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MILITARY OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR (MOOTW): SYNERGY OF INDONESIAN NATIONAL ARMED FORCES (TNI) AND NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AGENCY (BNPB) IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Corresponding Author(s) : Yusa Djuyandi
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 4 (2019): July
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The position of Indonesia at the point of three plates of the earth and its location in the tropics makes it vulnerable to disasters. To face the possible disaster, Indonesia Armed Force following its mandate based on Law No. 34 of 2007, synergize with the National Board of Disaster Management to design disaster management cooperation through joint exercise training routinely until 2015.
Methodology: The research used a qualitative method, with primary data in the form of interview and observation, and secondary data were obtained from related documents, such as meeting notes and data on the deployment of troops to the disaster area.
Main Findings: The results show that the synergy between two institutions through the cooperation of personnel training, considering the strengths of each institution that can be mutually reinforcing in disaster management is very important to be continued.
Applications of this study: This study which about military operations other than war (MOOTW) can be useful in every country because of this research look at the synergy between the military and other institutions in disaster management, Social Science, Security Studies and Social Science.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Research on military operations other than war generally looks more at how the military serves as peacekeepers in conflict-prone areas. Very little research has examined the synergy of the military and other institutions in tackling natural disasters.
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- Achleitner, T., Ebner, G., and Greindl, G. (Eds.). (2011).International Disaster Relief Assistance - What Role for the Military?.Vienna: United Nations Information Service (UNIS).
- Andrews, B.M. (2008).Patterns of Civil-Military Relations in Democracies. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: School of Advanced Military Studies.
- Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB). (2017). Sejarahdan VisiMisi BNPB. Source: https://www.bnpb.go.id/home/sejarah. [Accessed on February 23rd, 2018].
- Gerhard, B., Schurink, W., and Roodt, G. (2007).Towards A Substantive Theory of Synergy.SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(2): 9-19. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v5i2.115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v5i2.115
- Brookings–Bern Project on Internal Displacement.(2011).Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Operational Guidelines on the Protection of Persons in Situations of Natural Disasters. Washington DC: Brookings Institution.
- Carlson, C.A. (2014). Private-public disaster relief: what is the military's role?. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School.
- Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance. (2011).Country Disaster Response Handbook: Indonesia. Hawaii: Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance.
- Covey, Stephen R. (1993). Principles Centered Leadership. New York: Fireside.
- Covey, Stephen R. (2004). The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People. New York: Simon and Schuster.
- Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
- Darwanto, H. (2015). OperasiMiliterSelainPerang. Jakarta: KementerianPertahanan. Retrieved from https://www.kemhan.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/bab47c96d3592e7652310529454b1107.pdf.
- DiMaggio, P.J., and Powell, W.W. (1983). The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2): 147-160. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101
- Djuyandi, Y., Bainus, A., & Sumadinata, W.S. (2018). Synergy Between Regional Command Unit of Indonesian National Army (TNI AD) and Local Government in Encouraging the Spirit of State Defense. Central European Journal of International and Security Studies, 12(4): 127–143.
- Donaldson, T.L. (2000). Religious Rivaliries and the Struggle for Success in Caesarea Maritima. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
- Etkin, D., Mcbey, K., and Trollope, C. (2011). The Military and Disaster Management: A Canadian Perspective on The Issue. Canadian Disaster Management Textbook: Chapter 5b. Retrieved from https://www.crhnet.ca/sites/default/files/library/Etkin.pdf.
- Haberberg, A., and Rieple, A. (2008). Strategic Management: Theory and Application. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Harwood, C. J. (2000). Review of “Synergy matters: Working with systems in the twenty-first century†by A.M. Castell, A.J. Gregory, G.A., Hindle, M.E., James and G. Ragsdall (Eds). Kybernetes, 29(4): 523-529. https://doi.org/10.1108/k.2000.29.4.523.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/k.2000.29.4.523.4
- Huntington, S. (1957). The Soldier and the State; the Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
- Kaplan, R. (2005). US Forces: The World’s Best Relief Group. New York Times, October 12th, 2005.
- Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 34 of 2004 on the Indonesian Armed Forces
- Law, of the Republic of Indonesia No. 24 of 2007 on the Disaster Management
- Malarangeng, R. (2010). From Heaven: A Collection of Essays on People, Society and Power. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.
- Naudé, A., Heyns, D., Bester, C., Puig, J. & Tucker, G. (2002). Synergies within Barloworld. Unpublished manuscript. Johannesburg: Barloworld Executive Development Programme, Gordon Institute of Business Science.
