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SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND FAMILY COMMUNICATION IN ADULTS
Corresponding Author(s) : Uzma Jabeen
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021): May
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This quantitative research investigates the effects of smartphone addiction on family communication.
Research Methodology: The sample size (N=200) consists of 100 males and 100 females. The participants have been divided into three groups according to age, age group 18-20, age group 21-23, and age group 24-25. The sample has been selected by the purposive sampling technique. Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short Version (SASS-SV)has been used to measure smartphone addiction and Family Communication Scale (FCS) assesses the family communication of adults. For statistical analysis Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) version 23 software has been used. The relationship has been assessed using Pearson correlation and an independent sample t-test has been used to find meaningful differences.
Main findings: The study concludes that there is no significant effect of smartphone addiction on family communication. Moreover age group (18-20) is more addicted to the smartphone than the other age groups.
Application of the Study: The study will provide researchers with enough data and information related to smartphone addiction and family communication. Findings will also enable them to further explore the long-term use of smartphones in the joint family system.
Innovation of the Study: Joint family system is the norm in Pakistan whose major part of the population comprises youth, ages between 18-20 years. No research on smartphone addiction in the perspective of family communication in a joint family system has yet been conducted in Pakistan to my knowledge.
Keywords
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- Akhlaq, A., Malik, N. I.,& Khan, N. A. (2013). Family communication and family system as the predictors of family satisfaction in adolescents. Science Journal of Psychology, 2013, 06.
- Bian, M., & Leung, L. (2014). Smartphone addiction: Linking loneliness, shyness, symptoms and patterns of use to social capital. Media Asia, 41(2), 159-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2014.11690012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2014.11690012
- Bisen, S., & Deshpande, Y. (2016). An analytical study of smartphone addiction among engineering students: A gender differences. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(1), 70-83.
- Demirci, K., Orhan, H., Demirdas, A., Akpinar, A., &Sert, H. (2014). Validity and reliability of the Turkish Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale in a younger population. Klinik PsikofarmakolojiBülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 24(3), 226-234. https://doi.org/10.5455/bcp.20140710040824 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/bcp.20140710040824
- Fitzpatrick, M. A., & Ritchie, L. D. (1994). Communication schemata within the family: Multiple perspectives on family interaction. Human Communication Research, 20(3), 275–301. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1994.tb00324.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1994.tb00324.x
- Gladden, D. J. (2018). The Effects of Smartphones on Social Lives: How They Affect OurSocial Interactions and Attitudes. OTS Master's Level Projects & Papers. 586. https://digitalcommons.od u.edu/ots_masters_projects/586.
- Harwood, J., Dooley, J. J., Scott, A. J., & Joiner, R. (2014). Constantly connected–The effects of smart devices on mental health. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 267- 272. https://doi.org/10.10 16/j.chb.2014.02.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.006
- Hawkins, A. (2014). 5 Seriously bad side effects of your smartphone addiction. Retrieved on April 29, 2021, fromhttps://www.goodhousekeeping.com/health/wellness/a24269/smartphone-syndromes/.
- Kiran, S., Sanjana, J., & Reddy, N. J. (2019). Mobile Phone Addiction: Symptoms, Impacts and Causes-A Review. In Int Conf Trends Ind Value Eng Bus Soc Innov, 81.
- Koerner, A. F., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (2006). Family communication patterns theory: A social cognitive approach. Engaging theories in family communication: Multiple perspectives. Sage Publications, 50-55. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452204420.n4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452204420.n4
- Kwon, M., Lee, J. Y., Won, W. Y., Park, J. W., Min, J. A., Hahn, C., & Kim, D. J. (2013). Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PloS one, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.137 1/journal.pone.0083558 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056936
- Lee, H. S. (2016). A convergence study the effect of college students' parent-son/daughter communication on addiction to smartphones: Focused on the mediated effect of stress level, self-control and self-efficacy. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, 7(4), 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1520 7/JKCS.2016.7.4.163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15207/JKCS.2016.7.4.163
- Olson, D. H. (2000). Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems. Journal of Family Therapy, 22(2), 144–167. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00144 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00144
- Park, N., & Lee, H. (2012). Nature of youth smartphone addiction in Korea. Journal of Communication Research, 51(1), 100-132.
- Patel, R. R. S., & FAPA, O. (2015). Smartphone use before bedtime might impact sleep and daytime tiredness. Retrieved on April 29, 2021, from https://u.osu.edu/emotionalfitness/2015/06/17/cell-phone-use-before-bedtime-might-impact-sleep-and-daytime-tiredness/.
