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A REVIEW OF PROMINENT MODELS OF TEAM ROLES AND CONCEPTUALIZING A NEW MODEL
Corresponding Author(s) : Divya
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 3 (2020): May
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This study aims to arrive at a new conceptual model of team roles that minimizes the weaknesses and maximizes the strengths of the prominent existing models. This study attempts to connect the new conceptual model of team roles with the five-factor model of personality.
Methodology: Prominent existing models of team roles were compared and contrasted amongst themselves. Each model was carefully studied to identify underlying strengths and weaknesses. A comprehensive list of team roles with definitions from each model was put together. The list was carefully examined to identify team roles that can be merged or eliminated. A new model was conceptualized by merging and eliminating team roles wherever necessary.
Main Findings: Each of the prominent existing models reviewed missed some critical aspects when contrasted with each other. There is a duplication of roles in some models while some important roles are missing in other models. A more comprehensive conceptual model has been proposed.
Applications of this study: The conceptual model proposed in this study can be further tested and developed to create team role inventories. This model can be useful for team building in organizations of all kinds. The model would help in identifying the right members for a new team as well as in predicting outcomes of intact teams.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The new conceptual model of team roles proposed in this study connects with the contemporarily relevant five-factor model of personality. This makes it different from previously existing models. The proposed model encompasses the strengths and avoids the weaknesses of past models.
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- Apesteguia, J., Azmat, G., & Iriberri, N. (2012). The impact of gender composition on team performance and decision making: Evidence from the field. Management Science, 58(1), 78-93. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1110.1348 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1110.1348
- Barry, D. (1991). Managing the bossless team: Lessons in distributed leadership. Organizational dynamics, 20(1), 31-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(91)90081-J DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(91)90081-J
- Bear, J. B., & Woolley, A. W. (2011). The role of gender in team collaboration and performance. Interdisciplinary science reviews, 36(2), 146-153. https://doi.org/10.1179/030801811X13013181961473 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/030801811X13013181961473
- Belbin, R. M. (1981). Management teams. Routledge.
- Belbin, R. M. (1993). Team roles at work. Routledge.
- Benne, K. D., & Sheats, P. (1948). Functional roles of group members. Journal of social issues, 4(2), 41-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1948.tb01783.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1948.tb01783.x
- Blinder, A. S., & Morgan, J. (2000). Are two heads better than one? An experimental analysis of group vs. individual decisionmaking (No. w7909). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w7909 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w7909
- Bouncken, Ricarda, Alexander Brem, and Sascha Kraus. "Multi-cultural teams as sources for creativity and innovation: The role of cultural diversity on team performance." International Journal of Innovation Management 20, no. 01 (2016): 1650012. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919616500122 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919616500122
- Bradley, B. H., Klotz, A. C., Postlethwaite, B. E., & Brown, K. G. (2013). Ready to rumble: How team personality composition and task conflict interact to improve performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(2), 385. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029845 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029845
- Bradley, J. H., & Hebert, F. J. (1997). The effect of personality type on team performance. Journal of Management Development. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719710174525 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719710174525
- Devine, D. J., Clayton, L. D., Philips, J. L., Dunford, B. B., & Melner, S. B. (1999). Teams in organizations: Prevalence, characteristics, and effectiveness. Small group research, 30(6), 678-711. https://doi.org/10.1177/104649649903000602 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104649649903000602
- Faust, W. L. (1959). Group versus individual problem-solving. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0048521 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0048521
- Fisher, S. G., Hunter, T. A., & Macrosson, W. D. K. (2002). Belbin’s team role theory: for non-managers also?. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(1), 14-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940210415906 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940210415906
- Gallén, T. (2009). Top management team composition and views of viable strategies. Team Performance Management: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/sd.2010.05626dad.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/sd.2010.05626dad.006
- Groysberg, B., Polzer, J., & Elfenbein, H. (2011). Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth: How High-Status Individuals Decrease Group Effectiveness. Organization Science, 22(3), 722-737. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1100.0547 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1100.0547
- Harrison, D. A., Price, K. H., & Bell, M. P. (1998). Beyond relational demography: Time and the effects of surface-and deep-level diversity on work group cohesion. Academy of management journal, 41(1), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.2307/256901 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/256901
- Horwitz, S. K., & Horwitz, I. B. (2007). The effects of team diversity on team outcomes: A meta-analytic review of team demography. Journal of management, 33(6), 987-1015. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307308587 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307308587
- Jackson, S. E., & Ruderman, M. N. (1995). Diversity in work teams: Research paradigms for a changing workplace (pp. xv-271). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10189-000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/10189-000
- Kraemer, A., Bhave, D. P., & Johnson, T. D. (2014). Personality and group performance: The importance of personality composition and work tasks. Personality and Individual Differences, 58, 132-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.10.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.10.019
- Manners, G. (1975). Another Look at Group Size, Group Problem Solving, and Member Consensus. The Academy of Management Journal, 18(4), 715-724. https://doi.org/10.2307/255374 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/255374
- Mello, A. S., & Ruckes, M. E. (2006). Team composition. The journal of Business, 79(3), 1019-1039. https://doi.org/10.1086/500668 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/500668
- Mumford, T. V., Campion, M. A., & Morgeson, F. P. (2006). Situational judgment in work teams: A team role typology. Situational judgment tests: Theory, measurement, and application, 319-343.
