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DIMENSION OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR AND ITS EFFECT TOWARD EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE AT CAPITAL INVESTMENT AND LICENSING SERVICE OFFICE SOUTH BURU DISTRICT
Corresponding Author(s) : Mohamad Arsad Rahawarin
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020): March
Abstract
Purpose of the study: Analyze the dimensions of OCB (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and transformational leadership) on employee performance at the Department of Investment and Licensing Services of South Buru District.
Methodology: Explanatory research conducted for four months from June to September 2017, the population in this research is all Government employees of the Investment and Licensing Service of South Buru District as many as 303 people. This stratified sampling technique proportionately based on the percentage in the population with the number of samples based on the sample tables developed by Issac and Michael for 189 people.
Results: 1) Job satisfaction variable, organizational commitment, and transformational leadership through OCB variable simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employee performance variables. 2) The transformational leadership variable's considerable contribution to OCB is 52 percent. 3) The direct and indirect influence of job satisfaction variable, organizational commitment, and transformational leadership on performance through OCB variable of 93 percent.
Applications of this study: Variable of transformational leadership shows that the power of transformational leadership is a booster for work satisfaction and organizational commitment in increasing employees’ OCB, direct effect and indirect work satisfaction Variable show that the employees’ performance increased through OCB strengthening in the form of work satisfaction, organization commitment, and transformational leadership.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The organization will function more effectively if employees contribute beyond their formal tasks. Therefore, it takes a transformer-minded leader, thereby increasing the satisfaction and commitment of the organization.
Keywords
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- Allen, T., & Rush, M. (1998). The effects of organizational citizenship behaviour on performance judgments: a field study and a laboratory experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 247–260. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.2.247 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.2.247
- Alotaibi, A. G. (2001). Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Study of Public Personnel in Kuwait. Public Personnel Management, 30(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/009102600103000306 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/009102600103000306
- Arianty, N. (2014). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 14(2), 144–150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30596/jimb.v14i2.189
- Bateman, T. S., & Organ, D. W. (1983). Job Satisfaction and the Good Soldier: The Relationship between effect and Employee “Citizenship.†The Academy of Management Journal, 26(4), 587–595. https://doi.org/10.2307/255908 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/255908
- Bergeron, D. M. (2001). The potential paradox of organizational citizenship behaviour: Good citizens at what cost? Academy of Management Review, 32(4). https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.26585791 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.26585791
- Brahmasari, I. A., & Suprayetno, A. (2008). Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Kepemimpinan dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Serta Dampaknya pada Kinerja Perusahaan (Studi kasus pada PT. Pei Hai International Wiratama Indonesia). Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 10(2).
- Cox, T. (1991). The multicultural organization. Academy of Management Perspectives, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.1991.4274675 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.1991.4274675
- Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review. Journal of Management, 31(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
- Dwiyanto, A. (2018). Manajemen Pelayanan Publik: Peduli Inklusif Dan Kolaborasi. Yogyakarta: UGM Press.
- Eastman, K. K. (2017). In the Eyes of the Beholder: An Attributional Approach to Ingratiation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 37(5). https://doi.org/10.5465/256678 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256678
- Elkana. (2014). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Pegawai Pada Kantor Kecamatan Damai Kabupaten Kutai Barat. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 3(2). Retrieved from http://ejurnal.untag-smd.ac.id/index.php/PD/article/view/815
- Feather, N. ., & Rauter, K. A. (2004). Organizational citizenship behaviours concerning job status, job insecurity, organizational commitment and identification, job satisfaction and work values. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317904322915928 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1348/096317904322915928
- Gunara, A., Ali, M., & Haerani, S. (2009). Analysis of The Impact of Transformational Leadership, Working Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment Towards the Organizational Citizenry Behaviour in PT. International Indonesia Nickel. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis. Retrieved from pasca.unhas.ac.id
- Hasbi, Sukimi, M. F., Latief, M. I., & Yusriadi, Y. (2019). Compromise In Traditional Ceremonies: A Case Study of The Rambu Solo’ Ceremony In Toraja Regency. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(6). https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7651 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7651
- Jahangir, N., Akbar, M., & Begum, N. B. (2006). The Role of Social Power, Procedural Justice, Organizational Commitment, and Job Satisfaction to Engender Organizational Citizenship Behavior. ABAC Stands for Assumption Business Administration College, 26(3). Retrieved from http://www.assumptionjournal.au.edu/index.php/abacjournal/article/view/589
- Jahangir, N., Akbar, M. M., & Haq, M. (2004). Organizational citizenship behaviour: Its nature and antecedents. BRAC University Journal, 1(2), 75–85.
