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DETERMINANTS OF PARENTAL CHILD’S SCHOOL PREFERENCES IN QATAR
Corresponding Author(s) : Rima Charbaji El-Kassem
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 6 (2019): November
Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of “Quality Educationâ€, “Developing Better Social Skillsâ€, “Homework Assignmentâ€, “Using Private Tutorsâ€, “Charging School Fees†and “Nationality†on “Parental School Preference†using primary data collected from preparatory and secondary school teachers in Qatar.
Methodology: The population for this study consists of all parents in Qatar. The current study used a very large stratified sample size n = 1462 that was determined by the Social and Economic Survey Research Institute (SESRI) using a 95% confidence interval estimate. The nine items used in this study are part of a huge questionnaire measuring attitude and parental child’s school preferences. Kaisers-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and the Bartless test of sphericity were used to determine the appropriateness of using factor analysis. What are more; principal axis factoring and oblique rotation extracted three factors?
Main findings: The representative sample Factor analysis extracted three dimensions (quality education, developing better social skills, homework assignment). The dependent variable (parental school choice) was regressed on the factor scores of these three extracted dimensions in addition to four independent variables (school fees, nationality, repeating a school grade, and parents’ disappointment if their child doesn’t go far in school). The results revealed that parental school choice is significantly determined by three explanatory variables: the quality of education, school fees, and nationality.
Implications: Raising standards for teachers should be a key element in educational quality. What’s more, in the spirit of findings the policymakers in Qatar should make funding part of school fees for expatriates a priority.
Novelty: This article empirically correlates two main fields of educational research: Parental School Choice is given Quality of Education, Charging School Fees, and Nationality.
Keywords
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- Alfadala, A. (2015). K-12 Reform in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: Challenges and policy recommendations. Doha, Qatar: World Innovation Summit for Education (WISE). Retrieved from http://www.wise-qatar.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/wise-research-3-wise-11_17.pdf
- Al-Meraikhi, B. (February 19, 2018), “School Fees: Qatar Tries to Limit Private Tuition Hikesâ€. Northwestern University. Retrieved from https://sites.northwestern.edu/qtaaleam/school-fees-qatar-tries-to-limit-private-tuition-hikes/#.W1a4BtIzaUk
- Altenhofen, S., Berends, M., & White, T. G. (2016). School choice decision making among suburban, high-income parents. AERA Open, 2(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858415624098 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858415624098
- Bagley, C., Glatter, R., & Woods, P. (Eds.), (2005). Choice and diversity in schooling: Perspectives and prospects. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203985618 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203985618
- Beaugrand, C. (2006). Nationality and migrations control in the Gulf countries. INAMO, 47, 10-14. Retrieved from https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00511953/
- Betts, J. R. (2005). The economic theory of school choice. In J. R., Betts & T. Loveless (Eds.), Getting choice right (pp. 14–39). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
- Bernheimer, L. Gallimore, R. and Weisner, T. (1990), “Ecocultural Theory as a Context for the Individual Family Service Planâ€, Journal of Early Intervention. Volume: 14 issue: 3, pp): 219-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/105381519001400304 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/105381519001400304
- Bosetti, L. (2004). Determinants of school choice: Understanding how parents choose elementary schools in Alberta. Journal of Education Policy, 19(4), 387-405. https://doi.org/10.1080/0268093042000227465 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0268093042000227465
- Brewer, D. J., Augustine, C. H., Zellman, G. L., Ryan, G. W., Goldman, C. A., Stasz, C., & Constant, L. (2007). Education for a new era: Design and implementation of K–12 education reform in Qatar. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation. Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2007/RAND_MG548.pdf. https://doi.org/10.7249/MG548 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7249/MG548
- Brewer, D. J., Goldman, C., Augustine, C., Zellman, G., Ryan, G., Stasz, C., & Louay Constant. (2011). “An introduction to Qatar's primary and secondary education reformâ€. QNRS Repository, Volume (1), Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/working_papers/2006/RAND_WR399.pdf
- Buddin, R. J., Cordes, J. J., & Kirby, S. N. (1998). School choice in California: Who chooses private schools? Journal of Urban Economics, 44(1), 110-134. https://doi.org/10.1006/juec.1997.2063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/juec.1997.2063
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- Campbell, C., Proctor, H., & Sherington, G. (2009). School choice: How parents negotiate the new school market in Australia. Allen & Unwin.
