Article Sidebar

Submitted
May 9, 2022
Published
May 9, 2022
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 166 Download : 201

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

Purpose of the study: China is the second holder of world natural as well as cultural heritage sites. Wuyishan is a natural and cultural World Heritage Site among them. While many factors influencing tourist behavior have been explored in the cont ext of destination marketing in the past, few of them focused on domestic travel programs.


Methodology: This study administered the survey to 457 valid local visitors who visited Wuyishan on the spot. S tructural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the relationships among destination image (DI), destination attachment (DA), perceived value (PV), destination satisfaction (DS), and destination loyalty (DL).


Main findings: Empirical findings highlighted two critical roles of heritage tourism, PV and DS. The former acts as a complete mediator in the relationship between DI and DS, whereas the latter does the same in the relationship between PV and DL.


Implications: Managers of tourism and hospitality should offer and shape those unique self characteristics and attributes first to create an impressive PV that will strongly link the DI of these tourists to their DS. By contrast, DA is not a determinant factor in heritage tourism.


Originality/Novelty: This study is exploring tourist behavior in the context of destination marketing with special reference to Wuyishan City in China. This study has im mense value in understanding and promoting heritage tourism.

Keywords

Image Attachment Perceived Value Visitor Behaviour Heritage Tourism Wuyishan

Article Details

License

Authors retain the copyright without restrictions for their published content in this journal. IJTHR is a Sherpa Romeo Journal. 

Publishing License

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of  Creative Commons License

How to Cite
Chang, W.-J., Yin, J., Katrichis, J. M., Chang, C.-Y., & Yueh, K.-Y. (2022). Image, Attachment, Perceived Value and Tourist Behavior in Heritage Tourism: A Study of Wuyishan, China. International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews, 9(1), 01–13. https://doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2022.911
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

