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PROSPECT AND CHALLENGES OF USING ONLINE MEDIATION IN RESOLVING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN MUSLIM FAMILY DISPUTES IN MALAYSIA
Corresponding Author(s) : Nur Farahiyah Mohd Nasir
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 1 (2020): January
Abstract
Purpose of study: This article aims to review the challenges of Muslim family disputes in Malaysia resolving the disputes with the history of violence and analyse what online mediation may offer to overcome the said problem.
Methodology: The methodology used in this article is qualitative research. The data had been collected by reviewing relevant mechanisms of resolving Muslim family disputes in Malaysia through the relevant books, articles, proceedings and relevant Acts existed in Malaysia.
Result: The finding of this research is mediation is not an appropriate mechanism to resolve Muslim family disputes with the history of violence because it will cause more injustice to the victim. Thus, this paper concludes by suggesting online mediation as another alternative to resolve family disputes.
Applications of this study: The study can be useful to enrich the current literature of resolving Muslim family disputes in Malaysia.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The originality of this research is introducing a new mechanism to resolve Muslim family disputes which the current mechanism could not offer.
Keywords
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- Amirthalingam, K. (2003). A Feminist Critique of Domestic Violence Laws in Singapore and Malaysia. Asia Research Institute Working Paper Series, (6).
- Arsdale, S. Van. (2015). User Protections in Online Dispute Resolution. Harvard Negotiation Law Review, 21(107), 107–142.
- Azahar, J. (2015). Court reform programmes : the Malaysian experience, (102), 15–24.
- Bagshaw, D. (1995). Mediating family disputes in statutory settings. Australian Social Work, 48(4), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/03124079508412495 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03124079508412495
- Bagshaw, D. (2008). Family violence and mediation. Does culture make a difference ? 1–14.
- Bagshaw, D.& Porter, E. (2009). Mediation in the Asia-Pacific Region: Transforming Conflicts and Buiding Peace. (D. Bagshaw & E. Porter, Eds.). Routledge Curzon. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203876695 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203876695
- Bahare Fallahi, Shahnaz Rahpaymaelizehee, R. J. K. (2015). The National Policy of Malaysia toward Violence against Women. Public Policy and Administration Research, 5(3).
- Bains, G., & Andrade, K. (2018). The Potential for Mediating Disputes Online. Retrieved from http://www.cfcj-fcjc.org/sites/default/files/docs/hosted/17436-mediating_disputes_online.pdf
- Baylis, C., & Carroll, R. (2005). Power issues in mediation. ADR Bulletin, 7(8), 1–6.
- Betancourt, J., & Zlatanska, E. (2013). Online Dispute Resolution (ODR): What is it, and is it the Way Forward? … of Arbitration, Mediation and Dispute …, 256(3), 256–264. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2325422
- Braeutigam, A. M. (2006). Fusses That Fit Online: Online Mediation in Non-Commercial Contexts. Appalachian Journal of Law, 5(275), 275–301.
- Chandra, G. R., & Carter, J. (2016). Cyber Space for Universal Peace : The Contribution of Online Dispute Resolution. The IUP Law Review, VI(No. 4).
- Dahalan, H. M. (2014). Pengurusan Sulh: Peranan, Pelaksanaan dan Keberkesanannya oleh Pegawai Sulh. International Research Management and Innovation Conference 2014.
- Ebner, N., & Getz, C. (2012). ODR: The Next Green Giant. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 29(3), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.21039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.21039
- Eekelaar, J. M., & Katz, S. N. (1984). Towards a Functional Analysis of Family Process. The Resolution of Family Conflict: Comparative Legal Perspectives (4th ed.). Toronto ; London ; Sydney : Butterworths, International Society on Family Law. World Conference at Harvard University.