- Comrey, A. & Lee, H. B. 1992. A First course in factor analysis (2nd edition). Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Charise, A. (2007). More English, less Islam? An overview of English language functions in the Arabian/Persian Gulf. University of Toronto Website, Retrieved from http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cpercy/courses/eng6365-charise.htm
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- Friedman, B. A., Bobrowski, P. E., & Markow, D. (2007). Predictors of parents' satisfaction with their children's school. Journal of Educational Administration, 45(3), 278-288. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230710747811 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230710747811
- Gibbons, S., & Silva, O. (2011). School quality, child wellbeing and parents’ satisfaction. Economics of Education Review, 30(2), 312-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.11.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.11.001
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- Goldring, E. B., & Phillips, K. J. (2008). Parent preferences and parent choices: The public–private decision about school choice. Journal of Education Policy, 23(3), 209-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930801987844 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930801987844
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- Hastings, J. S., Kane, T. J., & Staiger, D. O. (2005). Parental preferences and school competition: Evidence from a public school choice program (No. w11805). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w11805 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w11805
- Holme, J. J. (2002). Buying homes, buying schools: School choice and the social construction of school quality. Harvard Educational Review, 72(2), 177-206. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.72 .2.u6272x676823788r DOI: https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.72.2.u6272x676823788r
- Hoxby, C. M. (2003). School choice and school productivity. Could school choice be a tide that lifts all boats? In C. M. Hoxby (Ed.), The economics of school choice (pp. 287-342). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226355344.003.0009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226355344.003.0009
- Hudson, P. (2013). Tiptoeing through the minefield: Teaching English in higher educational institutes in the United Arab Emirates (Doctoral dissertation, Canterbury Christ Church University).
- Jakobsen, M. (2010). Social effects of the educational revolution in Qatar: a gender perspective (Master's thesis, The University of Bergen). Retrieved from http://bora.uib.no/bitstream/handle/1956/7299/69631686.pdf;sequence=1
- Karjaluoto, H. 2007. SPSS - opas markkinatutkijoille. Working paper n:o 344/2007. University of Jyväskylä, School of Business and Economics.
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- Karmani, S. (2011). On perceptions of the socialising effect of English medium education on students at a Gulf Arab university with particular reference to the United Arab Emirates (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Exeter, U.K.
- Kleitz, B., Weiher, G. R., Tedin, K., & Matland, R. (2000). Choice, charter schools, and household preferences. Social Science Quarterly, 81(3), 846-855.
- Lacireno-Paquet, N., & Brantley, C. (2012). Who chooses schools, and why? The characteristics and motivations of families who actively choose schools. In G. Miron, K. G. Welner, P. H. Hinchey, & W. J. Mathis (Eds.), Exploring the school choice universe: Evidence and recommendations (pp. 65-88). North Carolina: Information Age Publishing (IAP).