  1. Ali Abbasi, G., Kumaravelu, J., Goh, Y.N., & Singh, K.S.D. (2019). Understanding the intention to revisit a destination by expanding the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Spanish Journal of Marketing. http://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-12-2019-0109
  2. Al-Kwifi, O.S. (2015). The impact of destination images on tourists’ decision making: A technological exploratory study using fMRI. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 6(2), 174-194. http://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-06-2015-0024
  3. Ãlvarez-García, J., Maldonado-Erazo, C.P., Del Río-Rama, M.D.L.C., & Castellano-Ãlvarez, F.J. (2019). Cultural heritage and tourism basis for regional development: Mapping of scientific coverage. Sustainability, 11(21), 6034. http://doi.org/10.3390/su11216034
  4. Asmelash, A.G., & Kumar, S. (2019). The structural relationship between tourist satisfaction and sustainable heritage tourism development in Tigrai, Ethiopia. Heliyon, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01335
  5. Avraham, E. (2004). Media strategies for improving an unfavorable city image. Cities, 21(6), 471-479. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2004.08.005
  6. Backman, S.J., & Crompton, J.L. (1991). The usefulness of selected variables for predicting activity loyalty. Leisure Sciences, 13(3), 205-220. http://doi.org/10.1080/01490409109513138
  7. Bajs, I.P. (2015). Tourist perceived value, relationship to satisfaction, and behaviour intentions: The example of the Croatian tourist destination Dubrovnik. Journal of Travel Research, 54(1), 122-134. http://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513513158
  8. Baker, D.A., & Crompton, J.L. (2000). Quality, satisfaction and behavioural intentions. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(3), 785-804. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00108-5
  9. Ballantyne, R., Hughes, K., Ding, P., & Liu, D. (2014). Chinese and international visitor perceptions of interpretation at Beijing built heritage sites. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(5), 705-725. http://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.861469
  10. Baloglu, S., & McCleary, K.W. (1999). A model of destination image formation. Annual of Tourism Research, 26(4), 868-897. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00030-4
  11. Bayih, B.E., & Singh, A. (2020). Modeling domestic tourism: motivations, satisfaction and tourist behavioral intentions. Heliyon, 6(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04839
  12. Bigne, J.E., Sanchez, M.I., & Sanchez, J. (2001). Tourism image, evaluation variables and after-purchase behavior: Inter-relationship. Tourism Management, 22(6), 607-616. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-51 77(01)00035-8
  13. Bobalca, C. (2013). Study of customers’ loyalty: Dimensions and facets. Revista Management & Marketing, 11(1), 104-114.
  14. Bramwell, B. (1998). User satisfaction and product development in urban tourism. Tourism Management, 19(1), 35-47. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(97)00091-5
  15. Bricker, K.S., & Kerstetter, D.L. (2000). Level of specialization and place attachment: An exploratory study of whitewater recreationists. Leisure Science, 22(4), 233-257. http://doi.org/10.1080/01490409950202285
  16. Brooks, G. (2011). Herıtage as a driver for development: Its contribution to sustainable tourism in contemporary society, heritage, driver of development, Theme 3, Session 1: 496-505. International cultural tourism committee (ICOMOS). France: Paris.
  17. Brown, G., & Raymond, C. (2007). The relationship between place attachment and landscape values: Toward mapping place attachment. Applied Geography, 27(2), 89-111. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2006.11.002
  18. Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21(1), 97-116. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00095-3
  19. Campón-Cerro, A.M., Alves, H.M.B., & Hernández-Mogollón, J.M. (2015). Attachment as a factor in generating satisfaction with, and loyalty to, rural tourism destinations. Tourism & Management Studies, 11(1), 70-76.
  20. Campo-Martínez, S., & Garau-Vadell, J.B. (2010). The generation of tourism destination satisfaction. Tourism Economics, 16(3), 461-475. http://doi.org/10.5367/000000010792278383
  21. Carvalho, L., & Costa, T. (2011). Tourism innovation – A literature review complemented by case study research. Book of proceedings, Vol. 1, International conference on tourism & management studies, Algarve.
  22. Chami, M.F. (2018). Tourist touching loyalty in cultural heritage sites in Tanzania: A case of Zanzibar Stone Town, Zanzibar Island. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 2(4), 306-316.
  23. Chang, C.H., Shu, S., & King, B. (2014). Novelty in Theme Park physical surroundings: An application of the stimulus-organism-response paradigm. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(6), 680-699. http://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2013.779589
