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INTRAPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES IN FASHION COMPANY: DISTINCTIVE BETWEEN MANAGERIAL AND NON-MANAGERIAL LEVEL
Corresponding Author(s) : Made Andriani
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 1 (2020): January
Abstract
Purpose of the study: Human resources are the main factor of competitive advantage in an organization, so the quality of employees becomes essential. This study aims to identify distinctive competencies for managerial and non-managerial levels in the fashion industry. Different job level needs a different level of skills and it shows the variation in training needs.
Methodology: This research was done using qualitative studies with structured literature review and semi-structured interviews with managers as a preliminary stage. The primary research was done through a survey method using questionnaires distributed to 200 employees in a fashion company.
Result: The result shows that there were nine different competencies needed by managerial and non-managerial level, namely (1) Achievement orientation, (2) Concern for order, (3) Information seeking, (4) Relationship building, (5) Developing others, (6) Teamwork, (7) Team leadership, (8) Analytical thinking, and (9) Sense of humor. Besides, it was found that both positions need Entrepreneurial thinking and Innovation management competencies at a similar level of importance. This similarity shows that all levels of employees must own the intrapreneurship spirit in the company because the product and business innovation can come from all employees.
Applications of this study: Differences in competency requirements at managerial and non-managerial levels will have an impact on variations in the needs pf employee training and development. For example, in achievement orientation competency, training for the managerial level is directed not only to meet targets but to the possibility of creating new business opportunities.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The result of the literature study shows that many previous studies have identified competency models in the creative industries. Still, only a few have identified in detail the differences in intrapreneur competency needs at managerial and non-managerial levels.
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- Aisha, A. N., Siswanto, J., and Sudirman I. (2016, December). Competencies Model for Entrepreneur Development in Software Industries. In Proceedings of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 184-188. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM.2016.7797861 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM.2016.7797861
- Aisha, A. N., Sudirman, I., Siswanto, J., and Andriani, M. (2019). A Competency Model for SMEs in the Creative Economy. International Journal of Business, 24(4), 369-392.
- Bosma, N., Wennekers, S., and Stam, E. (2010). Intrapreneurship: An international study. EIM Business and Policy Research.
- Cadar, O., and Badulescu, D. (2015). Entrepreneur, entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship. A literature review. The Annals of The University of Oradea, Economic Sciences, 2(24), 658-664.
- Chouhan, V. S., and Srivastava, S. (2014). Understanding competencies and competency modelling―A literature survey. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(1), 14-22. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-16111422 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-16111422
- Dai, G., and Liang, K. (2012). Competency modelling research and practice in China: a literature review. Journal of Chinese Human Resources Management, 3(1), 49-66. https://doi.org/10.1108/20408001211220566 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/20408001211220566
- Dubois, D. D., and Rothwell, W. J. (2004). Competency-Based Human Resource Management. Davies-Black Publishing, California.
- Hair, J.F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., and Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
- Hu, M. L. M. (2010). Developing a core competency model of innovative culinary development. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(4), 582-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.10.024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.10.024
- Indonesia Creative Economy Agency (2017). Profil Usaha/Perusahaan 16 Subsektor Ekonomi Kreatif Berdasarkan Sensus Ekonomi 2016 (katalog: 9102060). Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta. Available: http://www.bekraf.go.id. [Accessed March, 2018].
- Maier, V. and Zenovia, C.P. (2011). Entrepreneurship versus Intrapreneurship. Review of International Comparative Management. 12(5), 971-976
- Mietzner, D., and Kamprath, M. (2013). A competence portfolio for professionals in the creative industries. Creativity and Innovation Management, 22(3), 280-294. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12026
- Müller, K., Rammer, C., and Trüby, J. (2009). The role of creative industries in industrial innovation. Innovation, 11(2), 148-168. https://doi.org/10.5172/impp.11.2.148 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5172/impp.11.2.148
- Rathna, K. G., and Vijaya, T. G. (2009). Competencies of entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs: A comparative study. South Asian Journal of Management, 16(2), 28.