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References
Alfadala, A. (2015). K-12 Reform in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: Challenges and policy recommendations. Doha, Qatar: World Innovation Summit for Education (WISE). Retrieved from http://www.wise-qatar.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/wise-research-3-wise-11_17.pdf
Al-Meraikhi, B. (February 19, 2018), “School Fees: Qatar Tries to Limit Private Tuition Hikesâ€. Northwestern University. Retrieved from https://sites.northwestern.edu/qtaaleam/school-fees-qatar-tries-to-limit-private-tuition-hikes/#.W1a4BtIzaUk
Altenhofen, S., Berends, M., & White, T. G. (2016). School choice decision making among suburban, high-income parents. AERA Open, 2(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858415624098 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858415624098
Bagley, C., Glatter, R., & Woods, P. (Eds.), (2005). Choice and diversity in schooling: Perspectives and prospects. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203985618 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203985618
Beaugrand, C. (2006). Nationality and migrations control in the Gulf countries. INAMO, 47, 10-14. Retrieved from https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00511953/
Betts, J. R. (2005). The economic theory of school choice. In J. R., Betts & T. Loveless (Eds.), Getting choice right (pp. 14–39). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Bernheimer, L. Gallimore, R. and Weisner, T. (1990), “Ecocultural Theory as a Context for the Individual Family Service Planâ€, Journal of Early Intervention. Volume: 14 issue: 3, pp): 219-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/105381519001400304 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/105381519001400304
Bosetti, L. (2004). Determinants of school choice: Understanding how parents choose elementary schools in Alberta. Journal of Education Policy, 19(4), 387-405. https://doi.org/10.1080/0268093042000227465 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0268093042000227465
Brewer, D. J., Augustine, C. H., Zellman, G. L., Ryan, G. W., Goldman, C. A., Stasz, C., & Constant, L. (2007). Education for a new era: Design and implementation of K–12 education reform in Qatar. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation. Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2007/RAND_MG548.pdf. https://doi.org/10.7249/MG548 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7249/MG548
Brewer, D. J., Goldman, C., Augustine, C., Zellman, G., Ryan, G., Stasz, C., & Louay Constant. (2011). “An introduction to Qatar's primary and secondary education reformâ€. QNRS Repository, Volume (1), Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/working_papers/2006/RAND_WR399.pdf
Buddin, R. J., Cordes, J. J., & Kirby, S. N. (1998). School choice in California: Who chooses private schools? Journal of Urban Economics, 44(1), 110-134. https://doi.org/10.1006/juec.1997.2063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/juec.1997.2063
Burgess, S., Greaves, E., Vignoles, A., & Wilson, D. (2015). What parents want: School preferences and school choice. The Economic Journal, 125(587), 1262-1289. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12153
Campbell, C., Proctor, H., & Sherington, G. (2009). School choice: How parents negotiate the new school market in Australia. Allen & Unwin.
Comrey, A. & Lee, H. B. 1992. A First course in factor analysis (2nd edition). Lawrence Erlbaum.
Charise, A. (2007). More English, less Islam? An overview of English language functions in the Arabian/Persian Gulf. University of Toronto Website, Retrieved from http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cpercy/courses/eng6365-charise.htm
Davies, S., & Aurini, J. (2011). Exploring school choice in Canada: Who chooses what and why? Canadian Public Policy, 37(4), 459-477. https://doi.org/10.1353/cpp.2011.0047 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/cpp.2011.0047
Friedman, B. A., Bobrowski, P. E., & Markow, D. (2007). Predictors of parents' satisfaction with their children's school. Journal of Educational Administration, 45(3), 278-288. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230710747811 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230710747811
Gibbons, S., & Silva, O. (2011). School quality, child wellbeing and parents’ satisfaction. Economics of Education Review, 30(2), 312-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.11.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.11.001
Goldhaber, D. (2000). School choice: Do we know enough? Educational Researcher, 29(8), 21–22. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X029008021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X029008021
Goldring, E. B., & Phillips, K. J. (2008). Parent preferences and parent choices: The public–private decision about school choice. Journal of Education Policy, 23(3), 209-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930801987844 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930801987844
Golkowska , K.(2017), “Qatari Women Navigating Gendered Spaceâ€, Social Sciences (ISSN 2076-0760). Volume. 6, 123.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11436370_On_the_Practice_of_Dichotomizing_Quantitative_ Variables. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci6040123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci6040123
Goyette, K. A. (2008). Race, social background, and school choice options. Equity & Excellence in Education, 41(1), 114-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/10665680701774428 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10665680701774428
Gulf News & Qatar (July 24, 2018), “ Parents struggle to meet rising education costs in Qatarâ€. Retrieved from https://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/qatar/parents-struggle-to-meet-rising-education-costs-in-qatar-1.1908874
Hastings, J. S., Kane, T. J., & Staiger, D. O. (2005). Parental preferences and school competition: Evidence from a public school choice program (No. w11805). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w11805 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w11805
Holme, J. J. (2002). Buying homes, buying schools: School choice and the social construction of school quality. Harvard Educational Review, 72(2), 177-206. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.72 .2.u6272x676823788r DOI: https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.72.2.u6272x676823788r
Hoxby, C. M. (2003). School choice and school productivity. Could school choice be a tide that lifts all boats? In C. M. Hoxby (Ed.), The economics of school choice (pp. 287-342). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226355344.003.0009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226355344.003.0009
Hudson, P. (2013). Tiptoeing through the minefield: Teaching English in higher educational institutes in the United Arab Emirates (Doctoral dissertation, Canterbury Christ Church University).