- Koesmono, H. T. (2005). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Motivasi Dan Kepuasan Kerja Serta Kinerja Karyawan Pada Sub Sektor Industri Pengolahan Kayu Skala Menengah Di Jawa Timur. Jurusan Ekonomi Manajemen, 7(2), 162–179. Retrieved from http://puslit.petra.ac.id/~puslit/journals/
- Krishnan, V. R. (2001). Value systems of transformational leaders. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 22(3), 126–132. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730110389274 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730110389274
- Lian, L. K., & Tui, L. G. (2012). Leadership Styles and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Subordinates’ Competence and Downward Influence Tactics. Journal Of Applied Business And Economics, 13(2). Retrieved from http://www.na-businesspress.com/JABE/lian_abstract.html
- Liyas, J. N. (2017). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Karyawan Pada PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 2(2).
- Lowe, K. B., Kroeck, K. G., & Sivasubramaniam, N. (1996). Effectiveness correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic review of the mlq literature. The Leadership Quartely, 7(3), 385–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(96)90027-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(96)90027-2
- Luthans, F. (2002). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behaviour. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(6), 695–706. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.165 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.165
- MacKenzie, Podsakoff, & Jarvis. (2005). The problem of measurement model misspecification in behavioural and organizational research and some recommended solutions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 710–730. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.710 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.710
- Mamman, A., Kamoche, K., & Bakuwa, R. (2012). Diversity, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour: An organizing framework. Human Resource Management Review, 22(4), 285–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2011.12.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2011.12.003
- Markovits, Y., Davis, A. J., & Dick, R. Van. (2007). Organizational Commitment Profiles and Job Satisfaction among Greek Private and Public Sector Employees. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595807075180 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595807075180
- Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
- Miller, D., & Lee, J. (2001). The people make the process: commitment to employees, decision making, and performance. Journal of Management, 27(2), 163–189. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630102700203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630102700203
- Organ, Dennis, W., Konovsky, & Mary. (1989). Cognitive versus affective determinants of organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(1), 157–164. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.1.157 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.1.157
- Piccolo, R. F., & Colquit, J. A. (2006). Transformational Leadership and Job Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Core Job Characteristics. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2). https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.20786079 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.20786079
- Podsakoff, Ahearne, & MacKenzie. (2006). Organizational citizenship behaviour and the quantity and quality of workgroup performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(2), 267–270. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.262 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.262
- Podsakoff, P. M., Ahearne, M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Organizational citizenship behaviour and the quantity and quality of workgroup performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(2), 262–270. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.262 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.262
- Puspaningsih, A. (2004). Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dan Kinerja Manajer Perusahaan Manufaktur. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Auditing Indonesia.
- Raziq, A., & Maulabakhsh, R. (2015). Impact of Working Environment on Job Satisfaction. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 717–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00524-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00524-9
- Riketta, M. (2005). Organizational identification: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(2), 358–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.05.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.05.005
- Rivai, V., & Mulyadi, D. (2008). Kepemimpinan dan Perilaku Organisasi (4th ed.). Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.
