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STAYING DECISION MAKING PROCESS IN DISASTER PRONE AREA: A GROUNDED THEORY METHOD STUDY ON FISHERMEN COMMUNITY IN SEMARANG COAST, INDONESIA
Corresponding Author(s) : Choirul Amin
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 2 (2019): March
Abstract
Purpose of the Study: In an increasing migration driven by climate change disaster, there are people who remain to stay in disaster-prone areas. Even though there is little research on migration to understand non-migrant people, this study seeks to understand the staying decision making process and understand how and why people stay in disaster-prone areas.
Methodology: Grounded Theory Method (GTM) is used in this research. The qualitative approach in this study is intended to gain individual insights to reveal the process and steps of staying decision-making in disaster prone-areas.
Applications: This study was conducted in the Semarang coastal area, which is simultaneously prone to three disasters, i.e., sea level rise, land subsidence, and tidal inundation. The study shows that staying decision-making was taken in household units. The staying decision-making process consists of interactions between four components: availability of options, motives, expectations, and incentives.
Results: Exploring the decision to stay is an opportunity to understand migration processes in a new way. This research adds a conceptual study to the migration literature on the basis of existing theories to explain immobility in disaster-prone areas.
Keywords
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- Abidin, H. Z., Andreas, H., Gumilar, I., Sidiq, T. P., Gamal, M., & Murdohardono, D. (2010). Studying Land Subsidence in Semarang (Indonesia) using Geodetic Methods. In FIG Congress. Facing the Challenges – Building the Capacity Sydney, Australia, 11-16 April 2010 (pp. 1–15).
- Amin, C., Sukamdi, & Rijanta. (2019). Modeling (Im) mobility: the decision to stay in disaster prone area amongs fishermen community in Semarang. E3S Web of Conferences, 76, 03012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197603012
- Amin, C., Sukamdi, S., & Rijanta, R. (2018). Exploring Typology of Residents Staying in Disaster-Prone Areas: A Case Study in Tambak Lorok, Semarang, Indonesia. Forum Geografi, 32(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v32i1.5817
- Arief, L. N., Purnama, B. S., & Aditya, T. (2012). Pemetaan Risiko Bencana Banjir Rob. The 1st Conference on Geospatial Information Science and Engineering, 1–12.
- Baláž, V., Williams, A. M., & Fifeková, E. (2016). Migration Decision Making as Complex Choice: Eliciting Decision Weights Under Conditions of Imperfect and Complex Information Through Experimental Methods. Population, Space and Place, 22(1), 36–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.1858
- Carling, J., & Schewel, K. (2018). Revisiting aspiration and ability in international migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(6), 945–963. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1384146
- Chang, I. Y., Jackson, S. J., & Sam, M. P. (2017). Risk society, anxiety and exit: A case study of South Korean migration decision-making. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 26(3), 328–351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0117196817727800
- Clark, W. A. V., Duque-Calvache, R., & Palomares-Linares, I. (2017). Place Attachment and the Decision to Stay in the Neighbourhood. Population, Space and Place, 23(2), e2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2001
- Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). California: Sage Publications, Inc.
- De Jong, G. F., & Fawcett, J. T. (1981). Motivations for Migration: An Assessment and a Value-Expectancy Research Model. In Migration Decision Making (pp. 13–58). Elsevier. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-026305-2.50008-5
- De Jong, G., & Gardner, R. (1981). Migration Decision Making. Multidisciplinary Approaches to Microlevel Studies in Developed and Developing Countries. New York: Pergamon Press.
- Fischer, P. A., & Malmberg, G. (2001). Settled People Don’t Move: On Life Course and (Im-)Mobility in Sweden. International Journal of Population Geography, 7(5), 357–371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijpg.230
- Gomez, O. (2013). Working Paper: Climate change and migration. A review of the literature.
- Gray, C., & Mueller, V. (2012). DROUGHT AND POPULATION MOBILITY IN RURAL ETHIOPIA. World Development, 40(1), 134–145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.05.023
- Ifan R Suhelmi, & Hari Prihatno. (2014). Spatial Dynamic Model of Inundated area due to Sea Level rise at Semarang coastal Area. Jurnal Manusia Dan Lingkungan, 21(1), 15–20.
- King, R. (2012). Theories and typologies of migration: An overview and a primer. Willy Brandt Series of Working Papers in International Migration and Ethnic Relations (Vol. 3/12). Sweden.
