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THE ROLE OF YOUNG FARMERS GROUP IN NEW MEDIA UTILIZATION FOR YOUNG HORTICULTURAL AGRIPRENEURS IN YOGYAKARTA SPECIAL REGION, INDONESIA
Corresponding Author(s) : Sunarru Samsi Hariadi
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 3 (2020): May
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This study is to analyze the characteristics of young farmers in horticultural agripreneurs, the role of young farmers group, the utilization of new media in horticultural agripreneurs, and the influence of the characteristics of young farmers and the role of groups on the utilization of new media in horticultural entrepreneurs
Methodology: This research used the survey method. A simple random sampling method was used in selecting 300 of 604 young farmers, consisting of 250 men and 50 women. The role of young farmers group and the utilization of new media variables are measured using a 5-score rating scale, which includes; (1) never, (2) rarely, (3) sometimes, (4) often, (5) always. Data were analyzed using percentages, mean scores, and multiple regression tests at p ≤ 0.05.
Main Findings: The results showed that young farmers most often use smartphones to access social media. The majority of farmers use WhatsApp for their daily communication. Factors influencing the utilization of new media (Y) included gender (X1), an education level (X2), length of business (X3), and the role of farmer group (X4) together (R-square) of 34.7%. The role of young farmer groups and sex had a positive effect on the utilization of new media; length of business had a negative effect, while education level did not affect the use of new media (p≤0.05).
Applications of this study: The government is expected to encourage young agripreneurs in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia, who are just starting a business to utilize new media by empowering groups to conduct training and learning to become successful young agripreneur.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study found that the role of young farmers group as a means of social learning is very important in horticultural agripreneurs, especially for young farmers in rural areas who are just starting a business with the use of new media to develop their businesses.
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- Adong, A., Mwaura, F., & Okoboi, G. (2013). What Factors Determine Membership to Farmer Groups in Uganda? Evidence from the Uganda Census of Agriculture 2008/9. Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v6n4p37 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v6n4p37
- Agu, M. N. (2013). Application of ICT in Agricultural Sector: Women’s Perspective Monica. International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), 2(6), 58–60.
- Anwarudin, O., Sumardjo, S., Satria, A., & Fatchiya, A. (2019). Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Capacity of Young Farmers for Farmer Succession. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(1), 1008–1014. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.A4611.119119 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.A4611.119119
- Barham, J., Barham, J., & Chitemi, C. (2018). Collective Action Initiatives to Improve Marketing Performance : Lessons from Farmer Groups in Tanzania. Food Policy, 34(1), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.10.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.10.002
- Benyishay, A., & Mobarak, A. M. (2019). Social Learning and Incentives for Experimentation and Communication. Review of Economic Studies, 86(3), 976–1009. https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdy039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdy039
- Chell, E., & Baines, S. (2000). Networking, entrepreneurship and microbusiness behaviour. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/089856200413464 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/089856200413464
- Chikaire, J. U., Ani, A. O., Nnadi, F. N., & Godson-Ibeji, C. C. (2015). Analysis of information and communication technology roles in poverty reduction among small and medium scale farmers in Imo State, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice.
- CK, J., & G, R. (2016). Social Media and Farmers. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 05(31), 20–25. https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2016.0531004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2016.0531004
- Conley, T., & Udry, C. (2001). Social Learning Through Networks: The Adoption of New Agricultural Technologies in Ghana. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. https://doi.org/10.1111/0002-9092.00188 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0002-9092.00188
- Courtois, P., & Subervie, J. (2014). Farmer Bargaining Power and Market Information Services. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 97(3), 953–977. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aau051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aau051
- David, L. (2015). Social Learning Theory Bandura Social Learning Theory. Learning Theories, October, 2–3. https://www.learning-theories.com/social-learning-theory-bandura.html
- Dessie, Y., Schubert, U., Wurzinger, M., & Hauser, M. (2013). The Role of Institutions and Social Learning in Soil Conservation Innovations: Implications for Policy and Practice. Environmental Science and Policy, March(27), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2012.10.020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2012.10.020
- Elizabeth, R., & Anugrah, S. (2014). Economic Institution on Vegetables Farmers Community in Bali Province. Pusat Analisis Sosial Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pertanian, 134–146.