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- Robbins, S. P. (1999). Layoff-Survivor Sickness: A Missing Topic in Organizational Behavior. Journal of Management Education, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/105256299902300104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/105256299902300104
- Robinson, S. L., & Morrison, E. W. (1995). Psychological contracts and OCB: The effect of unfulfilled obligations on civic virtue behaviour. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(3), 289–298. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030160309 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030160309
- Solinger, O. N., van Olffen, W., & Roe, R. A. (2008). Beyond the three-component model of organizational commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 70–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.70 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.70
- Steers, R. M. (1977). Antecedents and Outcomes of Organizational Commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22(1), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391745 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2391745
- Sun, L.-Y., Aryee, S., & Law, K. S. (2007). High-Performance Human Resource Practices, Citizenship Behavior, and Organizational Performance: A Relational Perspective. The Academy of Management Journal, 50(3), 558–577. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159873 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20159873
- Tang, T. L.-P., & Ibrahim, A. H. S. (1998). Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior Revisited: Public Personnel in the United States and the Middle East. Public Personnel Management, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/009102609802700407 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/009102609802700407
- Tsai, M.-T., & Huang, C.-C. (2008). The Relationship among Ethical Climate Types, Facets of Job Satisfaction, and the Three Components of Organizational Commitment: A Study of Nurses in Taiwan. Journal of Business Ethics, 80, 565–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9455-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9455-8
- Widodo, U. (2006). Analisis Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Bawahan (Studi Empiris Pada Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Di Kota Semarang). Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi, 1(2), 92–108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.34152/fe.1.2.%25p
- Yusriadi. (2018). Bureaucratic Reform Barriers: A Case Study on the One Stop-Integrated Service Office in Bone Regency. Jurnal Kebijakan Dan Administrasi Publik, 22(2), 146–154. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkap.34536 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkap.34536
- Yusriadi, Akib, H., & Ichsan, A. (2018). Bureaucratic Reform in Public Service: A Case Study on the One Stop-Integrated Service. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n2p253 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n2p253
References
Allen, T., & Rush, M. (1998). The effects of organizational citizenship behaviour on performance judgments: a field study and a laboratory experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 247–260. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.2.247 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.2.247
Alotaibi, A. G. (2001). Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Study of Public Personnel in Kuwait. Public Personnel Management, 30(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/009102600103000306 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/009102600103000306
Arianty, N. (2014). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 14(2), 144–150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30596/jimb.v14i2.189
Bateman, T. S., & Organ, D. W. (1983). Job Satisfaction and the Good Soldier: The Relationship between effect and Employee “Citizenship.†The Academy of Management Journal, 26(4), 587–595. https://doi.org/10.2307/255908 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/255908
Bergeron, D. M. (2001). The potential paradox of organizational citizenship behaviour: Good citizens at what cost? Academy of Management Review, 32(4). https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.26585791 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.26585791
Brahmasari, I. A., & Suprayetno, A. (2008). Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Kepemimpinan dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Serta Dampaknya pada Kinerja Perusahaan (Studi kasus pada PT. Pei Hai International Wiratama Indonesia). Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 10(2).
Cox, T. (1991). The multicultural organization. Academy of Management Perspectives, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.1991.4274675 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.1991.4274675
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review. Journal of Management, 31(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
Dwiyanto, A. (2018). Manajemen Pelayanan Publik: Peduli Inklusif Dan Kolaborasi. Yogyakarta: UGM Press.
Eastman, K. K. (2017). In the Eyes of the Beholder: An Attributional Approach to Ingratiation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 37(5). https://doi.org/10.5465/256678 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256678
Elkana. (2014). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Pegawai Pada Kantor Kecamatan Damai Kabupaten Kutai Barat. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 3(2). Retrieved from http://ejurnal.untag-smd.ac.id/index.php/PD/article/view/815
Feather, N. ., & Rauter, K. A. (2004). Organizational citizenship behaviours concerning job status, job insecurity, organizational commitment and identification, job satisfaction and work values. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317904322915928 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1348/096317904322915928
Gunara, A., Ali, M., & Haerani, S. (2009). Analysis of The Impact of Transformational Leadership, Working Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment Towards the Organizational Citizenry Behaviour in PT. International Indonesia Nickel. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis. Retrieved from pasca.unhas.ac.id
Hasbi, Sukimi, M. F., Latief, M. I., & Yusriadi, Y. (2019). Compromise In Traditional Ceremonies: A Case Study of The Rambu Solo’ Ceremony In Toraja Regency. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(6). https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7651 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7651
Jahangir, N., Akbar, M., & Begum, N. B. (2006). The Role of Social Power, Procedural Justice, Organizational Commitment, and Job Satisfaction to Engender Organizational Citizenship Behavior. ABAC Stands for Assumption Business Administration College, 26(3). Retrieved from http://www.assumptionjournal.au.edu/index.php/abacjournal/article/view/589
Jahangir, N., Akbar, M. M., & Haq, M. (2004). Organizational citizenship behaviour: Its nature and antecedents. BRAC University Journal, 1(2), 75–85.