- Lee, E. S. (1996). A Theory of Migration. Demography, 3(1), 47–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2060063
- Mabogunje, A. L. (1970). Systems Approach to a Theory of Rural-Urban Migration. Geographical Analysis, 2(1), 1–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1970.tb00140.x
- Marfai, M. A., & King, L. (2008). Coastal flood management in Semarang, Indonesia. Environmental Geology, 55(7), 1507–1518. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-1101-3
- Marfai, M. A., Almohammad, H., Dey, S., Susanto, B., & King, L. (2008). Coastal dynamic and shoreline mapping: Multi-sources spatial data analysis in Semarang Indonesia. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 142(1–3), 297–308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9929-2
- Marfai, M. A., King, L., Sartohadi, J., Sudrajat, S., Budiani, S. R., & Yulianto, F. (2008). The impact of tidal flooding on a coastal community in Semarang, Indonesia. Environmentalist, 28(3), 237–248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-007-9134-4
- Massey, D. S., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., & Taylor, J. E. (1993). Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal. Source: Population and Development Review, 19(3), 431–466. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2938462
- Norris, R. E. (1972). Migration as Spatial Interaction. Journal of Geography, 71(5), 294–301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00221347208981672
- Raleigh, C., Jordan, L., & Salehyan, I. (2008). Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Migration and Conflict. The Social Development Departement, The World Bank Group. Washington DC: The World Bank.
- Ravenstein E. G. (1885). The Laws of Migration. Journal of the Statistical Society of London, 48(2), 167–235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2979181
- Schewel, K. (2019). Understanding Immobility: Moving Beyond the Mobility Bias in Migration Studies. International Migration Review, 1(28), 019791831983195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0197918319831952
- Sell, R. R., & Dejong, G. F. (1978). Toward a Motivational Theory of Migration Decision Making. Journal of Population, 1(4), 313–335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00972555
- Speare, A. (1971). A cost-benefit model of rural to urban migration in Taiwan. Population Studies, 25(1), 117–130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.1971.10405788
- Stark, O., & Bloom, D. E. (1985). The New Economics of Labor Migration. The American Economic Review, 75(2), 173–178.
- Todaro, M. P. (1969). A Model of Labor Migration and Urban Unemployment in Less Developed Countries. The American Economic Review. American Economic Association.
- Todaro, M. P. (1980). Internal Migration in Developing Countries: A Survey. In Richard A. Easterlin (Ed.), Population and Economic Change in Developing Countries (pp. 361–402). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Ureta, S. (2008). To Move or Not to Move? Social Exclusion, Accessibility and Daily Mobility among the Lowâ€income Population in Santiago, Chile. Mobilities, 3(2), 269–289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17450100802095338
- Wolpert, J. (1966). Migration as an Adjustment to Environmental Stress. Journal of Social Issues, 22(4), 92–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1966.tb00552.x
- Zelinsky, W. (1971). The Hypothesis of the Mobility Transition. Geographical Review, 61(2), 219–249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/213996
References
Abidin, H. Z., Andreas, H., Gumilar, I., Sidiq, T. P., Gamal, M., & Murdohardono, D. (2010). Studying Land Subsidence in Semarang (Indonesia) using Geodetic Methods. In FIG Congress. Facing the Challenges – Building the Capacity Sydney, Australia, 11-16 April 2010 (pp. 1–15).
Amin, C., Sukamdi, & Rijanta. (2019). Modeling (Im) mobility: the decision to stay in disaster prone area amongs fishermen community in Semarang. E3S Web of Conferences, 76, 03012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197603012
Amin, C., Sukamdi, S., & Rijanta, R. (2018). Exploring Typology of Residents Staying in Disaster-Prone Areas: A Case Study in Tambak Lorok, Semarang, Indonesia. Forum Geografi, 32(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v32i1.5817
Arief, L. N., Purnama, B. S., & Aditya, T. (2012). Pemetaan Risiko Bencana Banjir Rob. The 1st Conference on Geospatial Information Science and Engineering, 1–12.
Baláž, V., Williams, A. M., & Fifeková, E. (2016). Migration Decision Making as Complex Choice: Eliciting Decision Weights Under Conditions of Imperfect and Complex Information Through Experimental Methods. Population, Space and Place, 22(1), 36–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.1858
Carling, J., & Schewel, K. (2018). Revisiting aspiration and ability in international migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(6), 945–963. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1384146
Chang, I. Y., Jackson, S. J., & Sam, M. P. (2017). Risk society, anxiety and exit: A case study of South Korean migration decision-making. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 26(3), 328–351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0117196817727800
Clark, W. A. V., Duque-Calvache, R., & Palomares-Linares, I. (2017). Place Attachment and the Decision to Stay in the Neighbourhood. Population, Space and Place, 23(2), e2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2001
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). California: Sage Publications, Inc.