- Pearson, C., & Hussain, Z. (2016). Smartphone addiction and associated psychological factors.Addicta:The Turkish Journal of Addictions, 3(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2016.3.0103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2016.3.0103
- Provazza, A. (October 2019). Smartphone. Retrieved on April 29, 2021 from https://searchmobilecomput ing.techtarget.com/definition/smartphone.
- Pugh, S. (2017). Investigating the relationship between smartphone addiction, social anxiety, self-esteem, age &; gender. (BA Hons in Psychology thesis). Dublin, Dublin. Business School. Retrieved on April 29, 2021, from https://esource.dbs.ie/handle/10788/3329.
- Ruscitella, S. (May 2020). Behavioural Addictions. Retrieved on April 29, 2021, from https://quizlet.com/ 506364294/behavioral-addictions-flash-cards/.
- Rasheed, S. A. (2015). Why joint family system is best to bring up children. Retrieved on April 29, 2021, from https://nation.com.pk/14-May-2015/why-the-joint-family-system-is-the-best-to-bring-up-children?show=850.
- Seo, G. S., & Bang, S. Y. (2017). The relationship among smartphone addiction, life stress, and family communication in nursing students. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, 18(4), 398-407.
- Sinsomsack, N., &Kulachai, W. (2018, March). A study on the impacts of Smartphone addiction.In 15th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2018). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/insyma-18.2018.61 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/insyma-18.2018.61
- Smith, C. (October 2018). Behavioural addictions and what are they and how does one develop.Retrieved on April 29, 2021, fromhttps://www.addictioncenter.com/community/behavioral-addictions/.
- Sumati, Y. (2016). Overuse/Misuse of smartphones and Family Integration.InternationalJournal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, 4(8), 27-32.
- Süt, H. K., Kurt, S., Uzal, Ö., &Özdilek, S. (2016). Effects of smartphone addiction level on social and educational life in health sciences students. Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine, 5(1), 13–19
- Tajalli, F., &Zarnaghash, M. (2017). Effect of family communication patterns on Internet addiction. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 5(3), 159-166. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jpcp.5.3.159 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jpcp.5.3.159
- Turner, A. (2020). How many phones are in the world? Retrieved on April 29, 2021, from https://www.bankmycell.com/blog/how-many-phones-are-in-the-world.
- Turner, A. (2020). Smartphone addiction facts & phone usage statistics. Retrieved on April 29, 2021, from https://www.bankmycell.com/blog/smartphone-addiction/.
- Vangelisti, A. L. (Ed.). (2004). LEA' s communication series. Handbook of family communication. New Jersey, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
- Zencirci, S. A., Aygar, H., Göktaş, S., Önsüz, M. F., Alaiye, M., &Metintaş, S. (2018). Evaluation of smartphone addiction and related factors among university students. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 6(7), 2210-2216. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182805 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182805
References
Akhlaq, A., Malik, N. I.,& Khan, N. A. (2013). Family communication and family system as the predictors of family satisfaction in adolescents. Science Journal of Psychology, 2013, 06.
Bian, M., & Leung, L. (2014). Smartphone addiction: Linking loneliness, shyness, symptoms and patterns of use to social capital. Media Asia, 41(2), 159-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2014.11690012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2014.11690012
Bisen, S., & Deshpande, Y. (2016). An analytical study of smartphone addiction among engineering students: A gender differences. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(1), 70-83.
Demirci, K., Orhan, H., Demirdas, A., Akpinar, A., &Sert, H. (2014). Validity and reliability of the Turkish Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale in a younger population. Klinik PsikofarmakolojiBülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 24(3), 226-234. https://doi.org/10.5455/bcp.20140710040824 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/bcp.20140710040824
Fitzpatrick, M. A., & Ritchie, L. D. (1994). Communication schemata within the family: Multiple perspectives on family interaction. Human Communication Research, 20(3), 275–301. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1994.tb00324.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1994.tb00324.x
Gladden, D. J. (2018). The Effects of Smartphones on Social Lives: How They Affect OurSocial Interactions and Attitudes. OTS Master's Level Projects & Papers. 586. https://digitalcommons.od u.edu/ots_masters_projects/586.
Harwood, J., Dooley, J. J., Scott, A. J., & Joiner, R. (2014). Constantly connected–The effects of smart devices on mental health. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 267- 272. https://doi.org/10.10 16/j.chb.2014.02.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.006
Hawkins, A. (2014). 5 Seriously bad side effects of your smartphone addiction. Retrieved on April 29, 2021, fromhttps://www.goodhousekeeping.com/health/wellness/a24269/smartphone-syndromes/.
