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DIRECTIVE POLITENESS ACT STRATEGY IN THE DISCOURSE OF EDUCATION COLUMN IN NATIONAL NEWSPAPER AS THE FORMATION OF STUDENTS’ CHARACTER IN INDONESIA
Corresponding Author(s) : Harun Joko Prayitno
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 2 (2019): March
Abstract
Purpose of the Study: This study aims to identify the forms of directive politeness act found in the educational discourse, to describe the directive politeness act technique and to formulate directive politeness act that can be used to form the readers’ character, especially the students in Indonesia.
Methodology: This study used a qualitative approach with multi-column data analysis technique design. The data source of this study was the directive politeness speech act containing a message of character formation in the discourse of education column in the Daily National Newspaper (DNN) Kompas and Republika in the period from January 2018 to March 2018. The data analysis in this research was carried out while the data processing and data validation technique were being conducted. The data analysis is supported by the taxonomy data analysis technique of the Levinson model underlain by the Indonesian cultural background.
Result: The research results report that the use of directive politeness acts, in the discourse of education column in the daily national newspaper, can be divided into the politeness act of advising (9.62%), supporting (9.62%), and instructing (9.62%), by which the greatest number is gained. The directive speech act strategy in the discourse of education column can be divided into two types: direct strategy (83%) and indirect strategy (17%). The implication of the directive politeness act in the discourse of education column of DNN can be formulated into 11 character building values, which are religiosity, honesty, harmony-tolerance, discipline, sincerity and hard work, creativity, independence, democracy, curiosity, love for the homeland, and appreciation for other people’s works and achievements. The value of honesty, religiosity, and tolerance becomes the strong feature of the discourse of education column in DNN. The results describe that the thriving and excellent main capital in building Indonesia are divinity, harmony, unity, and tolerance.
Implications: The values of character education become a worthwhile benchmark in the framework to instill educational values and build readers’ independence and maturity in the Indonesian context.
Keywords
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- Abuya, Eromosele John. (2012). A Pragma-stylistic Analysis of President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan Inaugural Speech. English Language Teaching 5(11):8-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v5n11p8
- Afandi, Rifki. (2011). Integrasi Pendidikan Karakter dalam Pembelajaran IPS di Sekolah Dasar. Journal Pedagogia 1(1): 85-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21070/pedagogia.v1i1.32
- Aisyah, A. R. (2014). Teaching and Learning At Personality Development Unit in the. International Journal of Education Research, 2(10), 203–214.
- Alaba, A. D. S. (2015). Vision for Sustainable Development: Pragmatic Strategies of Media Political Competitive Encounter. International Journal of Language and Literature, 3(2), 134–143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15640/ijll.v3n2a14
- Al-Shboul, Y., Maros, M., & Mohd Yasin, M. S. (2012). An intercultural study of refusal strategies in english between jordanian EFL and malay ESL postgraduate students. 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature, 18(3), 29–39.
- Beaver, D. (2007). Semantics and Pragmatics — A New Journal ∗. Semantics & Pragmatics, 0, 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.0.1
- Beden, S., & Zahid, I. (2017). Analisis Konteks Peristiwa Bahasa Melunas Rindu: Aplikasi Model Leech dan Grice. Akademika, 87(01), 13–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/akad-2017-8701-02
- Blum-Kulka, S. (1987). Indirectness and politeness in requests: Same or different? Journal of Pragmatics, 11(2), 131–146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(87)90192-5
- Brown, P. (2015). Politeness and Language. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition (Second Edi, Vol. 18). Elsevier. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.53072-4
- Bushuyeva, L. A. (2019). Categorization of Acts Based on The Acts of The Category Mischievous Act. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(3), 150–154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7323
- Chen, Y. (2017). Children’s early awareness of the effect of interpersonal status on politeness. Journal of Politeness Research, 13(1), 121–142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/pr-2014-0016
- Chingcheng, S., Teyi, C., & Zhiwei, L. (2018). A Study on Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Mainland Chinese Students in Taiwan from the Perspective of Self-Identity. Humanities and Social Sciences, 6(1), 30–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20180601.15
- Dalgleish, T., Williams, J. M. G. ., Golden, A.-M. J., Perkins, N., Barrett, L. F., Barnard, P. J., … Watkins, E. (2007). The Education of The National Character 0f Pancasila In Secondary School Based On Pesantren. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136(1), 23–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.136.1.23
- Fazlurrahman, M. H. (2019). Policy Disharmony In Indonesia (Dialectics Of National Education Reform). Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(3), 331–337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7349
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- Hammani Babangida Fatima, Kamahi. (2017). An assessment model of Islamic religion education teacher personality competence. International Journal of Current Research, 9(12), 62108–62113.