De Jong, G. F., & Fawcett, J. T. (1981). Motivations for Migration: An Assessment and a Value-Expectancy Research Model. In Migration Decision Making (pp. 13–58). Elsevier. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-026305-2.50008-5
De Jong, G., & Gardner, R. (1981). Migration Decision Making. Multidisciplinary Approaches to Microlevel Studies in Developed and Developing Countries. New York: Pergamon Press.
Fischer, P. A., & Malmberg, G. (2001). Settled People Don’t Move: On Life Course and (Im-)Mobility in Sweden. International Journal of Population Geography, 7(5), 357–371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijpg.230
Gomez, O. (2013). Working Paper: Climate change and migration. A review of the literature.
Gray, C., & Mueller, V. (2012). DROUGHT AND POPULATION MOBILITY IN RURAL ETHIOPIA. World Development, 40(1), 134–145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.05.023
Ifan R Suhelmi, & Hari Prihatno. (2014). Spatial Dynamic Model of Inundated area due to Sea Level rise at Semarang coastal Area. Jurnal Manusia Dan Lingkungan, 21(1), 15–20.
King, R. (2012). Theories and typologies of migration: An overview and a primer. Willy Brandt Series of Working Papers in International Migration and Ethnic Relations (Vol. 3/12). Sweden.
Lee, E. S. (1996). A Theory of Migration. Demography, 3(1), 47–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2060063
Mabogunje, A. L. (1970). Systems Approach to a Theory of Rural-Urban Migration. Geographical Analysis, 2(1), 1–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1970.tb00140.x
Marfai, M. A., & King, L. (2008). Coastal flood management in Semarang, Indonesia. Environmental Geology, 55(7), 1507–1518. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-1101-3
Marfai, M. A., Almohammad, H., Dey, S., Susanto, B., & King, L. (2008). Coastal dynamic and shoreline mapping: Multi-sources spatial data analysis in Semarang Indonesia. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 142(1–3), 297–308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9929-2
Marfai, M. A., King, L., Sartohadi, J., Sudrajat, S., Budiani, S. R., & Yulianto, F. (2008). The impact of tidal flooding on a coastal community in Semarang, Indonesia. Environmentalist, 28(3), 237–248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-007-9134-4
Massey, D. S., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., & Taylor, J. E. (1993). Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal. Source: Population and Development Review, 19(3), 431–466. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2938462
Norris, R. E. (1972). Migration as Spatial Interaction. Journal of Geography, 71(5), 294–301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00221347208981672
Raleigh, C., Jordan, L., & Salehyan, I. (2008). Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Migration and Conflict. The Social Development Departement, The World Bank Group. Washington DC: The World Bank.
Ravenstein E. G. (1885). The Laws of Migration. Journal of the Statistical Society of London, 48(2), 167–235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2979181
Schewel, K. (2019). Understanding Immobility: Moving Beyond the Mobility Bias in Migration Studies. International Migration Review, 1(28), 019791831983195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0197918319831952
Sell, R. R., & Dejong, G. F. (1978). Toward a Motivational Theory of Migration Decision Making. Journal of Population, 1(4), 313–335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00972555
Speare, A. (1971). A cost-benefit model of rural to urban migration in Taiwan. Population Studies, 25(1), 117–130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.1971.10405788
Stark, O., & Bloom, D. E. (1985). The New Economics of Labor Migration. The American Economic Review, 75(2), 173–178.
Todaro, M. P. (1969). A Model of Labor Migration and Urban Unemployment in Less Developed Countries. The American Economic Review. American Economic Association.
Todaro, M. P. (1980). Internal Migration in Developing Countries: A Survey. In Richard A. Easterlin (Ed.), Population and Economic Change in Developing Countries (pp. 361–402). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Ureta, S. (2008). To Move or Not to Move? Social Exclusion, Accessibility and Daily Mobility among the Lowâ€income Population in Santiago, Chile. Mobilities, 3(2), 269–289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17450100802095338
Wolpert, J. (1966). Migration as an Adjustment to Environmental Stress. Journal of Social Issues, 22(4), 92–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1966.tb00552.x
Zelinsky, W. (1971). The Hypothesis of the Mobility Transition. Geographical Review, 61(2), 219–249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/213996