  24. Chen, C.C., Huang, W.J., & Petrick, J.F. (2016). Holiday recovery experiences, tourism satisfaction and life satisfaction- Is there a relationship? Tourism Management, 53, 140-147. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.tourman.2015.09.016
  25. Chen, J., & Gursoy, D. (2001). An investigation of tourists’ destination loyalty and preferences. Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(2), 79-85. http://doi.org/10.1108/09596110110381870
  26. Chi, G.Q., & Qu, H.L. (2008). Examining the structural relationships of destination image, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: An integrated approach. Tourism Management, 29(4), 624-636. http://doi.org/10.1016/j. tourman.2007.06.007
  27. Chiang, Y.J. (2016). Examining the relationships between destination image, place attachment, and destination loyalty in the context of night markets. International Journal of Business and Management, 11(2), 11-21. http://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n2p11
  28. Chiu, W.S., Zeng, S.H., & Cheng, S.T. (2016). The influence of destination image and tourist satisfaction on tourist loyalty: A case study of Chinese tourists in Korea. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 10(2), 223-234. http://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-07-2015-0080
  29. Cho, H., Chiu, W., & Tan, X.D. (2020). Travel overseas for a game: The effect of nostalgia on satellite fans’ psychological commitment, subjective well-being, and travel intention. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(10), 1418-1434. http://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1792857
  30. Clemes, M.D., Wu, H.C.J., Hu, B.D., & Gan, C. (2009). An empirical study of behaviour intentions in the Taiwan hotel industry. Innovative Marketing, 5, 30-50.
  31. Crompton, J.L. (1979). An assessment of the image of Mexico as a vacation destination and the influence of geographical location upon that image. Journal of Travel Research, 17(4), 18-23. http://doi.org/10.1177/00 4728757901700404
  32. Cronin, J.J., Jr., Brady, M.K., & Hult, G.T.M. (2000). Assessing the effects of quality, value and customer satisfaction on customer behaviour intentions in service environments. Journal of retailing, 76(2), 193-218. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(00)00028-2
  33. Damanik, J., & Yusuf, M. (2021). Effects of perceived value, expectation, visitor management, and visitor satisfaction on revisit intention to Borobudur Temple, Indonesia. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 17(2), 174-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2021.1950164
  34. del Bosque, I.A.R., Martin, S.H., & Collado, J. (2006). The role of expectations in the consumer satisfaction formation process: Empirical evidence in the travel agency sector. Tourism Management, 27(3), 410-419. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.10.006
  35. Domínguez-Quintero, A.M., González-Rodríguez, M.R., & Paddison. B. (2020). The mediating role of experience quality on authenticity and satisfaction in the context of cultural-heritage tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(2), 248-260. http://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1502261
  36. du Cros, H. (2001). A new model to assist in planning for sustainable cultural heritage tourism. International Journal of Tourism Research, 3(2), 165-170. http://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.297
  37. Echtner, C.M., & Ritchie, J.R.B. (1991). The meaning and measurement of destination image. Journal of Tourism Studies, 2(2), 2-12.
  38. Echtner, C.M., & Ritchie, J.R.B. (1993). The measurement of destination image: An empirical assessment. Journal of Travel Research, 31(4), 3-13. http://doi.org/10.1177/004728759303100402
  39. Echtner, C.M., & Ritchie, J.R.B. (2003). The meaning and measurement of destination image. Tourism Management, 14(1), 37-46.
  40. Endah, P.E., Umar, N., Suharyono, S., & Andriani, K. (2017). Study on destination image, satisfaction, trust and behaviour itention. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 61(1), 148-159. http://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2017-01.15
  41. Erkmen, E. (2019). Managing restaurant attributes for destination satisfaction: What goes beyond food? Administrative Sciences, 9(1), 19. http://doi.org/10.3390/admsci9010019
  42. Fan, J., Qiu, H.L., & Wu, X.F. (2014). Tourist destination image, place attachment, and tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior: A case of Zhejiang tourist resorts. Tourism Tribune, 29(1), 55-66.
  43. Gallarza, M.G., Saura, I.G., & GarcıÌa, H.C. (2002). Destination image: Towards a conceptual framework. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 56-78. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00031-7
  44. Gao, J., Lin, S.T., & Zhang, C.Z. (2020). Authenticity, involvement, and nostalgia: Understanding visitor satisfaction with an adaptive reuse heritage site in urban China. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 15, 100404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.100404