- Siswanto, J. (2013). Implementasi Sistem Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Berbasis Kompetensi Terpadu: Strategi Pengembangan Organisasi Pendekatan Sistem. Penerbit ITB, Bandung.
- Spencer L. M., and Spencer, S. M. (1993). Competence at Work: Models for Superior Performance. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
- Vargas-HalabÃ, T., Mora-Esquivel, R., and Siles, B. (2017). Intrapreneurial competencies: development and validation of a measurement scale. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 26(1), 86-111. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-07-2017-006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-07-2017-006
- Wickramasinghe, V., and Zoyza, N. D. (2009). An assessment of managerial competency needs: Empirical evidence from a Sri Lankan telecommunication service provider. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(12), 2547-2567. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190903363854 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190903363854
References
Aisha, A. N., Siswanto, J., and Sudirman I. (2016, December). Competencies Model for Entrepreneur Development in Software Industries. In Proceedings of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 184-188. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM.2016.7797861 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM.2016.7797861
Aisha, A. N., Sudirman, I., Siswanto, J., and Andriani, M. (2019). A Competency Model for SMEs in the Creative Economy. International Journal of Business, 24(4), 369-392.
Bosma, N., Wennekers, S., and Stam, E. (2010). Intrapreneurship: An international study. EIM Business and Policy Research.
Cadar, O., and Badulescu, D. (2015). Entrepreneur, entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship. A literature review. The Annals of The University of Oradea, Economic Sciences, 2(24), 658-664.
Chouhan, V. S., and Srivastava, S. (2014). Understanding competencies and competency modelling―A literature survey. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(1), 14-22. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-16111422 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-16111422
Dai, G., and Liang, K. (2012). Competency modelling research and practice in China: a literature review. Journal of Chinese Human Resources Management, 3(1), 49-66. https://doi.org/10.1108/20408001211220566 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/20408001211220566
Dubois, D. D., and Rothwell, W. J. (2004). Competency-Based Human Resource Management. Davies-Black Publishing, California.
Hair, J.F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., and Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
Hu, M. L. M. (2010). Developing a core competency model of innovative culinary development. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(4), 582-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.10.024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.10.024
Indonesia Creative Economy Agency (2017). Profil Usaha/Perusahaan 16 Subsektor Ekonomi Kreatif Berdasarkan Sensus Ekonomi 2016 (katalog: 9102060). Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta. Available: http://www.bekraf.go.id. [Accessed March, 2018].
Maier, V. and Zenovia, C.P. (2011). Entrepreneurship versus Intrapreneurship. Review of International Comparative Management. 12(5), 971-976
Mietzner, D., and Kamprath, M. (2013). A competence portfolio for professionals in the creative industries. Creativity and Innovation Management, 22(3), 280-294. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12026
Müller, K., Rammer, C., and Trüby, J. (2009). The role of creative industries in industrial innovation. Innovation, 11(2), 148-168. https://doi.org/10.5172/impp.11.2.148 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5172/impp.11.2.148
Rathna, K. G., and Vijaya, T. G. (2009). Competencies of entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs: A comparative study. South Asian Journal of Management, 16(2), 28.
Siswanto, J. (2013). Implementasi Sistem Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Berbasis Kompetensi Terpadu: Strategi Pengembangan Organisasi Pendekatan Sistem. Penerbit ITB, Bandung.
Spencer L. M., and Spencer, S. M. (1993). Competence at Work: Models for Superior Performance. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Vargas-HalabÃ, T., Mora-Esquivel, R., and Siles, B. (2017). Intrapreneurial competencies: development and validation of a measurement scale. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 26(1), 86-111. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-07-2017-006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-07-2017-006
Wickramasinghe, V., and Zoyza, N. D. (2009). An assessment of managerial competency needs: Empirical evidence from a Sri Lankan telecommunication service provider. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(12), 2547-2567. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190903363854 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190903363854