- Regulation No. 21/2008 on the Disaster Relief.
- Robbins, S.P. (1990). Organization Theory: Structure, Design, and Applications. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
- Rinaldo, R.J. (1997). Warfighting and Peace Ops: Do Real Soldiers Do MOOTW?.Joint Force Quarterly, Winter 96-97, Number 14, 111-116.
- Rustiono, D. (2016). MewujudkanSinergidalamOrganisasi. Semarang: UniversitasNegeri Semarang. Retreieved from: http://unnes.ac.id/gagasan/mewujudkan-sinergi-organisasi/,
- Sarundajang, S.H. (2006).Rencana Pembangunan JangkaMenengah Daerah (RPJMD) Provinsi Sulawesi Utara tahun 2005-2010. Manado: BadanPerencanaan Pembangunan Daerah, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara.
- Segal, Hugh. (2005). Geopolitical Integrity. Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy (IRPP).
- Scott, W.R. (1987). The Adolescence of Institutional Theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 32(4): 493-511. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2392880. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2392880
- Sobur, A. (2003). PsikologiUmum. Bandung: PustakaSetia.
- Skelley, B.D. (2000). Radical Institutionalism and Public Administration: A Review of Nils Brunsson's Contributions to Understanding Public Sector Organizations. Public Administration and Management: An Interactive Journal, 5(3): 112-122.
- Thompson, J. D. (1967). Organizations in Action. London: Transaction Publisher.
- Tracy, B. (2006). PemimpinSukses (Successful Leader), Sixth Edition. Translator: Suharsono. Jakarta: DelapatrasaPustaka.
- United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2017). Indonesia Country Proï¬le, Retrieved fromhttp://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/IDN#. [Accessed on February 7th, 2018]. [Done]
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- Welch, J. (2005). Winning. New York: Harper-Collins.
- World Bank. (2017). World Military Indicator. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.TOTL.P1
- Yoshizaki, T. (2014). The Military’s Role in Disaster Relief Operations: A Japanese Perspective. National Institute for Defense Studies (NIDS), Japan. Retrieved from www.nids.mod.go.jp/english/event/symposium/pdf/2011/e_06.pdf
- Zineldin, M., and Bredenlöw, T. (2003). Strategic alliance: Synergies and Challenges - A case of strategic outsourcing relationship "SOUR". International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 33(5): 449-464. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030310482004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030310482004
- Zippwald, S. (2011). Effective Civil-Military Relations: A Necessary Ingredient for Success in America’s Future Strategic Environment. Norfolk VA.: Thesis Joint Forces Staff (JFS) College, MS in Campaign Planning and Strategy.
References
Achleitner, T., Ebner, G., and Greindl, G. (Eds.). (2011).International Disaster Relief Assistance - What Role for the Military?.Vienna: United Nations Information Service (UNIS).
Andrews, B.M. (2008).Patterns of Civil-Military Relations in Democracies. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: School of Advanced Military Studies.
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB). (2017). Sejarahdan VisiMisi BNPB. Source: https://www.bnpb.go.id/home/sejarah. [Accessed on February 23rd, 2018].
Gerhard, B., Schurink, W., and Roodt, G. (2007).Towards A Substantive Theory of Synergy.SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(2): 9-19. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v5i2.115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v5i2.115
Brookings–Bern Project on Internal Displacement.(2011).Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Operational Guidelines on the Protection of Persons in Situations of Natural Disasters. Washington DC: Brookings Institution.
Carlson, C.A. (2014). Private-public disaster relief: what is the military's role?. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School.
Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance. (2011).Country Disaster Response Handbook: Indonesia. Hawaii: Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance.
Covey, Stephen R. (1993). Principles Centered Leadership. New York: Fireside.
Covey, Stephen R. (2004). The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Darwanto, H. (2015). OperasiMiliterSelainPerang. Jakarta: KementerianPertahanan. Retrieved from https://www.kemhan.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/bab47c96d3592e7652310529454b1107.pdf.
DiMaggio, P.J., and Powell, W.W. (1983). The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2): 147-160. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101
Djuyandi, Y., Bainus, A., & Sumadinata, W.S. (2018). Synergy Between Regional Command Unit of Indonesian National Army (TNI AD) and Local Government in Encouraging the Spirit of State Defense. Central European Journal of International and Security Studies, 12(4): 127–143.
