Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This study is to understand the shifting trends in traveling after the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was also conducted to determine tourist behavior by identifying the typology of tourists and tourists' traveling motivation after the Covid-19 pandemic.
Methodology: This research is a quantitative descriptive study. The data were collected from an online questionnaire (Google Form) contains statements that are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, i.e. distribution of frequency, percentage, and average value. The research time was during March-April 2020. The sample was 100 Indonesian respondents, and all data were valid to be analyzed in the study.
Main Findings: Millenial tourists were dominated in this study. The results show that tourists' typology tends to the explorer type, and the second position refers to the drifter type. Meanwhile, the motivation was dominated by physical or physiological motivation and followed by interpersonal motivation. Therefore, natural destinations are the primary choice in the respondent's travel plans.
Applications of this study: This result may be used as a reference for destination managers in formulating management strategies and destination development after the pandemic period. The tourism industry may also use the findings of this study to plan tourism activities and develop policies in the new normal era.
Novelty / Originality of this study: This research is original, and this is the first study that identifying the shifting trends in traveling after Covid-19 pandemic.
Keywords
Article Details
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References
Assaf, A., & Scuderi, R. (2020). COVID-19 and the recovery of the tourism industry. Tourism Economic, 26(5), 731-733. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816620933712 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816620933712
Bencsik, A., Juhász, T., & Horváth-Csikós, G. (2016). Y and Z Generations at Workplaces. Journal of Competitiveness, 6(3), 90-106. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2016.03.06 https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2016.03.06 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2016.03.06
Berkup, S. B. (2014). Working With Generations X And Y In Generation Z Period: Management Of Different Generations In Business Life. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(19). DOI: https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n19p218
https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n19p218 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n19p218
Buhalis, D., & Sinarta, Y. (2019). Real-Time Co-Creation and Nowness Service: Lessons from Tourism and Hospitality. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(5), 563–582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2019.1592059
Bogari, N., Crowther, G., & Marr, N. (2003). Motivation for Domestic Tourism: A Case Study of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tourism Analysis, 8(2-4), 137-141. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354203774076625 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354203774076625
Brooks, S., Smith, L., & Webster, R. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Chen, C., Shahvali, M., Petrick, J. (2014). Tourism Experiences As a Stress Reliever. Journal of Travel Research, 55 (2), 150-160. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0047287514546223 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287514546223
Clifford, N., Cope, M., Gillespie, T., & French, S. (2016). Key Methods in Geography (Third Edition). Glasgow: Sage Publication.
Coccossis, H., & Constantoglou, M. (2006). The use of typologies in tourism planning: problems and conflicts. Volos: Econstor. 46th Congress of the European Regional Science Association (ERSA) Enlargement, Southern Europe and the Mediterranean. Volos: econstor.
Cohen, E. (1972). Toward a Sociology of International Tourism. Political Economics, 39(1), 164-182. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40970087
Crompton, J. & McKay, S. . (1997). Motives of Visitors attending Festival Events. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(2), 425-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)80010-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)80010-2
Dagustani, D., Kartini, D., Oesman, Y., & Kaltum, U. (2018). Destination Image of Tourist: Effect of Travel Motivation and Memorable Tourism Experience. Etikonomi Volume, 17(2), 307-318. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v17i2.7211 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v17i2.7211
Damanik, D., Wachyuni, S. S., Wiweka, K., & Setiawan, A. (2019). The Influence of Social Media on the Domestic Tourist's Travel Motivation Case Study: Kota Tua Jakarta, Indonesia. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 36(6), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2019/v36i630263 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2019/v36i630263
Djeri, L., Jovanovic, T., Armenski, T., & Dragin, A. (2014). How income influences the choice of tourism destination? Acta Oeconomica, 64(2), 219-237. https://doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.64.2014.2.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.64.2014.2.5
Dwisaputra, M., & Achnes, S. (2017). Motivasi Pengunjung ke Kota Wisata Bukittinggi Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau OM FISIP, 4(2), 1-13.
Euronews.com. (2020). Tourists flock to European holiday destinations amid ongoing pandemic.
Evans, J. R., & Mathur, A. (2005). The Value of Online Surveys. Internet Research, 15(2), 195-219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240510590360
https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240510590360 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240510590360
Fan, D. X. F., Buhalis, D., & Lin, B. (2019). A tourist typology of online and face-to-face social contact: Destination immersion and tourism encapsulation/decapsulation. Annals of Tourism Research, 78(102757). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.102757 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.102757
Figler, M. H., Weinstein, A. R., Sollers III, J. J., & Devan, B. D. (1992). Pleasure travel (tourist) motivation: A factor analytic approach. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 30, 113-116. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03330412 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03330412
Gopalan, V., Abu Bakar, J., Zulkifli, A., Alwi, A., & Che Mat, R. (2017). A Review of the Motivation Theories in Learning. The 2nd International Conference on Applied Science and Technology 2017 (ICAST'17) AIP Conference Proceedings 1891, 020043. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5005376 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5005376
Grzywacz, R., & Zeglen, P. (2016). Typology of tourists and their satisfaction level. Scientific Review of Physical Culture, 6(1), 5-16.