Koesmono, H. T. (2005). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Motivasi Dan Kepuasan Kerja Serta Kinerja Karyawan Pada Sub Sektor Industri Pengolahan Kayu Skala Menengah Di Jawa Timur. Jurusan Ekonomi Manajemen, 7(2), 162–179. Retrieved from http://puslit.petra.ac.id/~puslit/journals/
Krishnan, V. R. (2001). Value systems of transformational leaders. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 22(3), 126–132. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730110389274 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730110389274
Lian, L. K., & Tui, L. G. (2012). Leadership Styles and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Subordinates’ Competence and Downward Influence Tactics. Journal Of Applied Business And Economics, 13(2). Retrieved from http://www.na-businesspress.com/JABE/lian_abstract.html
Liyas, J. N. (2017). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Karyawan Pada PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 2(2).
Lowe, K. B., Kroeck, K. G., & Sivasubramaniam, N. (1996). Effectiveness correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic review of the mlq literature. The Leadership Quartely, 7(3), 385–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(96)90027-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(96)90027-2
Luthans, F. (2002). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behaviour. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(6), 695–706. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.165 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.165
MacKenzie, Podsakoff, & Jarvis. (2005). The problem of measurement model misspecification in behavioural and organizational research and some recommended solutions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 710–730. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.710 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.710
Mamman, A., Kamoche, K., & Bakuwa, R. (2012). Diversity, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour: An organizing framework. Human Resource Management Review, 22(4), 285–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2011.12.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2011.12.003
Markovits, Y., Davis, A. J., & Dick, R. Van. (2007). Organizational Commitment Profiles and Job Satisfaction among Greek Private and Public Sector Employees. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595807075180 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595807075180
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
Miller, D., & Lee, J. (2001). The people make the process: commitment to employees, decision making, and performance. Journal of Management, 27(2), 163–189. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630102700203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630102700203
Organ, Dennis, W., Konovsky, & Mary. (1989). Cognitive versus affective determinants of organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(1), 157–164. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.1.157 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.1.157
Piccolo, R. F., & Colquit, J. A. (2006). Transformational Leadership and Job Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Core Job Characteristics. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2). https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.20786079 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.20786079
Podsakoff, Ahearne, & MacKenzie. (2006). Organizational citizenship behaviour and the quantity and quality of workgroup performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(2), 267–270. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.262 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.262
Podsakoff, P. M., Ahearne, M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Organizational citizenship behaviour and the quantity and quality of workgroup performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(2), 262–270. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.262 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.262
Puspaningsih, A. (2004). Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dan Kinerja Manajer Perusahaan Manufaktur. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Auditing Indonesia.
Raziq, A., & Maulabakhsh, R. (2015). Impact of Working Environment on Job Satisfaction. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 717–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00524-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00524-9
Riketta, M. (2005). Organizational identification: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(2), 358–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.05.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.05.005
Rivai, V., & Mulyadi, D. (2008). Kepemimpinan dan Perilaku Organisasi (4th ed.). Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.
Robbins, P. S., & Judge, A. (2015). Organizational Behavior, 16th Edition (Edisi 12). Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Organizational-Behavior-Stephen-P-Robbins-ebook/dp/B0175502W8
Robbins, S. P. (1999). Layoff-Survivor Sickness: A Missing Topic in Organizational Behavior. Journal of Management Education, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/105256299902300104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/105256299902300104
Robinson, S. L., & Morrison, E. W. (1995). Psychological contracts and OCB: The effect of unfulfilled obligations on civic virtue behaviour. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(3), 289–298. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030160309 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030160309
Solinger, O. N., van Olffen, W., & Roe, R. A. (2008). Beyond the three-component model of organizational commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 70–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.70 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.70
Steers, R. M. (1977). Antecedents and Outcomes of Organizational Commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22(1), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391745 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2391745
Sun, L.-Y., Aryee, S., & Law, K. S. (2007). High-Performance Human Resource Practices, Citizenship Behavior, and Organizational Performance: A Relational Perspective. The Academy of Management Journal, 50(3), 558–577. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159873 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20159873
Tang, T. L.-P., & Ibrahim, A. H. S. (1998). Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior Revisited: Public Personnel in the United States and the Middle East. Public Personnel Management, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/009102609802700407 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/009102609802700407
Tsai, M.-T., & Huang, C.-C. (2008). The Relationship among Ethical Climate Types, Facets of Job Satisfaction, and the Three Components of Organizational Commitment: A Study of Nurses in Taiwan. Journal of Business Ethics, 80, 565–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9455-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9455-8
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