- Isdaryanti, B., Rachman, M., Sukestiyarno, Y. L., Florentinus, T. S., & Widodo, W. (2018). Teachers’ performance in science learning management integrated with character education. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v7i1.12887
- Jingna, D. (2012). Application of Humanism Theory in the Teaching Approach. Higher Education of Social Science, 3(1), 32–36.
- Kasiyan. (2012). Pendidikan kesenian dalam pembangunan karakter bangsa. Cakrawala Pendidikan: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, XXI(1), 33–35.
- Kecskes, I. (2017). Context-dependency and impoliteness in intercultural communication. Journal of Politeness Research, 13(1), 7–31. https://doi.org/10.1515/pr-2015-0019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/pr-2015-0019
- Kolb, Sharon M. (2012). Grounded Theory and the Constant Comparative Method: Valid Research Strategies for Educators. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS) 3 (1): 83-86.
- Kumar, P. (2017). Morality and Life skills : The need and importance of life skills education. International Journal of Advanced Education and Research, 2(4), 144–148.
- Lestari, P., & Prayitno, J. (2016). Strategi Dan Skala Kesantunan Tindak Direktif Mahasiswa Riau Di Lingkungan Masyarakat Berlatar Belakang Budaya Jawa. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora, 17, 135–148. Retrieved from DOI: https://doi.org/10.23917/humaniora.v17i2.2533
- Lonyangapuo, K., & Ph, D. (2018). The Linguistic Factor and the Millennium Development Goals : A Lesson for Future Sustainable Development in Kenya. International Journal of Linguistics and Communication, 6(1), 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15640/ijlc.v6n1a1
- Mahamat, N., Raynaud, M. S., Mandiang, Y., & Scanning, Q. (2017). Pragmatic Approach for Estimating Measurement Uncertanties or The Capability CSM1SNC2. International Journal of Current Research, 9(7), 54513–54519.
- Mccoy, K. M., & Mathur, S. R. (2017). Differentiation in the Digital-Based Classroom : A Universal Design Approach for Inclusive Settings in Middle Schools. Journal of Education and Development, 1(1), 1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20849/jed.v1i1.219
- Mujiyanto, Y. (2017). the Verbal Politeness of Interpersonal Utterances Resulted From Back-Translating Indonesian Texts Into English. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 6(2), 288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v6i2.4914
- Mustadi, A., Suhardi, Susilaningrum, E. S., Ummah, R., Purwatiningtyas, M., & Wijayanti, P. E. (2017). Character-based reflective picture storybook: improfing student’s social self-concept in elementary school. Cakrawala Pendidikan: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, XXXVI(3), 369–381.
- Najeeb, Z. M., Maros, M., & Nor, N. F. M. (2012). Politeness in e-mails of Arab students in Malaysia. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies.
- Noor Choliq, Tukiran, S. R. (2012). Prioritas Penentuan Nilai Pendidikan Karakter. Cakrawala Pendidikan: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 7(1), 1–6.
- Noor, K. U., & Prayitno, H. J. (2016). Pergeseran Kesantunan Positif Siswa Kelas IX MTsN 1 Surakarta Berlatar Belakang Budaya Jawa. Kajian Linguistik Dan Sastra, 1(1), 17–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23917/kls.v1i1.2474
- Normand, M. P., & Kohn, C. S. (2011). Teach Your Children Well: a Review of Chance’S the Teacher’S Craft: the Ten Essential Skills of Effective Teaching. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 44(2), 417–420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2011.44-417
- Novaryatiin, S., Priyanto, B., & Masduki, A. (2006). Pengembangan Kreativitas Keterampilan Proses Sains dalam Aspek Kehidupan Organisme pada Mata Pelajaran IPA SD. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 43(December), 51–73.
- Prayitno, H. J., Ngalim, A., Rohmadi, M., & Riyanto, U. (2018). Strategies of Refusal Speech Act by Javanese Culture-based Students at Darul Ihsan Muhammadiyah Islamic Boarding School Sragen Indonesia. EduLearn Journal, 12(3), 520–528. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v12i3.9300
- Prayitno, H. J., Ngalim, A., Sutopo, A., Rohmadi, M., & Yuniawan, T. (2018). Power, Orientation, and Strategy of Positive Politeness Used by Children at The Age of Elementary School with Javanese Cultural Background. Humanus: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Humaniora, 17(2), 164–173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24036/humanus.v17i2.101371
- Rahim, N. A., Halim, H. A., Mamat, R., & Sujud, A. (2014). Discussion among Language Learners : Conflict in. Journal of Human Development and Communication, 3, 9–16.