  45. Guo, W.F., Zheng, X.M., Meng, F., & Zhang, X.N. (2019). The evolution of cultural space in a World Heritage Site: Tourism sustainable development of Mount Wuyi, China. Sustainability, 11(15), 4025. http://doi.org/10 .3390/su11154025
  46. Hair, J.F. Jr., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., & Black, W.C. (1992). Multivariate Data Analysis with Reading (3rd ed.), Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.
  47. Halpenny, E. (2010). Pro-environmental behaviors and park visitors: The effect of place attachment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(4), 409-421. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.04.006
  48. Hernández-Lobato, L, Solis-Radilla, M.M.,Moliner-Tena, M.A., & Sánchez-García, J. (2006). Tourism destination image, satisfaction and loyalty: A study in Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo, Mexico. Tourism Geographies, 8(4), 343-358. http://doi.org/10.1080/14616680600922039
  49. Hoang, T.D.T., Brown, G., & Kim, K.J. (2020). Measuring resident place attachment in a World Cultural Heritage tourism context: The case of Hoi An (Vietnam). Current Issues in Tourism, 23(16), 2059-2075. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1751091
  50. Holbrook, M.B. (1996). Customer value– A framework for analysis and research. Advances in Consumer Research, 23(1), 138-142.
  51. Hosany, S., Prayag, G., van deer Veen, R.J., Huang, S., & Deesilatham, S. (2017). Mediating effects of place attachment and satisfaction on the relationship between tourist’s emotions and intention to recommend. Journal of Travel Research, 56(8), 1079-1093. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516678088
  52. Hsu, C., Killion, L., Brown, G., Gross, M. J., & Huang, S. (2008). Tourism marketing: An Asia – Pacific perspective. Milton, Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
  53. Ilban, M.O., Kasli, M., & Bezirgan, M. (2015). Effects of destination image and total perceived value on tourists' behaviour intentions: An investigation of domestic festival tourists. Tourism Analysis, 20(5), 499-510. http://doi.org/10.3727/108354215X14411980111370
  54. Ispas, A., Untaru, E.N., Candrea, A.N., & Han, H. (2021). Impact of place identity and place dependence on satisfaction and loyalty toward Black Sea coastal destinations: The role of visitation frequency. Coastal Management, 49(3), 250-274. http://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2021.1899914
  55. Jang, S.C., & Feng, R.M. (2007). Temporal destination revisit intention: The effects of novelty seeking and satisfaction. Tourism Management, 28(3), 580-590. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.04.024
  56. Jebbouri, A., Zhang, H.Q., & Bouchiba, N. (2021). Tourists preferences in visiting heritage sites in China. Regulating Procurement, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-626978/v1
  57. Jeong, Y.D., Kim, S.K., & Yu, J.G. (2019). Determinants of behavioral intentions in the context of sport tourism with the aim of sustaining sporting destinations. Sustainability, 11(11), 3073. http://doi.org/10.3390/su11113073
  58. Jiang, Y.Y., Ramkissoon, H., Mavondo, F.T., & Feng, S. (2017). Authenticity: The link between destination image and place attachment. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 26(2), 105-124. http://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2016.1185988
  59. Jin, M.L., Choi, Y.J., Lee, C.K., & Ahmad, M.S. (2020). Effects of place attachment and image on revisit intention in an ecotourism destination: Using an extended model of goal-directed behavior. Sustainability, 12(18), 7831. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187831
  60. Jin, N.H., Hyuckgi, L., & Lee, S.M. (2013). Event quality, perceived value, destination image, and behaviour intention of sports events: The case of the IAAF World Championship, Daegu, 2011. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 18(8), 849-864. http://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2012.711336
  61. Kanwel, S., Lingqiang, Z., Asif, M., Hwang, J., Hussain, A., & Jameel, A. (2019). The influence of destination image on tourist loyalty and intention to visit: Testing a multiple mediation approach. Sustainability, 11(22), 6401. http://doi.org/10.3390/su11226401
  62. Khuong, M.N., & Phuong, N.T. (2017). The effects of destination image, perceived value, and service quality on tourist satisfaction and Word-of-Mouth- A study in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 8(5), 217-224. http://doi.org/10.18178/ijtef.2017.8.5.568
  63. Kim, H.B., & Kim, W.G. (2005). The relationship between brand equity and firms’ performance in luxury hotels and chain restaurants. Tourism Management, 26(4), 549-560. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.t ourman.2004.03.010
  64. Kim, J.H., & Ritchie, J.R.B. (2014). Cross-cultural validation of a memorable tourism experience scale (MTES). Journal of Travel Research, 53(3), 323-335. http://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513496468