- Faith, C. (2013). New Media and Sustainable Agricultural Development in Nigeria. 20, 66–74.
- FAO. (2017). Information and Communication Technology ( ICT ) in Agriculture: A Report to the G20 Agricultural Deputies. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7961e.pdf
- Fischer, E., & Qaim, M. (2012). Linking Smallholders to Markets: Determinants and Impacts of Farmer Collective Action in Kenya. World Development, 40(6), 1255–1268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.11.018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.11.018
- Hariadi, S. S. (2011). Dinamika Kelompok (Teori dan Aplikasinya untuk Analisis Keberhasilan Kelompok Tani sebagai Wahana Belajar, erjasama, Produksi, dan Bisnis). Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Universitas Gadjah Mada.
- Harinie, L. T., Sudiro, A., Rahayu, M., & Fatchan, A. (2017). Study of the Bandura ’ s Social Cognitive Learning Theory for the Entrepreneurship Learning Process. 6(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20170601.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20170601.11
- Hoffmann, V., Probst, K., & Christinck, A. (2007). Farmers and Researchers: How Can Collaborative Advantages Be Created in Participatory Research and Technology development? Agriculture and Human Values, 24(3), 355–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-007-9072-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-007-9072-2
- Jamaluddin, N. (2013). Adoption of E-Commerce Practices among The Indian Farmers, a Survey of Trichy District in the State of Tamilnadu, India. Procedia Economics and Finance, 7(Icebr 2013), 140–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(13)00228-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(13)00228-1
- Kabir. (2012). Attitude and Level of Knowledge of Farmer on ICT based Farming. European Academic Research, 2(10), 13177–13196.
- Kahar, R., Yamimi, F., Bunari, G., & Habil, H. (2012). Trusting the Social Media in Small Business. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 66, 564–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.301 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.301
- KOMINFO RI. (2015). Pemanfaatan dan Pemberdayaan TIK pada Petani dan Nelayan ( Survey Rumah Tangga dan Best Practices ).
- Kutwa, A. A., Muhingi, W. N., & Kokonya, D. (2016). Smallholder Rural Youth Farming in Kiambu County , Kenya. Journal Pf Culture, Society and Development, 25(November), 60–71.
- Laforge, J. M. L., & McLachlan, S. M. (2018). Learning Communities and New Farmer Knowledge in Canada. Geoforum. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.07.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.07.022
- Lokeswari, K. (2016). A Study of the Use of ICT Among Rural Farmers. International Journal of Communication Research, 6(3, July), 232–238.
- Magnan, N., Spielman, D. J., Lybbert, T. J., & Gulati, K. (2015). Leveling With Friends: Social Networks and Indian Farmers’ Demand for a Technology with Heterogeneous Benefits. Journal of Development Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.05.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.05.003
- Makalew, J., Kusuma, Z., & Tamod, Z. (2013). The Influence of Farmer Characteristic and Farming to the Farmer Motivation on Using Organic Manure ( Case Study in East Tombatu District , South-East Minahasa Regency ). 3(August), 43–51.
- Noorani, M. (2015). To Farm or Not to Farm? Rural Youth Perceptions of Farming and their Decision of Whether or Not to Work as a Farmer: A Case Study of Rural Youth in Kiambu County, Kenya (Issue January). School of International Development and Global Studies Faculty of Social Sciences University of Ottawa.