- Rashid, B. N. (2015). A Pragmatic Analysis of Commisives in Some Selected American Political Texts. International Journal of Current Research, 7(12), 23805–23814.
- Reviews, S. S., & Nugroho, A. (2019). A Future Teacher Trend : A Sociological Study On Freedom. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(3), 306–314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7346
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- Saddhono, K., Wardani, N. E., & Ulya, C. (2015). Sociopragmatic Approach on Discourse Structure of Friday Prayer’S Sermon in Java and Madura Island. Journal of Language Literature, 6(1), 2078–2303. https://doi.org/10.7813/jll.2015/6-1/6
- Safar, M. (2016). Directive Act in the Transaction Sale At Central Market of Watampone Tindak Tutur Direktif Dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Di Pasar Sentral Watampone. Humanus, XV(2), 167–176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24036/jh.v15i2.6623
- Setiawan, B. (2015). Science Education Students in Integrated Science Course Through Simulation Method. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 4(1), 97–100.
- Sharif, A. M., Azman, M. N. A., Balakrishnan, B., Yaacob, M. I. H., & Zain, H. H. M. (2018). The development and teachers’ perception on electromagnet teaching aid: Magnobolt. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia.
- Suastra, I. W., Jatmiko, B., Ristiati, N. P., & Yasmini, L. P. B. (2017). Developing characters based on local wisdom of bali in teaching physics in senior high school. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v6i2.10681
- Sudaryanto. 2017. Menguak Tiga Faset Kehidupan Bahasa. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University Press.
- Sukarno, S. (2015). Politeness Strategies in Responding To Compliments in Javanese. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v4i2.686
- Sukarno, S. (2018). Politeness Strategies, Linguistic Markers and Social Contexts in Delivering Requests in Javanese. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 7(3), 659–667. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v7i3.9816
- Thamrin, M. (2010). Ekspresi Tindak Direktif dalam Interaksi Kelas Bengkel Jurusan teknik Mesin Politeknik Negeri Malang. LITERA, 9(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v9i1.1220
- Tung, H., Leung, T., & Wincenciak, J. (2019). Discrepancy Between First Impression And Social Description , And Its Effect On People ’ S Attitude. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(1), 11–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.712
- Wayne, A. J., & Youngs, P. (2007). Teacher Characteristics and Student Achievement Gains: A Review. Review of Educational Research, 73(1), 89–122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543073001089
- Wilian, S. (2006). Tingkat Tutur dalam Bahasa Sasak dan Bahasa Jawa. Wacana, 8(1), 32–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17510/wjhi.v8i1.245
- Zaka Al Farisi. (2015). Speech Act of Iltifat and Its Indonesian Translation Problems. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v4i2.685
- Zasko-Zielinska, M. (2014). Apologizing – How Genre Affects the Changes in the Speech Act. International Journal of Language and Literature, 2(3), 69–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15640/ijll.v2n3a5
References
Abuya, Eromosele John. (2012). A Pragma-stylistic Analysis of President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan Inaugural Speech. English Language Teaching 5(11):8-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v5n11p8
Afandi, Rifki. (2011). Integrasi Pendidikan Karakter dalam Pembelajaran IPS di Sekolah Dasar. Journal Pedagogia 1(1): 85-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21070/pedagogia.v1i1.32
Aisyah, A. R. (2014). Teaching and Learning At Personality Development Unit in the. International Journal of Education Research, 2(10), 203–214.
Alaba, A. D. S. (2015). Vision for Sustainable Development: Pragmatic Strategies of Media Political Competitive Encounter. International Journal of Language and Literature, 3(2), 134–143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15640/ijll.v3n2a14
Al-Shboul, Y., Maros, M., & Mohd Yasin, M. S. (2012). An intercultural study of refusal strategies in english between jordanian EFL and malay ESL postgraduate students. 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature, 18(3), 29–39.