  65. Kim, M.J., Lee, C.K., & Jung, T. (2020). Exploring consumer behavior in virtual reality tourism using an extended Stimulus-Organism-Response model. Journal of Travel Research, 59(1), 69-89. http://doi.org/10. 1177/0047287518818915
  66. Kim, M.S., & Thapa, B. (2018). The influence of self-congruity, perceived value, and satisfaction on destination loyalty: A case study of the Korean DMZ, Journal of Heritage Tourism, 13(3), 224-236. http://doi.org/10 .1080/1743873X.2017.1295973
  67. Kozak, M. (2003). Measuringtourist satisfaction with multiple destination attributes. Tourism Analysis, 7(3), 229-240. http://doi.org/10.3727/108354203108750076
  68. Kyle, G.T., Graefe, A.R., & Manning, R. (2005). Testing the dimensionality of place attachment in recreational settings. Environment and Behavior, 37(2), 153-177. http://doi.org/10.1177/0013916504269654
  69. Kyle, G.T., Graefe, A.R., Manning, R., & Bacon, J. (2004a). Effects of place attachment on users' perceptions of social and environmental conditions in a natural setting. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(2), 213-225. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2003.12.006
  70. Kyle, G.T., Graefe, A.R., Manning, R., & Bacon, J. (2004b). Effect of activity involvement and place attachment on recreationists’ perceptions of setting density. Journal of Leisure Research, 36(2), 209-231. http://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2004.11950020
  71. Lai, K., & Li, X. (2016). Tourism destination image: Conceptual problems and definitional solutions. Journal of Travel Research, 55, 1065-1080. http://doi.org/10.1177/0047287515619693
  72. Le, H., Le, T., Le, Q., & Ngo, C. (2020). Examining the structural relationships of destination image and tourist satisfaction. Management Science Letters, 10(9), 1993-2000. http://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.2.013
  73. Lee, L., Kyle, G., & Scott, D. (2012). The medicating effect of place attachment on the relationship between festival satisfaction and loyalty to the festival hosting destination. Journal of Travel Research, 51(6), 754-767. http://doi.org/10.1177/0047287512437859
  74. Lee, T.H., & Shen, Y.L. (2013). The influence of leisure involvement and place attachment on destination loyalty: Evidence from recreationists walking their dogs in urban parks. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 33, 76-85. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.11.002
  75. Lee, Y.H., & Chen, T.L. (2005). Traveling motivation and satisfaction of tourists: An empirical study of Taroko national park in Taiwan. The Business Review, 4, 175-181.
  76. Leonidou, L.C., Coudounaris, D.N., Kvasova, O., & Christodoulides, P. (2014). Tourist environmental attitude and behavior: Antecedents, moderators, and outcomes. Academy of Marketing Conference 2014, University of Bournemouth/UK during July 2014
  77. Lestari, A.A., Yasri, Y., & Abror, A. (2019). Effect of destination image, perceived value, tourism satisfaction with return to visit. 2nd Padang International Conference on Education, Economics, Business and Accounting (PICEEBA-2 2018), Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 64, pp. 546-552.
  78. Li, L., Rashid, B., & Tahir, S. (2018). An overview of moderating effect of familiarity on tourism resources and future behavioural intentions- A study on domestic tourists visiting Ningxia, China. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 6(6), 124–131. https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss6.1078
  79. Li, Q., Li, X., Chen, W., Su, X., & Yu, R. (2020). Involvement, place attachment, and environmentally responsible behaviour connected with geographical indication products. Tourism Geographies, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1826569
  80. Lin, S.S. (2018). The moderating role of intercultural service encounters in the relationship among tourist’s destination image, perceived value and environmentally responsible behaviors. American Journal of Tourism Management, 7(1), 1-9.
  81. Lopez-Guzman, T., Galvéz, J.C.P., & Munoz-Fernández, G. (2018). Satisfaction, motivation, loyalty and segmentation of tourists in World Heritage cities. Revista de Turismoy Patrimonio Cultural, 16(1), 73-86. http://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2018.16.005
  82. Luo, J.M., & Ren, L.P. (2020). Qualitative analysis of residents’ generativity motivation and behaviour in heritage tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 124-130. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht m.2020.08.005
  83. Mahasuweerachai, P., & Qu, H. (2011). The impact of destination image on value, satisfaction, and loyalty: Moderating effects of tourists’ characteristics and involvement. 16th Annual Graduate Education and Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism, Houston, Texas.
  84. McKercher, B., & du Cros, H. (2002). Cultural Tourism: The Partnership between Tourism and Cultural Heritage Management. New York: Haworth Hospitality Press.
  85. Miragaia, D., Conde, D., & Soares, J. (2016). Measuring service quality of ski resorts: An approach to identify the consumer profile. The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 9(1), 53-61. http://doi.org/10.2174/1875399X 01609010053