- Gramatikov, M., & Klaming, L. (2011). Getting Divorced Online: Procedural and Outcome Justice in Online Divorce Mediation. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1752903 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1752903
- H., S. K. B. (2016). Communication in the Process of ODR : Advantages and Challenges 4. Challenges for Effective. International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences, 1(3), 39–42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijics.20160103.11
- Hak, N. A., & Oseni, U. A. (2011). Syariah Court-Annexed Mediation in Malaysia: Some Problems and Prospects. Asian Journal of Mediation, 2011(June 2011), 1–10. Retrieved from http://files/478/ShariahCourt-annexedmediationinMalaysia.pdf
- Hanis, W. (2015). SULH: Its Application in Malaysia. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science Ver. II, 20(6), 71–79.
- Jen-T’Chiang, N. Z. C. (2010). Court-annexed Mediation in Resolving Disputes Relating to Family in Malaysia : What We Need To Know Before We Go Forward? Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 2.
- Kamaruddin, N. (2016). Konsep Sulh Menurut Perspectif Islam dan Aplikasinya dalam Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia. International Conference on Aqidah, Dakwah and Syariah 2016, 2016(Irsyad), 25–44.
- Lavi, D. (2015a). E-Mediation in Divorce Disputes — The Reality and The Desirable. Cordozo Journal of Conflict Resolution, 16, 479–542.
- Lavi, D. (2015b). Til Death Do Us Part : Online Mediation as an Answer to Divorce Cases Involving Violence. North Carolina of Law & Technology, 16(2).
- Mahdzir, N., Rahman, A. A., Rahim, A. A., & Ismail, C. T. (2016). Domestic violence court : a new model to combat domestic violence against women in malaysia. UUM Journal of Legal Studies, 7, 92–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32890/uumjls.7.2016.4637
- Marian, R. (2014). Mediation in Family Disputes Principles of Practice (Fourth Edi). London, United Kingdom: Ashgate.
- Masson, J. M., Judith M. ., Bailey-Harris, R. J., Probert, R., & Cretney, S. M. (2008). Principles of family law. Sweet & Maxwell.
- Mayers, B. (2000). The Dynamics of Conflict Resolution: A Practitioner’s Guide. San Fransisco: Jossey-Basse. Retrieved from http://www.beyondintractability.org/bksum/mayer-dynamics
- Mimi Kamariah, M. (1999). Family Law in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Malayan Law Journal Sdn. Bhd.
- Mohamed Ishak, A. H., & Nik Azahani, N. M. (2016). Cross-Culture Jurisprudential Influence on Mediation in Malaysia. Malayan Law Journal Articles, 4(xli).
- Nor Fadzlina, N. (2011a). Family Mediation in Malaysian Muslim Society : Some Lessons for the Civil Family Law in Malaysia.
- Nor Fadzlina, N. (2011b). Mandating Mediation in Family Law Conflict in Malaysia : Exploring Judges and Lawyers â€TM Perspectives. In 24th Annual International of Conflict Management Conference. Istanbul, Turkey: ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1872860 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1872860
- Poblet, M., Casanovas, P., & López-cobo, J. M. (2010). Mediation, ODR, and Web 2. 0 : A Case for Relational Justice 1 Introduction : Relational Justice and ODR. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16524-5_13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16524-5_13
- Raihanah, A. (2009). Penangguhan kes di mahkamah syariah: cabaran dan penyelesaian. Shariah Journal, 17(1), 1–30.
- Roslina Che Soh. (2010)(n.d.). The Cultural and Legal Perspectives on Wife Battering in Malaysia. The Law Review 2010, 613–622.
- Ross, G. (2018). Building Trust Online How to Adapt Mediation and Negotiation Techniques to the Virtual Environment.
- Rossi, F. S., Holtzworth-Munroe, A., Applegate, A. G., Beck, C. J., Adams, J. M., & Hale, D. F. (2017). Shuttle and Online Mediation: A Review of Available Research and Implications for Separating Couples Reporting Intimate Partner Violence or Abuse. Family Court Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcre.12293 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/fcre.12293
- Sa’odah, A. (2010). Sulh(Mediation) in the state of Selangor: An Analysis of Legal Provisions and Application. IIUM Law Journal, (January 2010).
- Safei, S. (2009). Majlis Sulh(Islamic Mediation) in the Selangor Syariah Court and Malaysia Mediation Centre of the Bar Council: A Comparative Study. Malayan Law Journal Articles, 5(83), 1–13.