- Ogunniyi, M. D., & Ojebuyi, B. R. (2014). Mobile Phone Use for Agribusiness by Farmers in Southwest Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 20(2011), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.4314/jae.v20i2.13
- Park, J. Y. (2017). Does Social Media Use Influence Entrepreneurial Opportunity ? A Review of its Moderating Role. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091593 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091593
- Prayoga, K., Subejo, & Raya, A. B. (2019). Young Farmers and Digitalization : From Price Taker to Price Maker. International Graduate Student and Scholars Conference in Indonesia, 2011, 181–188. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i20.4935 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i20.4935
- Rani, P. U., & Padmalosani. (2019). Impact of Social Media on Youth. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(11 September), 786–787. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.K1138.09811S19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.K1138.09811S19
- Rasmikayati, E., Setiawan, I., & Saefudin, B. R. (2017). Kajian Karakteristik Perilaku dan Faktor Pendorong Petani Muda Terlibat dalam Agribisnis pada Era Pasar Global. Mimbar Agribisnis, 3(2), 134–149. https://doi.org/10.25157/ma.v3i2.565 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25157/ma.v3i2.565
- Raya, A. B. (2014). Farmer Group Performance of Collective Chili Marketing on Sandy Land Area of Yogyakarta Province Indonesia. Asian Social Science, 10(10), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n10p1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n10p1
- Raya, A. B., Kriska, M., Wastutiningsih, S. P., Umi, M., Djitmau, A., & Cahyani, G. F. (2018). Strategy for Utilizing DesaApps Applications in Agriculture Information. 16(2), 274–285. https://doi.org/10.29244/jurnalkmp.16.2.274-285 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/jurnalkmp.16.2.274-285
- Rogge, N., Theesfeld, I., & Strassner, C. (2020). Learning , Culture and Social Interaction The Potential of Social Learning in Community Gardens and the Impact of Community Heterogeneity. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 24(August 2019), 100351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2019.100351 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2019.100351
- Rusdiyana, E. (2018). Peran Pasar Lelang dalam Pemasaran Cabai di Kelompok Tani Lahan Pasir Pantai Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta. Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 32(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v32i1.14666 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v32i1.14666
- Santrock. (2012). Life Span Development (Perkembangan Masa Hidup). Airlangga.
- Schneider, F., Ledermann, T., Rist, S., & Fry, P. (2009). Social learning processes in Swiss soil protection - The “From Farmer - To Farmer†project. Human Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-009-9262-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-009-9262-1
- Schroeder, R. (2018). The Internet in Theory. In Social Theory after The Internet (pp. 1–27). UCL Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt20krxdr.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt20krxdr
- Subejo, Ineke, R., Kriska, M., Tsaqib, N., Intan, A., Dwi, A., & Mei, P. (2018). Akses , Penggunaan Dan Faktor Penentu Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi Pada Kawasan Pertanian Komersial Untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan Di Perdesaan Yogyakarta. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 24(1), 60–76. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.30270 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.30270
- Sulaksana, J. (2011). The Process of Motivations Change in Farmer Groups. Journal of Applied Science, 11(4), 2500–2512. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2011.2500.2512 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2011.2500.2512
- Vidanapthirana, Nisansala, Sriwarnsinghe, & Nelka. (2019). Socio Economic Develompent Sof Farmer ICT-Based Education Band Rural Entrepreneurship Development. Proceedings of EDULEARN15 Conference 6th-8th July 2015, Barcelona, Spain, October, 4327–4333.
- Zhang, Y., Wang, L., & Duan, Y. (2016). Agricultural Information Dissemination Using ICTs: A Review and Analysis of Information Dissemination Models in China. Information Processing in Agriculture, 3, 17–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpa.2015.11.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpa.2015.11.002
References
Adong, A., Mwaura, F., & Okoboi, G. (2013). What Factors Determine Membership to Farmer Groups in Uganda? Evidence from the Uganda Census of Agriculture 2008/9. Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v6n4p37 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v6n4p37
Agu, M. N. (2013). Application of ICT in Agricultural Sector: Women’s Perspective Monica. International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), 2(6), 58–60.
Anwarudin, O., Sumardjo, S., Satria, A., & Fatchiya, A. (2019). Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Capacity of Young Farmers for Farmer Succession. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(1), 1008–1014. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.A4611.119119 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.A4611.119119
Barham, J., Barham, J., & Chitemi, C. (2018). Collective Action Initiatives to Improve Marketing Performance : Lessons from Farmer Groups in Tanzania. Food Policy, 34(1), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.10.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.10.002
Benyishay, A., & Mobarak, A. M. (2019). Social Learning and Incentives for Experimentation and Communication. Review of Economic Studies, 86(3), 976–1009. https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdy039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdy039
Chell, E., & Baines, S. (2000). Networking, entrepreneurship and microbusiness behaviour. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/089856200413464 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/089856200413464
Chikaire, J. U., Ani, A. O., Nnadi, F. N., & Godson-Ibeji, C. C. (2015). Analysis of information and communication technology roles in poverty reduction among small and medium scale farmers in Imo State, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice.