Jager, J., Putnick, D. L., & Bornstein, M. H. (2017). More than Just Convenient: The Scientific Merits of Homogeneous Convenience Samples. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev., 82(2), 13-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12296 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12296
Keumala, M., Samad, I., Samad, N. M., & Rachmawaty, N. (2019). The Influence of Socio Cultural and Educational Background on EFL Learners' Motivation. Indonesian TESOL Journal, 1(1), 67-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24256/itj.v1i1.556
https://doi.org/10.24256/itj.v1i1.556 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24256/itj.v1i1.556
Kirillova, K., Peng, C., & Chen, H. (2019). Anime consumer motivation for anime tourism and how to harness it. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2018.1527274 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2018.1527274
Kusumaningrum, D. A., & Wachyuni, S. S. (2020). Promo Cashback GoPay Terhadap Minat Beli Bubble Drink (Studi Kasus: Yu Cha Indonesia, Pluit). Journal of Tourism and Economic, 3(1), 23-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36594/jtec.v3i1.51
Li, J., & Ali, F. (2017). Age matters: how demographics influence visitor perception and attitude at the destination level. Int. J. Innovation and Learning, 21(2), 149-164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIL.2017.081936
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIL.2017.10002131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIL.2017.10002131
Omar, S. I., Abooali, G., Mohamad, D., & Mohamed, B. (2015). A study of gender differences: international tourists behaviour and the perception of Penang's attributes. The 2015 International Conference on Hospitality, Leisure, Sports, and Tourism (ICHLST 2015), 59-73. Bangkok.
Park, D. B., & Yoon, Y. (2009). Segmentation by motivation in rural tourism: A Korean case study. Tourism Management, 30, 99-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.03.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.03.011
Pertiwi, N. L. (2020). Jumlah wisman hanya 160000 pada April 2020 Menurun Tajam Akibat Pandemi. Retrieved August 18, 2020, from travel.kompas.com website: https://travel.kompas.com/read/2020/06/03/104711227/jumlah-wisman-hanya-160000-pada-april-2020-menurun-tajam-akibat-pandemi
Pitana, I. G., & Gayatri, P. G. (2005). Sosiologi Pariwisata. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.
Prebensen, N., Skallerud, K., & Chen, J. . (2010). Tourist Motivation With Sun and Sand Destinations: Satisfaction and The WOM-effect. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 27(8), 858-873. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2010.527253 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2010.527253
Rachmawati, & Shishido. (2020). Travelers' motivations to travel abroad during covid 19 outbreak. International Journal of Applied Sciences in Tourism and Events, 4(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.31940/ijaste.v4i1.1772 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31940/ijaste.v4i1.1772
Rebuya, N., Lasarte, E., Amador, M. M., & Roca, G. R. (2020). Assessing Religious Tourism Motivational Factors and Experiences of Visitors to Selected Religious Sites in Camarines Sur, Philippines. Scientific Research, 7. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106404 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106404
Rickly, J. (2019). The effects of covid-19 on the tourism industry will linger long after lockdowns are eased. Retrieved May 19, 2020, from https://blog.degruyter.com/the-effects-of-covid-19-on-the-tourism-industry-will-linger-long-after-lockdowns-are-eased/
Saayman, M., Slabbert, E., & Van Der Merwe, P. (2009). Travel Motivations: a Tale of Two Marine Destination in South Africa. South African Journal For Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 31(1), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajrs.v31i1.43794 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/sajrs.v31i1.43794
Šimková, E., & Holzner, J. (2014). Motivation of Tourism Participants. Procedia. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 159, 660-664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.455 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.455
Stafford, D. E., & Griffis, H. S. (2008). A Review of Millennial Generation Characteristics and Military Workforce Implications. In A Review of Millennial Generation Characteristics and Military Workforce Implications. Arlington: CNA Corporation.
The Jakarta Globe. (2020). Tourists from Five Countries Willing to Visit Indonesia Once Borders Reopen.
Tolok, A. D. (2020). Wisata Alam Jadi Andalan Indonesia di Tengah Pandemi. Retrieved August 17, 2020, from website: https://kabar24.bisnis.com/read/20200722/15/1269863/wisata-alam-jadi-andalan-indonesia-di-tengah-pandem
Usatoday.com. (2020). Opening day at Disney World: Small crowds, short lines, social distancing and COVID-19 merch.
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