Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This study has evaluated the resource protection strategies in Bulusan Volcano Natural Park (BVNP) along with environmental/biophysical conservation, cultural preservation, social conservation, and physical/behavioral conservation in ensuring sustainable ecotourism operation and protected area conservation.
Methodology: It employed a quantitative method of research directed towards presenting, analyzing, and interpreting the data. The selection of respondents was done through the Convenience Sampling Technique where every possible respondent has the same chance of being selected during the administration of the survey questionnaire. Data were analyzed using weighted mean and standard deviation in determining the homogeneity/heterogeneity of the visitors’ evaluation.
Main Findings: The strategies on social and environmental conservation are effective and more given emphasis on BVNP. Likewise, with physical or behavioral conservation strategies which also recognized effective mechanisms in managing visitors’ use. However, the cultural preservations were evaluated very low as most of the visitors disagreed that the strategies for this aspect are manifested in the actions of the host community.
Applications of this study: Findings of this paper is deemed relevant and useful for natural park administrators and ecotourism destination operators as it provides new insights on the effectiveness of resource protection strategies and suggests future policy actions to ensure sustainability.
Novelty/Originality Of this study: This study is novel in evaluating the resource protection strategies in protected areas (BVNP) and in determining how conservation approaches enhance the visitor experience in natural parks.
Keywords
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References
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References
Andrade, G. S. M., & Rhodes, J. R. (2012). Protected areas and local communities: an inevitable partnership toward successful conservation strategies? Ecology and Society 17(4), 14. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05216-170414 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05216-170414
Bejinaru, R., &Cozorici, A. (2016).Challenges for Romanian Ecotourism Destinations. Revista De Turism - Studii Si Cercetari In Turism, 0(22).
Ceballos – Lascurain, H. (1996). Tourism, Ecotourism, and Protected Areas: The State of Nature-Based Tourism around the World and Guidelines for its Development. Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge UK: IUCN. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.1996.7.en DOI: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.1996.7.en
Coates, D. (2016) Strategic Plan for Biodiversity (2011–2020) and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. In: Finlayson C. et al. (eds) The Wetland Book. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6172-8_119-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6172-8_119-2
Coria, J. & Calfucura, E. (2012). Ecotourism and the development of indigenous communities: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Ecological Economics, 73, 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.10.024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.10.024
Huijbens, E. H., & Benediktsson, K. (2013). Inspiring the visitor? Landscapes and horizons of hospitality. Tourist Studies, 13(2), 189–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797613490378 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797613490378
Holmes, G. (2013). Exploring the Relationship Between Local Support and the Success of Protected Areas. Conservation and Society, 11(1), 72-82. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-4923.110940 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-4923.110940
Ivbijaro, M. F. A..(2012). Poverty Alleviation from Biodiversity Management. Ibadan: Book Builders.
Leung, Y. F., Spenceley, A., Hvenegaard, G. & Buckley, R. (2018).Tourism and visitor management in protected areas: Guidelines for sustainability. Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 27, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.PAG.27.en DOI: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.PAG.27.en
Manning, R. (2001). Visitor Experience and Resource Protection: A Framework for Managing the Carrying Capacity of National Parks. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 19(1), 93-108.
Newsome, D., Moore, S., & Dowling, R. (2012). Nature Area Tourism: Ecology, Impacts, and Management. (2nd ed). Celvedon: Channel View Publication. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781845413835 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781845413835
Otuokon, S., Chai, S. & Beale, M. (2012). Using tourism to conserve the mist forest and mysterious cultural heritage of the Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park, Jamaica. Parks, 18(2), 145-155. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2012.PARKS-18-2.SO.en DOI: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2012.PARKS-18-2.SO.en
Snyman, S. (2012).The impact of land management systems on community attitudes towards tourism and conservation in six South African countries. Parks, 18(2), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2012.PARKS-18-2.SS.en DOI: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2012.PARKS-18-2.SS.en
Tayobo, A., Raheem W., Oyeleye, O. (2014). Conservation Strategies of Wildlife Resources in the Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria.International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research, 4(4), 527-529.
Thapa, B., & Lee, J. (2017) Visitor experience in Kafue National Park, Zambia. Journal of Ecotourism, 16(2), 112-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2016.1245737 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2016.1245737
Vartolomei, F., Andrei M. T., Dumitrascu, M., & Dumitrascu, C. (2012). Environment protection measurements in the Prut basin by declaring Natural Protected Areas. In: Lazard, M. et al. (eds) Recent Advances in Fluid Mechanics and Heat and Mass Transfer. WSEAS, Athens.
Weiler, B., Moore, S., & Moyle, B. (2013). Building and Sustaining Support for National Parks in the 21st Century: Why and How to Save the National Park Experience from Extinction. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 31(2), 115-131.
Whakatane Mechanism (2012). ‘Whakatane Mechanism’. accessed 22 November 2018.