CK, J., & G, R. (2016). Social Media and Farmers. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 05(31), 20–25. https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2016.0531004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2016.0531004
Conley, T., & Udry, C. (2001). Social Learning Through Networks: The Adoption of New Agricultural Technologies in Ghana. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. https://doi.org/10.1111/0002-9092.00188 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0002-9092.00188
Courtois, P., & Subervie, J. (2014). Farmer Bargaining Power and Market Information Services. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 97(3), 953–977. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aau051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aau051
David, L. (2015). Social Learning Theory Bandura Social Learning Theory. Learning Theories, October, 2–3. https://www.learning-theories.com/social-learning-theory-bandura.html
Dessie, Y., Schubert, U., Wurzinger, M., & Hauser, M. (2013). The Role of Institutions and Social Learning in Soil Conservation Innovations: Implications for Policy and Practice. Environmental Science and Policy, March(27), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2012.10.020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2012.10.020
Elizabeth, R., & Anugrah, S. (2014). Economic Institution on Vegetables Farmers Community in Bali Province. Pusat Analisis Sosial Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pertanian, 134–146.
Faith, C. (2013). New Media and Sustainable Agricultural Development in Nigeria. 20, 66–74.
FAO. (2017). Information and Communication Technology ( ICT ) in Agriculture: A Report to the G20 Agricultural Deputies. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7961e.pdf
Fischer, E., & Qaim, M. (2012). Linking Smallholders to Markets: Determinants and Impacts of Farmer Collective Action in Kenya. World Development, 40(6), 1255–1268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.11.018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.11.018
Hariadi, S. S. (2011). Dinamika Kelompok (Teori dan Aplikasinya untuk Analisis Keberhasilan Kelompok Tani sebagai Wahana Belajar, erjasama, Produksi, dan Bisnis). Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Harinie, L. T., Sudiro, A., Rahayu, M., & Fatchan, A. (2017). Study of the Bandura ’ s Social Cognitive Learning Theory for the Entrepreneurship Learning Process. 6(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20170601.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20170601.11
Hoffmann, V., Probst, K., & Christinck, A. (2007). Farmers and Researchers: How Can Collaborative Advantages Be Created in Participatory Research and Technology development? Agriculture and Human Values, 24(3), 355–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-007-9072-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-007-9072-2
Jamaluddin, N. (2013). Adoption of E-Commerce Practices among The Indian Farmers, a Survey of Trichy District in the State of Tamilnadu, India. Procedia Economics and Finance, 7(Icebr 2013), 140–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(13)00228-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(13)00228-1
Kabir. (2012). Attitude and Level of Knowledge of Farmer on ICT based Farming. European Academic Research, 2(10), 13177–13196.
Kahar, R., Yamimi, F., Bunari, G., & Habil, H. (2012). Trusting the Social Media in Small Business. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 66, 564–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.301 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.301
KOMINFO RI. (2015). Pemanfaatan dan Pemberdayaan TIK pada Petani dan Nelayan ( Survey Rumah Tangga dan Best Practices ).
Kutwa, A. A., Muhingi, W. N., & Kokonya, D. (2016). Smallholder Rural Youth Farming in Kiambu County , Kenya. Journal Pf Culture, Society and Development, 25(November), 60–71.
Laforge, J. M. L., & McLachlan, S. M. (2018). Learning Communities and New Farmer Knowledge in Canada. Geoforum. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.07.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.07.022
Lokeswari, K. (2016). A Study of the Use of ICT Among Rural Farmers. International Journal of Communication Research, 6(3, July), 232–238.
Magnan, N., Spielman, D. J., Lybbert, T. J., & Gulati, K. (2015). Leveling With Friends: Social Networks and Indian Farmers’ Demand for a Technology with Heterogeneous Benefits. Journal of Development Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.05.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.05.003
Makalew, J., Kusuma, Z., & Tamod, Z. (2013). The Influence of Farmer Characteristic and Farming to the Farmer Motivation on Using Organic Manure ( Case Study in East Tombatu District , South-East Minahasa Regency ). 3(August), 43–51.