- Smith, R. (2017). Online Dispute Resolution: Ten Lessons on Access to Justice. Legal Network Series, A(90), 1–4.
- Sander, F. (1983). Family Mediation: Problems and Prospects. Mediation Quarterly, 1983(2), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.39019830203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.39019830203
- UK, C. J. C. of the. (2015). Online Dispute Resolution for Low-Value Civil Claims. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119990413.ch1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119990413.ch1
- Vestal, A. (2007). Domestic violence and mediation: Concerns and Recommendations. Mediate.com.
References
Amirthalingam, K. (2003). A Feminist Critique of Domestic Violence Laws in Singapore and Malaysia. Asia Research Institute Working Paper Series, (6).
Arsdale, S. Van. (2015). User Protections in Online Dispute Resolution. Harvard Negotiation Law Review, 21(107), 107–142.
Azahar, J. (2015). Court reform programmes : the Malaysian experience, (102), 15–24.
Bagshaw, D. (1995). Mediating family disputes in statutory settings. Australian Social Work, 48(4), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/03124079508412495 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03124079508412495
Bagshaw, D. (2008). Family violence and mediation. Does culture make a difference ? 1–14.
Bagshaw, D.& Porter, E. (2009). Mediation in the Asia-Pacific Region: Transforming Conflicts and Buiding Peace. (D. Bagshaw & E. Porter, Eds.). Routledge Curzon. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203876695 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203876695
Bahare Fallahi, Shahnaz Rahpaymaelizehee, R. J. K. (2015). The National Policy of Malaysia toward Violence against Women. Public Policy and Administration Research, 5(3).
Bains, G., & Andrade, K. (2018). The Potential for Mediating Disputes Online. Retrieved from http://www.cfcj-fcjc.org/sites/default/files/docs/hosted/17436-mediating_disputes_online.pdf
Baylis, C., & Carroll, R. (2005). Power issues in mediation. ADR Bulletin, 7(8), 1–6.
Betancourt, J., & Zlatanska, E. (2013). Online Dispute Resolution (ODR): What is it, and is it the Way Forward? … of Arbitration, Mediation and Dispute …, 256(3), 256–264. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2325422
Braeutigam, A. M. (2006). Fusses That Fit Online: Online Mediation in Non-Commercial Contexts. Appalachian Journal of Law, 5(275), 275–301.
Chandra, G. R., & Carter, J. (2016). Cyber Space for Universal Peace : The Contribution of Online Dispute Resolution. The IUP Law Review, VI(No. 4).
Dahalan, H. M. (2014). Pengurusan Sulh: Peranan, Pelaksanaan dan Keberkesanannya oleh Pegawai Sulh. International Research Management and Innovation Conference 2014.
Ebner, N., & Getz, C. (2012). ODR: The Next Green Giant. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 29(3), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.21039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.21039
Eekelaar, J. M., & Katz, S. N. (1984). Towards a Functional Analysis of Family Process. The Resolution of Family Conflict: Comparative Legal Perspectives (4th ed.). Toronto ; London ; Sydney : Butterworths, International Society on Family Law. World Conference at Harvard University.
Gramatikov, M., & Klaming, L. (2011). Getting Divorced Online: Procedural and Outcome Justice in Online Divorce Mediation. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1752903 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1752903
H., S. K. B. (2016). Communication in the Process of ODR : Advantages and Challenges 4. Challenges for Effective. International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences, 1(3), 39–42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijics.20160103.11
Hak, N. A., & Oseni, U. A. (2011). Syariah Court-Annexed Mediation in Malaysia: Some Problems and Prospects. Asian Journal of Mediation, 2011(June 2011), 1–10. Retrieved from http://files/478/ShariahCourt-annexedmediationinMalaysia.pdf
Hanis, W. (2015). SULH: Its Application in Malaysia. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science Ver. II, 20(6), 71–79.
Jen-T’Chiang, N. Z. C. (2010). Court-annexed Mediation in Resolving Disputes Relating to Family in Malaysia : What We Need To Know Before We Go Forward? Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 2.
