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THE PREDICTORS OF SPORTS TOURISM INVOLVEMENT IN MALAYSIA: AN EXTREME SPORT OVERVIEW
Corresponding Author(s) : Arman Hj. Ahmad
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 2 (2019): March
Abstract
Purpose of Study: Malaysian tourism sector has widened its scope by venturing into extreme sports tourism. With this new development, tourism opportunities are created and boosting the Malaysian tourism industry growth. The study highlights the development of extreme sports destination that closely related to international and tourists’ involvement and preferences in Malaysia. The purpose of this paper is to determine the predictors of sports tourism involvement in Malaysia from the extreme sports perspective. Specifically, it is going to investigate the possible significant predictors that possibly influenced the international or local tourists’ preferences in choosing Malaysia as their preferred extreme sports tourism destination. This study is restricted to international or local tourists who participated or going to participate in extreme sports activities in Malaysia.
Methodology: This study proposes a theoretical framework that is developed based on the review of past researches and literatures. We identified five factors that possibly influenced international tourists or local tourists to choose Malaysia as their extreme sports tourism destination simultaneously involved in such activities. Those predictors are event popularity and entertainment, economics (costs and expenses), facilities and infrastructures, social, and environmental impact.
Results: The proposed hypotheses predicted a significant and positive relationship exists between event popularity and entertainment, economics (costs and expenses), facilities and infrastructures, social, and environmental impact towards the tourist involvement and sports tourism development in Malaysia. For the future research, we proposed to further conduct an empirical analysis to test these hypotheses.
Implications/Applications: This study could help tourism sectors to explore opportunities for development particularly in the extreme sports sectors in Malaysia. This study is also useful for researchers, students, tourism operators, tourism sectors, government and society because it could increase the involvement of international tourist or local into the extreme sports activities in Malaysia.
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- Bhuiyan, M.A.H., C. Siwar and S.M. Ismail, 2013. Tourism development in Malaysia from the perspective of development plans. Asian Social Science, 9(9): 11. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n9p11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n9p11
- Brymer, E., G. Downey and T. Gray, 2009. Extreme sports as a precursor to environmental sustainability. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 14(2-3): 193-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775080902965223 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14775080902965223
- Burgan, B. and T. Mules, 1992. Economic impact of sporting events. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(4): 700-710. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(92)90062-T DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(92)90062-T
- Chalip, L., B.C. Green and B. Hill, 2003. Effects of sport event media on destination image and intention to visit. Journal of Sport Management, 17(3): 214-234. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.17.3.214 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.17.3.214
- Delamere, T.A., 2001. Development of a scale to measure resident attitudes toward the social impacts of community festivals, Part II. Verification of the scale. Event management, 7(1): 25-38. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599501108751452 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/152599501108751452
- Fredline, L., L. Jago and M. Deery, 2003. The development of a generic scale to measure the social impacts of events. Event Management, 8(1): 23-37. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599503108751676 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/152599503108751676
- Habibi, F., 2017. The determinants of inbound tourism to Malaysia: A panel data analysis. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(9): 909-930. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1145630 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1145630
- Hamdan, N.S. and A. Yusof, 2014. An examination of sport tourists’ profiles and motives as for visiting Langkawi. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 19(19): 161-165.
- Havitz, M.E. and F. Dimanche, 1990. Propositions for testing the involvement construct in recreational and tourism contexts. Leisure Sciences, 12(2): 179-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409009513099 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409009513099
- Moktan, D., 2017. Attitudes and behaviors of tourists towards extreme sports in Nepal: a Case study: Paragliding-Pokhara.
- Nezakati, H., M.C. Chin and M. Akhoundi, 2013. Factors influencing people to travel abroad for sport tourism (Malaysia Evidence). Journal of Applied Sciences, 13(24): 5708-5715. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2013.5708.5715 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2013.5708.5715
- Nyikana, S., T.M. Tichaawa and K. Swart, 2014. Sport, tourism and mega-event impacts on host cities: A case study of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in Port Elizabeth. African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 20(21): 548-556.