Jakobsen, M. (2010). Social effects of the educational revolution in Qatar: a gender perspective (Master's thesis, The University of Bergen). Retrieved from http://bora.uib.no/bitstream/handle/1956/7299/69631686.pdf;sequence=1
Karjaluoto, H. 2007. SPSS - opas markkinatutkijoille. Working paper n:o 344/2007. University of Jyväskylä, School of Business and Economics.
Karkouti , I. M. (2016), “Qatar’s Educational System in the Technology-Driven Era: Long Story Short “,International Journal of Higher Education Vol. 5, No. 3; pp:182-189.Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1111 006.pdf. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v5n3p182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v5n3p182
Karmani, S. (2011). On perceptions of the socialising effect of English medium education on students at a Gulf Arab university with particular reference to the United Arab Emirates (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Exeter, U.K.
Kleitz, B., Weiher, G. R., Tedin, K., & Matland, R. (2000). Choice, charter schools, and household preferences. Social Science Quarterly, 81(3), 846-855.
Lacireno-Paquet, N., & Brantley, C. (2012). Who chooses schools, and why? The characteristics and motivations of families who actively choose schools. In G. Miron, K. G. Welner, P. H. Hinchey, & W. J. Mathis (Eds.), Exploring the school choice universe: Evidence and recommendations (pp. 65-88). North Carolina: Information Age Publishing (IAP).
Lankford, R. H., Lee, E. S., & Wyckoff, J. H. (1995). An analysis of elementary and secondary school choice. Journal of Urban Economics, 38(2), 236-251. https://doi.org/10.1006/juec.1995.1031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/juec.1995.1031
Losike-Sedimo, N. C. (2011). Factors influencing parents’ choice of school for their children in Botswana: marketing strategy for customer loyalty. Far east journal of psychology and business, 3(4), 32-40.
Lucey, H. & Reay, D. (2002) Carrying the beacon of excellence: Social class differentiation and anxiety at a time of transition. Journal of Education Policy, 17(3), 321-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930210127586 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930210127586
MacCallum, R. C., Zhang, S., Preacher, K. J., & Rucker, D. D. (2002),â€On the Practice of Dichotomization of Quantitative Variablesâ€, Psychological Methods, Volume 7, pp:19-40. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.19
Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics (2017), Education in Qatar: Statistical profile 2016. Doha, Qatar. Retrieved from https://www.mdps.gov.qa/en/statistics/Statistical%20Releases/Social/Education/2016/Education_S tatistical_Pro%EF%AC%81le_2016_En.pdf
Ministry of Education and Higher Education Qatar (2018), The Annual Report on Education in Qatar Schools, (2018), “The Evaluation Institute Issues the Annual Report on Education in Qatar Schools 01 April 2014â€. Retrieved from http://www.sec.gov.qa/En/Media/News/Pages/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=3462
Mousumi, M. A., & Kusakabe, T. (2017). The dilemmas of school choice: Do parents really ‘choose’ low-fee private schools in Delhi, India? Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2017.1401451 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2017.1401451
Nasser, R. (2017). Qatar’s educational reform past and future: Challenges in teacher development. Open Review of Educational Research, 4(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/23265507.2016.1266693 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23265507.2016.1266693
NEWSWEEK (2018), “NEWSWEEK EDUCATIONAL INSIGHTâ€. Retrieved from: http://www.newsweek.com/i nsights/leading-international-schools-2018
O’Mahony, P. (2008). Factors determining school choice. Report on a survey of the ‘Attitudes of parents of children attending Catholic primary schools in Ireland’. Council for Research and Development, Irish Catholic Bishops’ Conference. Retrieved from http://www.catholicbishops.ie/wp-content/uploads/images/stories/cco_pub lications/res earchanddevelopment/v5%20that%20went%20to%20digital%20printing.pdf
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