Kiran, S., Sanjana, J., & Reddy, N. J. (2019). Mobile Phone Addiction: Symptoms, Impacts and Causes-A Review. In Int Conf Trends Ind Value Eng Bus Soc Innov, 81.
Koerner, A. F., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (2006). Family communication patterns theory: A social cognitive approach. Engaging theories in family communication: Multiple perspectives. Sage Publications, 50-55. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452204420.n4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452204420.n4
Kwon, M., Lee, J. Y., Won, W. Y., Park, J. W., Min, J. A., Hahn, C., & Kim, D. J. (2013). Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PloS one, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.137 1/journal.pone.0083558 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056936
Lee, H. S. (2016). A convergence study the effect of college students' parent-son/daughter communication on addiction to smartphones: Focused on the mediated effect of stress level, self-control and self-efficacy. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, 7(4), 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1520 7/JKCS.2016.7.4.163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15207/JKCS.2016.7.4.163
Olson, D. H. (2000). Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems. Journal of Family Therapy, 22(2), 144–167. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00144 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00144
Park, N., & Lee, H. (2012). Nature of youth smartphone addiction in Korea. Journal of Communication Research, 51(1), 100-132.
Patel, R. R. S., & FAPA, O. (2015). Smartphone use before bedtime might impact sleep and daytime tiredness. Retrieved on April 29, 2021, from https://u.osu.edu/emotionalfitness/2015/06/17/cell-phone-use-before-bedtime-might-impact-sleep-and-daytime-tiredness/.
Pearson, C., & Hussain, Z. (2016). Smartphone addiction and associated psychological factors.Addicta:The Turkish Journal of Addictions, 3(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2016.3.0103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2016.3.0103
Provazza, A. (October 2019). Smartphone. Retrieved on April 29, 2021 from https://searchmobilecomput ing.techtarget.com/definition/smartphone.
Pugh, S. (2017). Investigating the relationship between smartphone addiction, social anxiety, self-esteem, age &; gender. (BA Hons in Psychology thesis). Dublin, Dublin. Business School. Retrieved on April 29, 2021, from https://esource.dbs.ie/handle/10788/3329.
Ruscitella, S. (May 2020). Behavioural Addictions. Retrieved on April 29, 2021, from https://quizlet.com/ 506364294/behavioral-addictions-flash-cards/.
Rasheed, S. A. (2015). Why joint family system is best to bring up children. Retrieved on April 29, 2021, from https://nation.com.pk/14-May-2015/why-the-joint-family-system-is-the-best-to-bring-up-children?show=850.
Seo, G. S., & Bang, S. Y. (2017). The relationship among smartphone addiction, life stress, and family communication in nursing students. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, 18(4), 398-407.
Sinsomsack, N., &Kulachai, W. (2018, March). A study on the impacts of Smartphone addiction.In 15th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2018). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/insyma-18.2018.61 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/insyma-18.2018.61
Smith, C. (October 2018). Behavioural addictions and what are they and how does one develop.Retrieved on April 29, 2021, fromhttps://www.addictioncenter.com/community/behavioral-addictions/.
Sumati, Y. (2016). Overuse/Misuse of smartphones and Family Integration.InternationalJournal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, 4(8), 27-32.
Süt, H. K., Kurt, S., Uzal, Ö., &Özdilek, S. (2016). Effects of smartphone addiction level on social and educational life in health sciences students. Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine, 5(1), 13–19
Tajalli, F., &Zarnaghash, M. (2017). Effect of family communication patterns on Internet addiction. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 5(3), 159-166. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jpcp.5.3.159 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jpcp.5.3.159
Turner, A. (2020). How many phones are in the world? Retrieved on April 29, 2021, from https://www.bankmycell.com/blog/how-many-phones-are-in-the-world.
Turner, A. (2020). Smartphone addiction facts & phone usage statistics. Retrieved on April 29, 2021, from https://www.bankmycell.com/blog/smartphone-addiction/.
Vangelisti, A. L. (Ed.). (2004). LEA' s communication series. Handbook of family communication. New Jersey, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Zencirci, S. A., Aygar, H., Göktaş, S., Önsüz, M. F., Alaiye, M., &Metintaş, S. (2018). Evaluation of smartphone addiction and related factors among university students. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 6(7), 2210-2216. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182805 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182805