- Pazil, N.H.A., 2018. Face, voice and intimacy in long-distance close friendships. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 8(11): 938-947. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1.2018.811.938.947 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1.2018.811.938.947
- Richards, G., 2013. Exploring the social impacts of events. UK: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203108123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203108123
- Romiti, A. and D. Sarti, 2016. Service quality experience and customers’ behavioural intentions in active sport tourism. Modern Economy, 7(12): 1361. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2016.712127 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2016.712127
- Saeed, N. and A.I. Kayani, 2018. Role of college principals in promoting quality of education in District Kotli AJ&K. Asian Journal of Contemporary Education, 2(2): 149-158. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.137.2018.22.149.158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.137.2018.22.149.158
- Sandy, W., 2018. Factors influencing Indonesian students satisfaction during their studies in China. Asian Journal of Contemporary Education, 2(2): 136-148. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.137.2018.22.136.148 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.137.2018.22.136.148
- Tichaawa, T.M., 2017. Business tourism in Africa: The case of Cameroon. Tourism Review International, 21(2): 181-192. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427217X14939227920829 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/154427217X14939227920829
- Zhang, W.B., 2018. Endogenous economic growth with education subsidies. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences, 2(1): 10-16. https://doi.org/10.20448/2001.21.10.16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20448/2001.21.10.16
References
Bhuiyan, M.A.H., C. Siwar and S.M. Ismail, 2013. Tourism development in Malaysia from the perspective of development plans. Asian Social Science, 9(9): 11. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n9p11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n9p11
Brymer, E., G. Downey and T. Gray, 2009. Extreme sports as a precursor to environmental sustainability. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 14(2-3): 193-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775080902965223 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14775080902965223
Burgan, B. and T. Mules, 1992. Economic impact of sporting events. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(4): 700-710. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(92)90062-T DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(92)90062-T
Chalip, L., B.C. Green and B. Hill, 2003. Effects of sport event media on destination image and intention to visit. Journal of Sport Management, 17(3): 214-234. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.17.3.214 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.17.3.214
Delamere, T.A., 2001. Development of a scale to measure resident attitudes toward the social impacts of community festivals, Part II. Verification of the scale. Event management, 7(1): 25-38. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599501108751452 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/152599501108751452
Fredline, L., L. Jago and M. Deery, 2003. The development of a generic scale to measure the social impacts of events. Event Management, 8(1): 23-37. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599503108751676 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/152599503108751676
Habibi, F., 2017. The determinants of inbound tourism to Malaysia: A panel data analysis. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(9): 909-930. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1145630 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1145630
Hamdan, N.S. and A. Yusof, 2014. An examination of sport tourists’ profiles and motives as for visiting Langkawi. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 19(19): 161-165.
Havitz, M.E. and F. Dimanche, 1990. Propositions for testing the involvement construct in recreational and tourism contexts. Leisure Sciences, 12(2): 179-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409009513099 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409009513099
Moktan, D., 2017. Attitudes and behaviors of tourists towards extreme sports in Nepal: a Case study: Paragliding-Pokhara.
Nezakati, H., M.C. Chin and M. Akhoundi, 2013. Factors influencing people to travel abroad for sport tourism (Malaysia Evidence). Journal of Applied Sciences, 13(24): 5708-5715. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2013.5708.5715 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2013.5708.5715
Nyikana, S., T.M. Tichaawa and K. Swart, 2014. Sport, tourism and mega-event impacts on host cities: A case study of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in Port Elizabeth. African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 20(21): 548-556.
Pazil, N.H.A., 2018. Face, voice and intimacy in long-distance close friendships. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 8(11): 938-947. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1.2018.811.938.947 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1.2018.811.938.947
Richards, G., 2013. Exploring the social impacts of events. UK: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203108123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203108123
Romiti, A. and D. Sarti, 2016. Service quality experience and customers’ behavioural intentions in active sport tourism. Modern Economy, 7(12): 1361. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2016.712127 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2016.712127
Saeed, N. and A.I. Kayani, 2018. Role of college principals in promoting quality of education in District Kotli AJ&K. Asian Journal of Contemporary Education, 2(2): 149-158. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.137.2018.22.149.158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.137.2018.22.149.158
Sandy, W., 2018. Factors influencing Indonesian students satisfaction during their studies in China. Asian Journal of Contemporary Education, 2(2): 136-148. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.137.2018.22.136.148 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.137.2018.22.136.148
Tichaawa, T.M., 2017. Business tourism in Africa: The case of Cameroon. Tourism Review International, 21(2): 181-192. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427217X14939227920829 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/154427217X14939227920829
Zhang, W.B., 2018. Endogenous economic growth with education subsidies. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences, 2(1): 10-16. https://doi.org/10.20448/2001.21.10.16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20448/2001.21.10.16