  86. Naqvi, M.H.A., Jiang, Y.S., Naqvi, M.H., Miao, M., Liang, C.Y., & Mehmood, S. (2018). The effect of cultural heritage tourism on tourist word of mouth: The Case of Lok Versa Festival, Pakistan. Sustainability, 10(7), 2391. http://doi.org/10.3390/su10072391
  87. Nasir, M.N.M., Mohamada, M., Ab Ghani, N.I., & Afthanorhan, A. (2020). Testing mediation roles of place attachment and tourist satisfaction on destination attractiveness and destination loyalty relationship using phantom approach. Management Science Letters, 10, 443-454. http://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.8.026
  88. Nunnally, J.C. (1967). Psychometric Theory, (1st Ed.). McGraw-Hill, New York.
  89. Nyiri, P. (2006). Scenic Spots: Chinese Tourism, the State and Cultural Authority. Washington, DC: University of Washington Press.
  90. Oliver, R.L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460-469. http://doi.org/10.2307/3150499
  91. Oliver, R.L. (1999). Value as Excellence in the Consumption Experience. In Morris B. Holbrook (Eds.), Consumer Value: A Framework for Analysis and Research, (pp. 43-62). London: Routledge
  92. Oppermann, M. (1993). Tourism space in developing countries. Annals of Tourism Research, 20(3), 535-556. http://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(93)90008-Q
  93. Park, E.K., Choi, B.K., & Lee, T.J. (2019). The role and dimensions of authenticity in heritage tourism. Tourism Management, 74, 99-109. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.03.001
  94. Patwardhan, V., Ribeiro, M.A., Payini, V., Woonam, K.M., & Mallya, J. (2020). Visitors’ place attachment and destination loyalty: Examining the roles of emotional solidarity and perceived safety. Journal of Travel Research, 59(1), 3-21. http://doi.org/10.1177/0047287518824157
  95. Poria, Y., Butler, R., & Airey, D. (2003). The core of heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 238-254. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00064-6
  96. Prayag, G., & Ryan, C. (2012). Antecedents to tourists’ loyalty to Mauritius: The role and influence of destination image, place attachment, personal involvement, and satisfaction. Journal of Travel Research, 51(3), 342-356. http://doi.org/10.1177/0047287511410321
  97. Prebensen, N.K., & Xie, J. (2017). Efficacy of co-creation and mastering on perceived value and satisfaction in tourists’ consumption. Tourism Management, 60, 166-176. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.12.001
  98. Prezioso, M., D'Orazio, A., & Pigliucci, M. (2020). Synergetic relations between Cultural Heritage and Tourism as driver for territorial development: ESPON evidence [Working paper].
  99. Ramkissoon. H., & Mavondo, F. (2015). The satisfaction-place attachment relationship: Potential mediators and moderators. Journal of Business Research, 68(12), 2593-2602. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.05.002
  100. Ramkissoon, H., Smith, L.G.D., & Weiler, B. (2013). Relationship between place attachment, place satisfaction, and pro-environmental behaviour in an Australian national park. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(3), 434-457. http://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.708042
  101. Ranjbarian, B., & Pool, J.K. (2015). The impact of perceived quality and value on tourists’ satisfaction and intention to revisit Nowshahr city of Iran. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 16(1), 103-117. http://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2015.966295
  102. Roberto, M., & Raffaele, C. (2017). Destination web reputation as “smart tool†for image building: The case analysis of Naples city-destination. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 3(4), 406-423. http://doi.org/10. 1108/IJTC-11-2016-0048
  103. Rodriguez-Molina, M.A., Jamilena, D.M.F., & Castañeda, A. (2015). The contribution of website design to the generation of tourist destination image: The moderating effect of involvement. Tourism Management, 47(C), 303-317. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.10.001
  104. Rohyati, U.S., & Willson, G. (2017). Destination image and place attachment on Car Free Day Events revisit intention: A gender perspective. 29th IBIMA Conference, 3-4, May, 2017. Vienna, Austria.
  105. Sabiote-Ortiz, C.M., Frias-Jamilena, D.M., & Castaneda-Garcia, J.A. (2016). Overall perceived value of a tourism service delivered via different media: A cross-cultural perspective. Journal of Travel Research, 55(1), 34-51. http://doi.org/10.1177/0047287514535844
  106. Saeedi, H., & Hanzaee, K.H. (2018). The effects of heritage image on destination branding: An Iranian perspective. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 13(2), 152-166. http://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2016.1264958
  107. Sanchez, J., Callarisa, L., Rodriguez, R.M., & Moliner, M.A. (2006). Perceived value of the purchase of a tourism product. Tourism Management, 27(3), 394-409. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.11.007