Beaver, D. (2007). Semantics and Pragmatics — A New Journal ∗. Semantics & Pragmatics, 0, 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.0.1
Beden, S., & Zahid, I. (2017). Analisis Konteks Peristiwa Bahasa Melunas Rindu: Aplikasi Model Leech dan Grice. Akademika, 87(01), 13–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/akad-2017-8701-02
Blum-Kulka, S. (1987). Indirectness and politeness in requests: Same or different? Journal of Pragmatics, 11(2), 131–146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(87)90192-5
Brown, P. (2015). Politeness and Language. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition (Second Edi, Vol. 18). Elsevier. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.53072-4
Bushuyeva, L. A. (2019). Categorization of Acts Based on The Acts of The Category Mischievous Act. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(3), 150–154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7323
Chen, Y. (2017). Children’s early awareness of the effect of interpersonal status on politeness. Journal of Politeness Research, 13(1), 121–142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/pr-2014-0016
Chingcheng, S., Teyi, C., & Zhiwei, L. (2018). A Study on Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Mainland Chinese Students in Taiwan from the Perspective of Self-Identity. Humanities and Social Sciences, 6(1), 30–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20180601.15
Dalgleish, T., Williams, J. M. G. ., Golden, A.-M. J., Perkins, N., Barrett, L. F., Barnard, P. J., … Watkins, E. (2007). The Education of The National Character 0f Pancasila In Secondary School Based On Pesantren. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136(1), 23–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.136.1.23
Fazlurrahman, M. H. (2019). Policy Disharmony In Indonesia (Dialectics Of National Education Reform). Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(3), 331–337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7349
Ghufron, A., Budiningsih, A., & Hidayati. (2017). model pembelajaran yang relevan digunakan untuk penanaman nilai nilai budaya Yogyakarta adalah model pembelajaran non direktif versi Carl Rogers. Cakrawala Pendidikan: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 2, 309–319.
Hammani Babangida Fatima, Kamahi. (2017). An assessment model of Islamic religion education teacher personality competence. International Journal of Current Research, 9(12), 62108–62113.
Isdaryanti, B., Rachman, M., Sukestiyarno, Y. L., Florentinus, T. S., & Widodo, W. (2018). Teachers’ performance in science learning management integrated with character education. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v7i1.12887
Jingna, D. (2012). Application of Humanism Theory in the Teaching Approach. Higher Education of Social Science, 3(1), 32–36.
Kasiyan. (2012). Pendidikan kesenian dalam pembangunan karakter bangsa. Cakrawala Pendidikan: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, XXI(1), 33–35.
Kecskes, I. (2017). Context-dependency and impoliteness in intercultural communication. Journal of Politeness Research, 13(1), 7–31. https://doi.org/10.1515/pr-2015-0019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/pr-2015-0019
Kolb, Sharon M. (2012). Grounded Theory and the Constant Comparative Method: Valid Research Strategies for Educators. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS) 3 (1): 83-86.
Kumar, P. (2017). Morality and Life skills : The need and importance of life skills education. International Journal of Advanced Education and Research, 2(4), 144–148.
Lestari, P., & Prayitno, J. (2016). Strategi Dan Skala Kesantunan Tindak Direktif Mahasiswa Riau Di Lingkungan Masyarakat Berlatar Belakang Budaya Jawa. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora, 17, 135–148. Retrieved from DOI: https://doi.org/10.23917/humaniora.v17i2.2533
Lonyangapuo, K., & Ph, D. (2018). The Linguistic Factor and the Millennium Development Goals : A Lesson for Future Sustainable Development in Kenya. International Journal of Linguistics and Communication, 6(1), 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15640/ijlc.v6n1a1
Mahamat, N., Raynaud, M. S., Mandiang, Y., & Scanning, Q. (2017). Pragmatic Approach for Estimating Measurement Uncertanties or The Capability CSM1SNC2. International Journal of Current Research, 9(7), 54513–54519.
Mccoy, K. M., & Mathur, S. R. (2017). Differentiation in the Digital-Based Classroom : A Universal Design Approach for Inclusive Settings in Middle Schools. Journal of Education and Development, 1(1), 1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20849/jed.v1i1.219
Mujiyanto, Y. (2017). the Verbal Politeness of Interpersonal Utterances Resulted From Back-Translating Indonesian Texts Into English. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 6(2), 288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v6i2.4914
Mustadi, A., Suhardi, Susilaningrum, E. S., Ummah, R., Purwatiningtyas, M., & Wijayanti, P. E. (2017). Character-based reflective picture storybook: improfing student’s social self-concept in elementary school. Cakrawala Pendidikan: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, XXXVI(3), 369–381.
