the model for translation, and to offer the benefits of this model to solving translation’s problem in equivalence and non-equivalence.
Methodology: The data of this research are derived from the novel Lelaki Harimau, as the source language and L'homme Tigre, as the target language. This model is used in the Indonesian novel which has been translated into 14 languages, one of which is in French. The authors use a semiotic approach to analyze the equivalence and non-equivalence in the translation.
Main Findings: This study reveals that the concept of signified in the semiotic theory proposes two models: the first: translation using the same concept in the source text (ST) and target text (TT), which is broadly known as equivalence, the second: translation using different concept between ST and TT, this called non-equivalence. This article not only explores the issue of meaning contextually in translation, but also the use of the semiotic model in translation which shows that the language perspective depends on the relationship between the sign and the object.
Applications of this study: The model for this study can be used not only in translation studies at universities but also in providing supporting data for applied linguistic studies.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides a novelty in translation research with a semiotic approach. The contribution of this study is that the semiotics perspective suggests that a sign in the concept level (signified) will not be universal due to different cultural backgrounds.
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- Allan, Keith. 2007. The pragmatics of connotation. Journal of Pragmatics. 39, 1047–1057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.08.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.08.004
- Astari, Gita P., Hasyim, Muhammad, Kuswarini, Prasuri. 2019. Penerjemahan Metafora Novel “Lelaki Harimau†ke dalam “L’homme Tigreâ€. Jurnal Ilmu Budaya, 7 (1), 83-93.
- Catford, J.C. (1978). A Linguistic Theory of Translation.Oxford University Press.
- Camus, Albert. (1942). L’Étranger. Gallimard.
- Danesi, Marcel. (2004). Messages, Signs, and Meanings. Canadian Scholars’ Press Inc.
- Danesi, Marcel. (2010). Pengantar Memahami Semiotika Media.Jalasutra.
- DÃaz-Pérez, Francisco Javier. (2014). Relevance Theory and translation: Translating punsin Spanish film titles into English. Journal of Pragmatics, 70, 108–129 .https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2014.06.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2014.06.007
- Elena, Burmakova & Marugina, I. Nadezda. 2014. Cognitive Approach to Metaphor Translation in Literary Discourse. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 154, 527-533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.180 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.180
- Evans, Nicholas & Levinson, Stephen. (2009). The Myth of Language Universals: Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science. Behavioral and brain sciences. 32, (5) 429–448. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0999094X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0999094X
- Hernández, Daniel Gallego, Igualada, Miguel Tolosa et Masseau, Paola. (2018). Traduction de genres économiques de l’espagnol vers l’allemand, le français et l’anglais et vice-versa. Enquête auprès d’entreprises exportatrices. Meta.63 (1), 30–46. https://doi.org/10.7202/1050513ar DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1050513ar
- Hoed, Benny (1992) Kala dalam Novel: Fungsi dan Penerjemahannya. sebuah kajian tentang penerjemahan Perancis-Indonesia. Gadjah Mada University Press.
- Jakobson, Roman, (2012). On linguistic aspects of translation. In: Venuti, L. (Ed.), The Translation Studies Reader. 3rd ed. Routledge.
- Kaharuddin, A. (2018). The communicative grammar-translation method: a practical method to teach communication skills of English. ETERNAL (English, Teaching, Learning, and Research Journal), 4(2), 232-254. https://doi.org/10.24252/Eternal.V42.2018.A8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24252/Eternal.V42.2018.A8
- Kos, Petr. (2019). Metaphor and metonymy as a means of the economy of expression. Journal of Theoretical Linguistic, 16 (1), 146-161.
- Kristmannsson, G. (2018). Literary Translations and the Making of Originals, by Karen Emmerich. Translation and Literature, 27(3), 390–395. https://doi.org/10.3366/tal.2018.0362 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3366/tal.2018.0362
- Kurniawan, Eka. (2004). Lelaki Harimau. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
- Kurniawan, Eka. (2016). L’homme-tigre. (Translated by Etienne Naveau). Folio.
- Kuswarini, Prasuri. (2014). A Shift of Ideology in the Translation of Karl May’s Work Und Friede auf Erden! into the Indonesian Language. International Journal of Comparative Literature & Translation Studies. 2 (3), 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.2n.3p.42 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.2n.3p.42
- Liu, Lixiang. (2018). Partial equivalences in bilingual dictionaries: Classification, causes, and compensations. Lingua. 214, 11–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2018.08.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2018.08.001
- Mehawesh, Mohammad Issa. (2014). The Socio-Semiotic Theory of Language and Translation: An overview. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 4 (8), 87–96.
- O’Grady, William. (2010). Fundamental universals of language. Lingua 120, 2707–2712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2010.03.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2010.03.006
- Panou, Despoina. (2013). Equivalence in Translation Theories: A Critical Evaluation. Theory and Practice in Language Studies. 3(1), 1–6.doi.org /10.4304/tpls.3.1.1-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.1.1-6
- Rigotti, E., and Rocci, A. (2006). Denotation versus Connotation. Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics (Keith Brown. Ed.). Pages 436-444. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01404-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01404-8
- Russell, Bertrand. (1959). Logical positivism. Revue Internationale de Philosophie.
- Saussure, de Ferdinand. (1959). Course in General Linguistics. McGraw-Hill Book Company.
- Stepanova, Valentina V., Meshkova, Irina N., Sheremetieva, Olga A., MaÅ¡tálka, JiÅ™Ã. 2018. Refugee Flows at Border Crossing Points: Legal, Social, and Language Aspects. Journal of Social Studies Education Research. 9 (3), 296-316.