  108. Santoso, S. (2019). Examining relationships between destination image, tourist motivation, satisfaction, and visit intention in Yogyakarta. Expert Journal of Business and Management, 7(1), 82-90
  109. Sato, S., Gipson, C., Todd, S., & Harada, M. (2018). The relationship between sport tourists’ perceived value and destination loyalty: An experience-use history segmentation approach. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 22(2), 173-186. http://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2017.1348967
  110. Schofield, P. (2000). Evaluating Castlefield urban heritage park from the consumer perspective: Destination attribute importance, visitor perception, and satisfaction. Tourism Analysis, 5(2-4), 183-189.
  111. Seetanah, B., Teeroovengadum, V., & Nunkoo, R. (2020). Destination satisfaction and revisit intention of tourists: does the quality of airport services matter? Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 44(1), 134-148. http://doi.org/10.1177/1096348018798446
  112. Seyfi, S., Hall, C.M., & Rasoolimanesh, S.M. (2019). Exploring memorable cultural tourism experiences. Journal of Heritage tourism, 15(3), 341-357. http://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2019.1639717
  113. Sharma, P., & Nayak, J.K. (2020). Examining experience quality as the determinant of tourist behavior in niche tourism: An analytical approach. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 15(1), 76-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743 873X.2019.1608212
  114. Sheth, J.N., Newman, B.I., & Gross, B.L. (1991). Why we buy what we buy: A theory of consumption values. Journal of business research, 22(2), 159-170. http://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(91)90050-8
  115. Shirazi, F.M., & Mat Som, A.P. (2013). Relationship marketing and destination loyalty: Evidence from Penang, Malaysia. International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 6(1), 95-102.
  116. Sing’ambi, E., & Lwoga, N.B. (2018). Heritage attachment and domestic tourists’ visits to historic sites. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(3), 310-326. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJC THR-09-2017-0091
  117. Song, H.M., Kim, K.S., & Yim, B.H. (2017). The mediating effect of place attachment on the relationship between golf tourism destination image and revisit intention. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(11), 1182-1193. http://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2017.1377740
  118. Speno, L. (ed). (2010). Heritage Tourism Handbook: A How-to-Guide for Georgia, Historic Preservation Division Georgia Department of Natural Resources.
  119. Stumpf, P., Vojtko, V., & Janecek, P. (2020). Do European tourists intend to revisit the same countries? Effect of satisfaction in European Union destinations. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 20(4), 398–417. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2020.1807405
  120. Stylidis, D., Woosnam, K.M., Ivkov, M., & Kim, S. (2020). Destination loyalty explained through place attachment, destination familiarity, and destination image. International Journal of Tourism Research, 22(5), 604-616. http://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2359
  121. Su, D.N., Nguyen, N.A.N., Nguyen, Q.N.T., & Tran, T.P. (2020). The link between travel motivation and satisfaction towards a heritage destination: The role of visitor engagement, visitor experience and heritage destination image. Tourism Management Perspectives, 34, 100634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100634
  122. Su, L., Hsu, M.K., & Swanson, S. (2017). The effect of tourist relationship perception on destination loyalty at a world heritage site in China: The mediating role of overall destination satisfaction and trust. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 41(2), 180-210. http://doi.org/10.1177/1096348014525630
  123. Su, M.M., & Wall, G. (2011). Chinese research on World Heritage tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 16(1), 75-88. http://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2011.539392
  124. Su, Y.J., Xu, J.J., Sotiriadis, M., & Shen, S.W. (2021). Authenticity, perceived value and loyalty in marine tourism destinations: The case of Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China. Sustainability, 13, 3716. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073716
  125. Suntikul, W., & Jachna, T. (2016). The co-creation/ place attachment nexus. Tourism Management, 52, 276-286. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.06.026
  126. Sweeney, J., & Soutar, G.N. (2001). Consumer perceived value: The development of a multiple item scale. Journal of Retailing, 77(2), 203-220. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(01)00041-0
  127. Toyama, M., & Yamada, Y. (2012). The relationships among tourist novelty, familiarity, satisfaction, and destination loyalty: Beyond the novelty-familiarity continuum. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(6), 10-18. http://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v4n6p10