Najeeb, Z. M., Maros, M., & Nor, N. F. M. (2012). Politeness in e-mails of Arab students in Malaysia. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies.
Noor Choliq, Tukiran, S. R. (2012). Prioritas Penentuan Nilai Pendidikan Karakter. Cakrawala Pendidikan: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 7(1), 1–6.
Noor, K. U., & Prayitno, H. J. (2016). Pergeseran Kesantunan Positif Siswa Kelas IX MTsN 1 Surakarta Berlatar Belakang Budaya Jawa. Kajian Linguistik Dan Sastra, 1(1), 17–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23917/kls.v1i1.2474
Normand, M. P., & Kohn, C. S. (2011). Teach Your Children Well: a Review of Chance’S the Teacher’S Craft: the Ten Essential Skills of Effective Teaching. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 44(2), 417–420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2011.44-417
Novaryatiin, S., Priyanto, B., & Masduki, A. (2006). Pengembangan Kreativitas Keterampilan Proses Sains dalam Aspek Kehidupan Organisme pada Mata Pelajaran IPA SD. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 43(December), 51–73.
Prayitno, H. J., Ngalim, A., Rohmadi, M., & Riyanto, U. (2018). Strategies of Refusal Speech Act by Javanese Culture-based Students at Darul Ihsan Muhammadiyah Islamic Boarding School Sragen Indonesia. EduLearn Journal, 12(3), 520–528. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v12i3.9300
Prayitno, H. J., Ngalim, A., Sutopo, A., Rohmadi, M., & Yuniawan, T. (2018). Power, Orientation, and Strategy of Positive Politeness Used by Children at The Age of Elementary School with Javanese Cultural Background. Humanus: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Humaniora, 17(2), 164–173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24036/humanus.v17i2.101371
Rahim, N. A., Halim, H. A., Mamat, R., & Sujud, A. (2014). Discussion among Language Learners : Conflict in. Journal of Human Development and Communication, 3, 9–16.
Rashid, B. N. (2015). A Pragmatic Analysis of Commisives in Some Selected American Political Texts. International Journal of Current Research, 7(12), 23805–23814.
Reviews, S. S., & Nugroho, A. (2019). A Future Teacher Trend : A Sociological Study On Freedom. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(3), 306–314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7346
Reviews, S. S., Santoso, D., & Dahlan, U. A. (2019). Empan Papan ‘ Agree With The Setting And Speech Event ’ As Reflected In The Politeness Strategies. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(3), 195–199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7330
Saddhono, K., Wardani, N. E., & Ulya, C. (2015). Sociopragmatic Approach on Discourse Structure of Friday Prayer’S Sermon in Java and Madura Island. Journal of Language Literature, 6(1), 2078–2303. https://doi.org/10.7813/jll.2015/6-1/6
Safar, M. (2016). Directive Act in the Transaction Sale At Central Market of Watampone Tindak Tutur Direktif Dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Di Pasar Sentral Watampone. Humanus, XV(2), 167–176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24036/jh.v15i2.6623
Setiawan, B. (2015). Science Education Students in Integrated Science Course Through Simulation Method. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 4(1), 97–100.
Sharif, A. M., Azman, M. N. A., Balakrishnan, B., Yaacob, M. I. H., & Zain, H. H. M. (2018). The development and teachers’ perception on electromagnet teaching aid: Magnobolt. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia.
Suastra, I. W., Jatmiko, B., Ristiati, N. P., & Yasmini, L. P. B. (2017). Developing characters based on local wisdom of bali in teaching physics in senior high school. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v6i2.10681
Sudaryanto. 2017. Menguak Tiga Faset Kehidupan Bahasa. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University Press.
Sukarno, S. (2015). Politeness Strategies in Responding To Compliments in Javanese. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v4i2.686
Sukarno, S. (2018). Politeness Strategies, Linguistic Markers and Social Contexts in Delivering Requests in Javanese. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 7(3), 659–667. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v7i3.9816
Thamrin, M. (2010). Ekspresi Tindak Direktif dalam Interaksi Kelas Bengkel Jurusan teknik Mesin Politeknik Negeri Malang. LITERA, 9(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v9i1.1220
Tung, H., Leung, T., & Wincenciak, J. (2019). Discrepancy Between First Impression And Social Description , And Its Effect On People ’ S Attitude. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(1), 11–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.712
Wayne, A. J., & Youngs, P. (2007). Teacher Characteristics and Student Achievement Gains: A Review. Review of Educational Research, 73(1), 89–122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543073001089
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