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Abstract
The chain extended polyurethane was synthesized by reacting castor oil based polyol with 4,4’-methylenebis(cyclohexyl) isocyanate and chain extender such as malonic acid. The composites have been fabricated by incorporating the coir fiber into the neat polyurethane. The polyurethane and its composites were characterized with respect to their mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, percentage elongation and Young’s modulus. The morphology of neat polyurethane and its composites with coir fiber was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). These studies revealed the high performance character of the polyurethane composites with respect to the corresponding neat polyurethane.
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References
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References
Ahmed, S.A., Effect of polyol/diisocyanates concentration and temperature on the synthesis of polyurethane foam, Inter. J. Eng. Trends Techn., 17(3), 2014, 115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V17P223
Quipeng, G., Shixia, F. and Qingyu, Q., Polyurethanes from 2,4-toluene diisocyanate and a mixture of castor oil and hydroxyether of bisphenol, Euro. Poly. J., 26(11), 1990, 1177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(90)90023-W
Ogunniyi, D.S., Fakayejo, W.R.O. and Ola, A., Preparation and properties of polyurethane foams from toluene diisocyanate and mixtures of castor oil and polyol, Iran. Poly. J., 5(1), 1996, 56.
Heiss, H.L., Low durometer cast urethane elastomers, Rubber Age, 88, 1960, 89.
Lyon, C.K. and Garret, V.H., New castor oil-based urethane elastomers. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 50, 1973, 112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02633561
Ghatge, N.D. and Phadke, V.B., Elastomers from castor oil, J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 11(5), 1967, 629. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110502
Somani, K., Castor oil based polyurethane adhesives for wood-to-wood bonding. Inter. J. Adhes., 23(4), 2003, 269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-7496(03)00044-7
Meneghetti, S.M.P., Meneghetti, M.R., Wolf, C.R., Silva, E.C., Lima, G.E.S., Coimbra, M.A., Soletti, J.I. and Carvalho, S.H.V., Ethanolysis of castor and cottonseed oil: A systematic study using classical catalysts, JAOCS, 83(9), 2006, 819. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-006-5020-3
Hablot, E., Zheng, D., Bouquey, M. And Averous, L., Polyurethanes based on castor oil: kinetics, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 293, 2008, 922. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.200800185
Dylan, D.J., Celina, M., Rintoul, L. and Fredericks, P.M., Infrared micro spectroscopy study of the thermo - oxidative degradation of hydroxyl - terminated polybutadiene / isophorone diisocyanate polyurethane rubber, Poly. Degrad. Stab., 92, 2007, 1446. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.05.010
Ferreira, P., Pereira, R., Coelho, J.F.J., Silva, A.F.M. and Gil, M.H., Modification of the biopolymer castor oil with free isocyanate groups to be applied as bioadhesive, Inter. J. Bio. Macro., 40, 2007, 144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.06.023
Mwaikambo, L.Y. and M. P. Ansell, M.P., The effect of chemical treatment on the properties of hemp, sisal, jute and kapok for composite reinforcement, Makro. Chemie, 272(1), 1999, 108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-9505(19991201)272:1<108::AID-APMC108>3.0.CO;2-9
Oksman, K., Skrifvars, M. and Selin, J.F., Natural fibres as reinforcement in polylactic acid (PLA) composites, Comp. Sci. Techn., 63, 2003, 1317. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00103-9
Mohanty, A.K., Misra, M. and Drzal, L.T., Natural fibers, biopolymers and biocomposites, CRC Press, Florida , 2005, 92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203508206
Taj, S., Munawar, M.A. and Khan, S., Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites, Proc. Pakistan Acad. Sci. 44(2), 2007, 129.
Mchumo, A.A., Common fund for commodoties, Proceedings of the Symposium on Natural Fibers, 2008, 53.
Kumar, M.N.S., Manjula, K.S. and Siddaramaiah, Castor oil-based polyurethane–polyester nonwoven fabric composites: Mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and water sorption behavior at different temperatures, J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 105(6), 2007, 3153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.24481