- Valerio, Anna. (2013). Translation and ideology: a critical reading. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 70, 986 – 996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.149 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.149
- Wang, Weiqing. (2013). The Role of Source Text Translation in a Simulated Summary Writing Test: What Do Test Takers Say? The Asian EFL Journal. 15, (1), 246-270.
- Wongranu, Pattanapong. (2017). Errors in translation made by English major students: A study on types and causes. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences. 38, 117–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2016.11.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2016.11.003
References
Allan, Keith. 2007. The pragmatics of connotation. Journal of Pragmatics. 39, 1047–1057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.08.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.08.004
Astari, Gita P., Hasyim, Muhammad, Kuswarini, Prasuri. 2019. Penerjemahan Metafora Novel “Lelaki Harimau†ke dalam “L’homme Tigreâ€. Jurnal Ilmu Budaya, 7 (1), 83-93.
Catford, J.C. (1978). A Linguistic Theory of Translation.Oxford University Press.
Camus, Albert. (1942). L’Étranger. Gallimard.
Danesi, Marcel. (2004). Messages, Signs, and Meanings. Canadian Scholars’ Press Inc.
Danesi, Marcel. (2010). Pengantar Memahami Semiotika Media.Jalasutra.
DÃaz-Pérez, Francisco Javier. (2014). Relevance Theory and translation: Translating punsin Spanish film titles into English. Journal of Pragmatics, 70, 108–129 .https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2014.06.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2014.06.007
Elena, Burmakova & Marugina, I. Nadezda. 2014. Cognitive Approach to Metaphor Translation in Literary Discourse. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 154, 527-533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.180 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.180
Evans, Nicholas & Levinson, Stephen. (2009). The Myth of Language Universals: Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science. Behavioral and brain sciences. 32, (5) 429–448. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0999094X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0999094X
Hernández, Daniel Gallego, Igualada, Miguel Tolosa et Masseau, Paola. (2018). Traduction de genres économiques de l’espagnol vers l’allemand, le français et l’anglais et vice-versa. Enquête auprès d’entreprises exportatrices. Meta.63 (1), 30–46. https://doi.org/10.7202/1050513ar DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1050513ar
Hoed, Benny (1992) Kala dalam Novel: Fungsi dan Penerjemahannya. sebuah kajian tentang penerjemahan Perancis-Indonesia. Gadjah Mada University Press.
Jakobson, Roman, (2012). On linguistic aspects of translation. In: Venuti, L. (Ed.), The Translation Studies Reader. 3rd ed. Routledge.
Kaharuddin, A. (2018). The communicative grammar-translation method: a practical method to teach communication skills of English. ETERNAL (English, Teaching, Learning, and Research Journal), 4(2), 232-254. https://doi.org/10.24252/Eternal.V42.2018.A8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24252/Eternal.V42.2018.A8
Kos, Petr. (2019). Metaphor and metonymy as a means of the economy of expression. Journal of Theoretical Linguistic, 16 (1), 146-161.
Kristmannsson, G. (2018). Literary Translations and the Making of Originals, by Karen Emmerich. Translation and Literature, 27(3), 390–395. https://doi.org/10.3366/tal.2018.0362 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3366/tal.2018.0362
Kurniawan, Eka. (2004). Lelaki Harimau. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Kurniawan, Eka. (2016). L’homme-tigre. (Translated by Etienne Naveau). Folio.
Kuswarini, Prasuri. (2014). A Shift of Ideology in the Translation of Karl May’s Work Und Friede auf Erden! into the Indonesian Language. International Journal of Comparative Literature & Translation Studies. 2 (3), 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.2n.3p.42 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.2n.3p.42
Liu, Lixiang. (2018). Partial equivalences in bilingual dictionaries: Classification, causes, and compensations. Lingua. 214, 11–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2018.08.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2018.08.001
Mehawesh, Mohammad Issa. (2014). The Socio-Semiotic Theory of Language and Translation: An overview. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 4 (8), 87–96.
O’Grady, William. (2010). Fundamental universals of language. Lingua 120, 2707–2712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2010.03.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2010.03.006
Panou, Despoina. (2013). Equivalence in Translation Theories: A Critical Evaluation. Theory and Practice in Language Studies. 3(1), 1–6.doi.org /10.4304/tpls.3.1.1-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.1.1-6
Rigotti, E., and Rocci, A. (2006). Denotation versus Connotation. Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics (Keith Brown. Ed.). Pages 436-444. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01404-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01404-8
Russell, Bertrand. (1959). Logical positivism. Revue Internationale de Philosophie.
Saussure, de Ferdinand. (1959). Course in General Linguistics. McGraw-Hill Book Company.
Stepanova, Valentina V., Meshkova, Irina N., Sheremetieva, Olga A., MaÅ¡tálka, JiÅ™Ã. 2018. Refugee Flows at Border Crossing Points: Legal, Social, and Language Aspects. Journal of Social Studies Education Research. 9 (3), 296-316.
Valerio, Anna. (2013). Translation and ideology: a critical reading. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 70, 986 – 996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.149 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.149
Wang, Weiqing. (2013). The Role of Source Text Translation in a Simulated Summary Writing Test: What Do Test Takers Say? The Asian EFL Journal. 15, (1), 246-270.
Wongranu, Pattanapong. (2017). Errors in translation made by English major students: A study on types and causes. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences. 38, 117–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2016.11.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2016.11.003