  128. Tsiros, M., Mittal, V., & Ross, W.T. (2004). The role of attributions in consumer satisfaction: A re-examination. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(2), 476-483. http://doi.org/10.1086/422124
  129. UNWTO (2009). Sustainable tourism management at World Heritage Sites– Enhancing inter-agency and stakeholder coordination for joint action, Madrid: World Tourism Organization.
  130. Uslu, A., Inanir, A. (2020). The effect of destination image on destination satisfaction and the mediating role of perceived quality of destination: The case of Manavgat. Business & Management Studies, 8(2), 1753-1776.
  131. Vaske, J., & Kobrin, K. (2001). Place attachment and environmentally responsible behavior. Journal of Environmental Education, 32(4), 16-21. http://doi.org/10.1080/00958960109598658
  132. Waheed, N., & Hassan, Z. (2016). Influence of customer perceived value on tourist satisfaction and revisit intention: A study on Guesthouses in Maldives. International Journal of Accounting, Business and Management, 4(1), 101-123. http://doi.org/10.24924/ijabm/2016.04/v4.iss1/98.119
  133. Wan, P.Y.K., Cheng, E.I.M. (2011). Service quality of Macau’s world heritage site. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 5(1), 57-68. http://doi.org/10.1108/17506181111111762
  134. Wang, X., & Leou, C.H. (2015). A study of tourism motivation, perceived value and destination loyalty for Macao cultural and heritage tourists. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 7(6), 83-91. http://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v7n6p83
  135. Weng, L.S., He, B.J., Liu, L., Li, C.X., & Zhang, X. (2019). Sustainability assessment of cultural heritage tourism: Case study of Pingyao Ancient City in China. Sustainability, 11(5), 1392. http://doi.org/10.3390/su11051392
  136. Wu, B.H., Li, M.M., & Huang, G.P. (2002). A study on relationship of conservation and tourism demand of World Heritage Sites in China. Geographical Research, 21(5), 617-626.
  137. Wu, H.C., & Li, T. (2017). A study of experiential quality, perceived value, heritage image, experiential satisfaction and behaviour intentions for heritage tourists. Journal of Hospitality &Tourism Research, 41(8), 904-944. http://doi.org/10.1177/1096348014525638
  138. Xu, X., & Li, Y. (2016). The antecedents of customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction toward various types of hotels: A text mining approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 55, 57-69. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.03.003
  139. Xue, Q., Wei, N.N., Li, H.B., Huang, Q., & Shi, X.Y. (2019). Analysis of the evolutionary characteristics of the Wuyi Mountain tourism destination system based on tourist environment flow. Ekoloji Dergisi, 107, 4527-4536.
  140. Ye, S., Wu, J.L., & Zheng, C. (2019). Are tourists with higher expectation more sensitive to service performance? Evidence from urban tourism. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 12, 64-73. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.01.002
  141. Yi, X.L., Fu, X.X., Yu, L., & Jiang, L. (2018). Authenticity and loyalty at heritage sites: The moderation effect of postmodern authenticity. Tourism Management, 67, 411-424. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.01.013
  142. Yoo, B., & Donthu, N. (2001). Developing & validating a multidimensional consumer-based brand equity scale. Journal of Business Research, 52(1), 1-14. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(99)00098-3
  143. Yuksel, A., Yuksel, F., & Bilim. Y. (2010). Destination attachment: Effects on consumer satisfaction and cognitive, affective and conative loyalty. Tourism Management, 31(2), 274-284. http://doi.org/10.101 6/j.tourman.2009.03.007
  144. Yuliana. (2018). Analysing destination experience, satisfaction and loyalty of domestic tourists: A case study of Bali, Indonesia. Pertanika Journals of Social Sciences and Humanities, 26, 213-224.
  145. Zeithaml, V.A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence. The Journal of marketing, 52(3), 2-22. http://doi.org/10.2307/1251446
  146. Zhang, B., & Niyomsilp, E. (2020). The relationship between tourism destination image, perceived value and post-visiting behavioral intention of Chinese tourist to Thailand. International Business Research, 13(11), 96-105. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v13n11p96
  147. Zhang, G., Chen, X.Y., Law, R., & Zhang, M. (2020). Sustainability of heritage tourism: A structural perspective from cultural identity and consumption intention. Sustainability, 12(21), 91-99. https://doi.org/1 0.3390/su12219199
  148. Zhang, L., Yang, S., Wang, D., & Ma, E. (2020). Perceived value of, and experience with, a World Heritage Site in China- The case of Kaiping Diaolou and villages in China. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 17(1), 91-106. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2020.1820014
  149. Zhao, Y.Y., & Lu, B.J. (2020). The evolution and new trends of China's tourism industry. National Accounting Review, 2(4), 337-353. http://doi.org/10.3934/NAR.2020020