Kamaruddin, N. (2016). Konsep Sulh Menurut Perspectif Islam dan Aplikasinya dalam Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia. International Conference on Aqidah, Dakwah and Syariah 2016, 2016(Irsyad), 25–44.
Lavi, D. (2015a). E-Mediation in Divorce Disputes — The Reality and The Desirable. Cordozo Journal of Conflict Resolution, 16, 479–542.
Lavi, D. (2015b). Til Death Do Us Part : Online Mediation as an Answer to Divorce Cases Involving Violence. North Carolina of Law & Technology, 16(2).
Mahdzir, N., Rahman, A. A., Rahim, A. A., & Ismail, C. T. (2016). Domestic violence court : a new model to combat domestic violence against women in malaysia. UUM Journal of Legal Studies, 7, 92–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32890/uumjls.7.2016.4637
Marian, R. (2014). Mediation in Family Disputes Principles of Practice (Fourth Edi). London, United Kingdom: Ashgate.
Masson, J. M., Judith M. ., Bailey-Harris, R. J., Probert, R., & Cretney, S. M. (2008). Principles of family law. Sweet & Maxwell.
Mayers, B. (2000). The Dynamics of Conflict Resolution: A Practitioner’s Guide. San Fransisco: Jossey-Basse. Retrieved from http://www.beyondintractability.org/bksum/mayer-dynamics
Mimi Kamariah, M. (1999). Family Law in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Malayan Law Journal Sdn. Bhd.
Mohamed Ishak, A. H., & Nik Azahani, N. M. (2016). Cross-Culture Jurisprudential Influence on Mediation in Malaysia. Malayan Law Journal Articles, 4(xli).
Nor Fadzlina, N. (2011a). Family Mediation in Malaysian Muslim Society : Some Lessons for the Civil Family Law in Malaysia.
Nor Fadzlina, N. (2011b). Mandating Mediation in Family Law Conflict in Malaysia : Exploring Judges and Lawyers â€TM Perspectives. In 24th Annual International of Conflict Management Conference. Istanbul, Turkey: ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1872860 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1872860
Poblet, M., Casanovas, P., & López-cobo, J. M. (2010). Mediation, ODR, and Web 2. 0 : A Case for Relational Justice 1 Introduction : Relational Justice and ODR. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16524-5_13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16524-5_13
Raihanah, A. (2009). Penangguhan kes di mahkamah syariah: cabaran dan penyelesaian. Shariah Journal, 17(1), 1–30.
Roslina Che Soh. (2010)(n.d.). The Cultural and Legal Perspectives on Wife Battering in Malaysia. The Law Review 2010, 613–622.
Ross, G. (2018). Building Trust Online How to Adapt Mediation and Negotiation Techniques to the Virtual Environment.
Rossi, F. S., Holtzworth-Munroe, A., Applegate, A. G., Beck, C. J., Adams, J. M., & Hale, D. F. (2017). Shuttle and Online Mediation: A Review of Available Research and Implications for Separating Couples Reporting Intimate Partner Violence or Abuse. Family Court Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcre.12293 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/fcre.12293
Sa’odah, A. (2010). Sulh(Mediation) in the state of Selangor: An Analysis of Legal Provisions and Application. IIUM Law Journal, (January 2010).
Safei, S. (2009). Majlis Sulh(Islamic Mediation) in the Selangor Syariah Court and Malaysia Mediation Centre of the Bar Council: A Comparative Study. Malayan Law Journal Articles, 5(83), 1–13.
Smith, R. (2017). Online Dispute Resolution: Ten Lessons on Access to Justice. Legal Network Series, A(90), 1–4.
Sander, F. (1983). Family Mediation: Problems and Prospects. Mediation Quarterly, 1983(2), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.39019830203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.39019830203
UK, C. J. C. of the. (2015). Online Dispute Resolution for Low-Value Civil Claims. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119990413.ch1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119990413.ch1
Vestal, A. (2007). Domestic violence and mediation: Concerns and Recommendations. Mediate.com.