Donaldson, T.L. (2000). Religious Rivaliries and the Struggle for Success in Caesarea Maritima. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
Etkin, D., Mcbey, K., and Trollope, C. (2011). The Military and Disaster Management: A Canadian Perspective on The Issue. Canadian Disaster Management Textbook: Chapter 5b. Retrieved from https://www.crhnet.ca/sites/default/files/library/Etkin.pdf.
Haberberg, A., and Rieple, A. (2008). Strategic Management: Theory and Application. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Harwood, C. J. (2000). Review of “Synergy matters: Working with systems in the twenty-first century†by A.M. Castell, A.J. Gregory, G.A., Hindle, M.E., James and G. Ragsdall (Eds). Kybernetes, 29(4): 523-529. https://doi.org/10.1108/k.2000.29.4.523.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/k.2000.29.4.523.4
Huntington, S. (1957). The Soldier and the State; the Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Kaplan, R. (2005). US Forces: The World’s Best Relief Group. New York Times, October 12th, 2005.
Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 34 of 2004 on the Indonesian Armed Forces
Law, of the Republic of Indonesia No. 24 of 2007 on the Disaster Management
Malarangeng, R. (2010). From Heaven: A Collection of Essays on People, Society and Power. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.
Naudé, A., Heyns, D., Bester, C., Puig, J. & Tucker, G. (2002). Synergies within Barloworld. Unpublished manuscript. Johannesburg: Barloworld Executive Development Programme, Gordon Institute of Business Science.
Regulation No. 21/2008 on the Disaster Relief.
Robbins, S.P. (1990). Organization Theory: Structure, Design, and Applications. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Rinaldo, R.J. (1997). Warfighting and Peace Ops: Do Real Soldiers Do MOOTW?.Joint Force Quarterly, Winter 96-97, Number 14, 111-116.
Rustiono, D. (2016). MewujudkanSinergidalamOrganisasi. Semarang: UniversitasNegeri Semarang. Retreieved from: http://unnes.ac.id/gagasan/mewujudkan-sinergi-organisasi/,
Sarundajang, S.H. (2006).Rencana Pembangunan JangkaMenengah Daerah (RPJMD) Provinsi Sulawesi Utara tahun 2005-2010. Manado: BadanPerencanaan Pembangunan Daerah, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara.
Segal, Hugh. (2005). Geopolitical Integrity. Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy (IRPP).
Scott, W.R. (1987). The Adolescence of Institutional Theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 32(4): 493-511. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2392880. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2392880
Sobur, A. (2003). PsikologiUmum. Bandung: PustakaSetia.
Skelley, B.D. (2000). Radical Institutionalism and Public Administration: A Review of Nils Brunsson's Contributions to Understanding Public Sector Organizations. Public Administration and Management: An Interactive Journal, 5(3): 112-122.
Thompson, J. D. (1967). Organizations in Action. London: Transaction Publisher.
Tracy, B. (2006). PemimpinSukses (Successful Leader), Sixth Edition. Translator: Suharsono. Jakarta: DelapatrasaPustaka.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2017). Indonesia Country Proï¬le, Retrieved fromhttp://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/IDN#. [Accessed on February 7th, 2018]. [Done]
United Nations, and Inter-Agency Standing Committee. (2008). Civil–Military Guidelines and Reference for Complex Emergencies. New York: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.unocha.org/sites/dms/Documents/02.%20Civil%20Military%20Guidelines%20and%20Reference%20for%20Complex%20Emergencies.pdf
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). (2006). Guidelines on the Use of Military and Civil Defence Assets to Support United Nations Humanitarian Activities in Complex Emergencies. Retreieved from https://www.unocha.org/publication/guidelines-use-military-and-civil-defence-assets-support-united-nations-humanitarian .
Welch, J. (2005). Winning. New York: Harper-Collins.
World Bank. (2017). World Military Indicator. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.TOTL.P1
Yoshizaki, T. (2014). The Military’s Role in Disaster Relief Operations: A Japanese Perspective. National Institute for Defense Studies (NIDS), Japan. Retrieved from www.nids.mod.go.jp/english/event/symposium/pdf/2011/e_06.pdf
Zineldin, M., and Bredenlöw, T. (2003). Strategic alliance: Synergies and Challenges - A case of strategic outsourcing relationship "SOUR". International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 33(5): 449-464. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030310482004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030310482004
Zippwald, S. (2011). Effective Civil-Military Relations: A Necessary Ingredient for Success in America’s Future Strategic Environment. Norfolk VA.: Thesis Joint Forces Staff (JFS) College, MS in Campaign Planning and Strategy.