Noorani, M. (2015). To Farm or Not to Farm? Rural Youth Perceptions of Farming and their Decision of Whether or Not to Work as a Farmer: A Case Study of Rural Youth in Kiambu County, Kenya (Issue January). School of International Development and Global Studies Faculty of Social Sciences University of Ottawa.
Ogunniyi, M. D., & Ojebuyi, B. R. (2014). Mobile Phone Use for Agribusiness by Farmers in Southwest Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 20(2011), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.4314/jae.v20i2.13
Park, J. Y. (2017). Does Social Media Use Influence Entrepreneurial Opportunity ? A Review of its Moderating Role. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091593 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091593
Prayoga, K., Subejo, & Raya, A. B. (2019). Young Farmers and Digitalization : From Price Taker to Price Maker. International Graduate Student and Scholars Conference in Indonesia, 2011, 181–188. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i20.4935 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i20.4935
Rani, P. U., & Padmalosani. (2019). Impact of Social Media on Youth. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(11 September), 786–787. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.K1138.09811S19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.K1138.09811S19
Rasmikayati, E., Setiawan, I., & Saefudin, B. R. (2017). Kajian Karakteristik Perilaku dan Faktor Pendorong Petani Muda Terlibat dalam Agribisnis pada Era Pasar Global. Mimbar Agribisnis, 3(2), 134–149. https://doi.org/10.25157/ma.v3i2.565 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25157/ma.v3i2.565
Raya, A. B. (2014). Farmer Group Performance of Collective Chili Marketing on Sandy Land Area of Yogyakarta Province Indonesia. Asian Social Science, 10(10), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n10p1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n10p1
Raya, A. B., Kriska, M., Wastutiningsih, S. P., Umi, M., Djitmau, A., & Cahyani, G. F. (2018). Strategy for Utilizing DesaApps Applications in Agriculture Information. 16(2), 274–285. https://doi.org/10.29244/jurnalkmp.16.2.274-285 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/jurnalkmp.16.2.274-285
Rogge, N., Theesfeld, I., & Strassner, C. (2020). Learning , Culture and Social Interaction The Potential of Social Learning in Community Gardens and the Impact of Community Heterogeneity. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 24(August 2019), 100351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2019.100351 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2019.100351
Rusdiyana, E. (2018). Peran Pasar Lelang dalam Pemasaran Cabai di Kelompok Tani Lahan Pasir Pantai Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta. Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 32(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v32i1.14666 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v32i1.14666
Santrock. (2012). Life Span Development (Perkembangan Masa Hidup). Airlangga.
Schneider, F., Ledermann, T., Rist, S., & Fry, P. (2009). Social learning processes in Swiss soil protection - The “From Farmer - To Farmer†project. Human Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-009-9262-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-009-9262-1
Schroeder, R. (2018). The Internet in Theory. In Social Theory after The Internet (pp. 1–27). UCL Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt20krxdr.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt20krxdr
Subejo, Ineke, R., Kriska, M., Tsaqib, N., Intan, A., Dwi, A., & Mei, P. (2018). Akses , Penggunaan Dan Faktor Penentu Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi Pada Kawasan Pertanian Komersial Untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan Di Perdesaan Yogyakarta. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 24(1), 60–76. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.30270 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.30270
Sulaksana, J. (2011). The Process of Motivations Change in Farmer Groups. Journal of Applied Science, 11(4), 2500–2512. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2011.2500.2512 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2011.2500.2512
Vidanapthirana, Nisansala, Sriwarnsinghe, & Nelka. (2019). Socio Economic Develompent Sof Farmer ICT-Based Education Band Rural Entrepreneurship Development. Proceedings of EDULEARN15 Conference 6th-8th July 2015, Barcelona, Spain, October, 4327–4333.
Zhang, Y., Wang, L., & Duan, Y. (2016). Agricultural Information Dissemination Using ICTs: A Review and Analysis of Information Dissemination Models in China. Information Processing in Agriculture, 3, 17–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpa.2015.11.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpa.2015.11.002
Funding data
-
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Grant numbers 2129/UN1/DITLIT/DIT-LIT/LT/2019