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DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY AMONG IN-SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS WITH IMPAIRED HEARING
Corresponding Author(s) : Olufemi Timothy Adigun
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020): March
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This study determined incidences of depressive symptoms and associated causative contextual factors among in-school adolescents with impaired hearing in South West, Nigeria. The study determined symptoms of depression exhibited by in-school adolescents with impaired hearing vis-Ã -vis some associated intrapersonal causative (age, religion, gender, the onset of hearing loss, satisfaction with the home environment, and family type) variables.
Methodology: Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Data were collected from 236 adolescents who are either prelingually (39.1%) and postlingually (60.9%) hearing impaired with the Depressive Symptomatology Questionnaire (α = .89). Data collected over a period of 10 weeks were analysed with both descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS version 23.
Main Findings: 58.8% of the participants scored higher on the depression scale, which is mostly characterized by loss of appetite and fearfulness. There is a significant difference (F = 7.61; p < 0.05) in the expression of depressive symptoms between gender and across variants in the onset of deafness (F = 3.59; p < 0.05) and family type (F = 23.14; p < 0.05). Academic stressor and lack of access to information were found to be the major source of their depression.
Applications of this study: This study is of importance to counselling psychologist and mental health practitioners for the development of strategic therapeutic approach geared towards positive psychosocial development of individuals with impaired hearing
Novelty/Originality of this study: The study confirms the manifestation of moderate to a high level of depressive symptoms among those in-school adolescents with impaired hearing. Academic anxiety/low grade, communication difficulties, and negative societal attitude were the major source of depression for adolescents with impaired hearing in high schools.
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- Adebisi, R.O., Jerry, J. E., Rasaki, S.A. & Igwe, E. N. (2014). Barriers to special needs education in Nigeria, International Journal of Education and Research, 2(11); 451-462.
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- Brewster, K. K., Ciarleglio, A., Brown, P. J., Chen, C., Kim, H. O., Roose, S.P. & Rutherford, B. R. (2018). Age-related hearing loss and its association with depression in later life. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(7), 788-796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2018.04.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2018.04.003
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References
Adebisi, R.O., Jerry, J. E., Rasaki, S.A. & Igwe, E. N. (2014). Barriers to special needs education in Nigeria, International Journal of Education and Research, 2(11); 451-462.
Adigun, O. T. (2017). Depression and individuals with hearing loss: A systematic review. Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy, 7(5):323. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0487.1000323 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0487.1000323
Adigun, O. T. (2020). Self-esteem, self-efficacy, self-concept and intimate image diffusion among Deaf adolescents: A structural equation model analysis. Heliyon, 6, e04742; 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04742 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04742
Andrews, G., Hall, W., Teeson, M., & Henderson, S. (1999). The mental health of Australians. Canberra, Australia: Mental Health Branch, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care. https://doi.org/10.1037/e676572010-001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/e676572010-001
Antaramian, S. P., Huebner, E. S. & Valois, R.F. (2008). Adolescent life satisfaction. Applied Psychology, 57, 112-126. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00357.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00357.x
Avison, W. R. (2002). Family structure and mental health. London, Ontario, Canada: The University of Western Ontario.
Beck, A. & Brad, A. (2009). Depression: Causes and treatment. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Behere, A.P., Basnet, P. & Campbell, P. (2017). Effects of family structure on the mental health of children: A preliminary study. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 39(4), 457. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.211767 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.211767
Brewster, K. K., Ciarleglio, A., Brown, P. J., Chen, C., Kim, H. O., Roose, S.P. & Rutherford, B. R. (2018). Age-related hearing loss and its association with depression in later life. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(7), 788-796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2018.04.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2018.04.003
Brown, S.L. (2004). Family structure and child wellbeing: The significance of parental cohabitation. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(2), 351-367. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2004.00025.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2004.00025.x
Chau, K., Kabuth, B. & Chau, N. (2014). Gender and family disparities in suicide attempt and role of socioeconomic, school, and health-related difficulties in early adolescence. BioMed Research International, p. 314521. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/314521 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/314521
de Graaf, R. & Bijl, R.V. (2002). Determinants of mental stress in adults with a severe auditory impairment: Differences between prelingual and postlingual deafness Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200201000-00009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200201000-00009
Ejikeme, G. G. & Ejikeme, T. U. (2013). Counseling challenges arising from enlisting parental involvement in childhood education and implementing inclusive education. National Journal of Inclusive Education, 1(1), 13 – 23.
Gore, S., Aseltine Jr., R.H., & Colten, M. E. (1992). Social structure, life stress, and depressive symptoms in a high school-age population. Journal of health and social behaviour, 33(2), 97-113. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137249 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2137249
Grossman, M., & Rowat, K. M. (1995). Parental relationships, coping strategies, received support, and wellbeing in adolescents of separated or divorced and married parents. Research in Nursing & Health, 18(3), 249-261. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770180308 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770180308
Harada, S., Nishiwaki, Y. & Michikawa, T. (2008). Gender difference in the relationships between vision and hearing impairments and negative wellbeing. Preventive Medicine, 47(4):433–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.06.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.06.011
Hernandez, E.G., Loza, R., Vargas, H., & Jara, M. F. (2011). Depressive symptomatology in children and adolescents with chronic renal insufficiency undergoing chronic dialysis. International Journal of Nephrology, Article ID 798692. https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/798692 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/798692
Hoare, E., Milton, K., Foster, C. & Allender, S. (2016). The associations between sedentary behaviour and mental health among adolescents: a systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 13(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-016-0432-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-016-0432-4
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Kamil, R. J., Betz, J. & Powers, B. B. (2016). Association of hearing impairment with incident frailty and falls in older adults. Journal of Aging Health, 28:644–660. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264315608730 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264315608730
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Lerman, S., Jung, M., Arredondo, E.M., Barnhart, J. M., Cai, J., Castañeda, S. F., Perreira, K. (2018). Religiosity prevalence and its association with depression and anxiety symptoms among Hispanic/Latino adults. PloS one, 13(2), e0185661. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185661 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185661
Leurent, B., Nazareth, I., Bellón-Saameño, J., Geerlings, M. I., Maaroos, H., Saldivia, S., King, M. (2013). Spiritual and religious beliefs as risk factors for the onset of major depression: an international cohort study. Psychological Medicine, 43(10), 2109-2120. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291712003066 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291712003066
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Park, N. & Huebner, E.S. (2005). A cross-cultural study of the levels and correlates of life satisfaction among adolescents. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(4), 444-456. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022105275961 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022105275961
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Shek, D. T. (2007). Intact and non-intact families in Hong Kong: differences in perceived parental control processes, parent-child relational qualities, and adolescent psychological wellbeing. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 47(1-2), 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v47n01_09 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v47n01_09
Singh, R., Pant, K. & Valentina, L. (2013). Gender on social and m=emotional maturity of senior school adolescents: A case study of Pantnagar. Studies on Home and Community Science, 7(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/09737189.2013.11885385 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09737189.2013.11885385
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Stroppa, A., Colugnati, F. A., Koenig, H. G. & Moreira-Almeida, A. (2018). Religiosity, depression, and quality of life in bipolar disorder: A two-year prospective study. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 40(3), 238-243. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2365 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2365
Tambs, K. (2004). Moderate effects of hearing loss on mental health and subjective wellbeing: Results from the Nord-Trøndelag Hearing Loss Study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66,776-782. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000133328.03596.fb DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000133328.03596.fb
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