- Myers, I. B. (1985). A Guide to the Development and Use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: Manual. Consulting Psychologists Press.
- Neuman, G. A., Wagner, S. H., & Christiansen, N. D. (1999). The relationship between work-team personality composition and the job performance of teams. Group & Organization Management, 24(1), 28-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601199241003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601199241003
- Norman, W. T. (1967). 2800 Personality Trait Descriptors--Normative Operating Characteristics For A University Population.
- Parker, G. M. (1996). Team players and teamwork. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Rajendran, M. (2005). Analysis of team effectiveness in software development teams working on hardware and software environments using Belbin Self-perception Inventory. Journal of Management Development, 24(8), 738-753. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710510613753 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710510613753
- Reilly, R. R., Lynn, G. S., & Aronson, Z. H. (2002). The role of personality in new product development team performance. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 19(1), 39-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0923-4748(01)00045-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0923-4748(01)00045-5
- Senior, B. (1997). Team roles and team performance: is there ‘really’a link?. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 70(3), 241-258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00646.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00646.x
- Sommerville, J., & Dalziel, S. (1998). Project teambuilding—the applicability of Belbin's team-role self-perception inventory. International Journal of Project Management, 16(3), 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(97)00054-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(97)00054-9
- Srivastava, M., & Sinha, A. (2011). Task Characteristics & Group Effectiveness in Indian Organizations. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 46(4), 699-712.
- Steffens, P., Terjesen, S., & Davidsson, P. (2012). Birds of a feather get lost together: new venture team composition and performance. Small Business Economics, 39(3), 727-743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-011-9358-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-011-9358-z
- Turner, J. C. (1982). Towards a cognitive redeï¬nition of the social group. Social identity and intergroup relations, 15-40. https://doi.org/10.2307/2785643 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2785643
- Ziller, R. C. (1957). Group size: A determinant of the quality and stability of group decisions. Sociometry, 20(2), 165-173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2785643
References
Apesteguia, J., Azmat, G., & Iriberri, N. (2012). The impact of gender composition on team performance and decision making: Evidence from the field. Management Science, 58(1), 78-93. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1110.1348 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1110.1348
Barry, D. (1991). Managing the bossless team: Lessons in distributed leadership. Organizational dynamics, 20(1), 31-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(91)90081-J DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(91)90081-J
Bear, J. B., & Woolley, A. W. (2011). The role of gender in team collaboration and performance. Interdisciplinary science reviews, 36(2), 146-153. https://doi.org/10.1179/030801811X13013181961473 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/030801811X13013181961473
Belbin, R. M. (1981). Management teams. Routledge.
Belbin, R. M. (1993). Team roles at work. Routledge.
Benne, K. D., & Sheats, P. (1948). Functional roles of group members. Journal of social issues, 4(2), 41-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1948.tb01783.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1948.tb01783.x
Blinder, A. S., & Morgan, J. (2000). Are two heads better than one? An experimental analysis of group vs. individual decisionmaking (No. w7909). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w7909 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w7909
Bouncken, Ricarda, Alexander Brem, and Sascha Kraus. "Multi-cultural teams as sources for creativity and innovation: The role of cultural diversity on team performance." International Journal of Innovation Management 20, no. 01 (2016): 1650012. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919616500122 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919616500122
Bradley, B. H., Klotz, A. C., Postlethwaite, B. E., & Brown, K. G. (2013). Ready to rumble: How team personality composition and task conflict interact to improve performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(2), 385. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029845 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029845
Bradley, J. H., & Hebert, F. J. (1997). The effect of personality type on team performance. Journal of Management Development. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719710174525 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719710174525
Devine, D. J., Clayton, L. D., Philips, J. L., Dunford, B. B., & Melner, S. B. (1999). Teams in organizations: Prevalence, characteristics, and effectiveness. Small group research, 30(6), 678-711. https://doi.org/10.1177/104649649903000602 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104649649903000602
Faust, W. L. (1959). Group versus individual problem-solving. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0048521 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0048521
Fisher, S. G., Hunter, T. A., & Macrosson, W. D. K. (2002). Belbin’s team role theory: for non-managers also?. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(1), 14-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940210415906 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940210415906
Gallén, T. (2009). Top management team composition and views of viable strategies. Team Performance Management: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/sd.2010.05626dad.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/sd.2010.05626dad.006
Groysberg, B., Polzer, J., & Elfenbein, H. (2011). Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth: How High-Status Individuals Decrease Group Effectiveness. Organization Science, 22(3), 722-737. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1100.0547 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1100.0547
Harrison, D. A., Price, K. H., & Bell, M. P. (1998). Beyond relational demography: Time and the effects of surface-and deep-level diversity on work group cohesion. Academy of management journal, 41(1), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.2307/256901 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/256901
Horwitz, S. K., & Horwitz, I. B. (2007). The effects of team diversity on team outcomes: A meta-analytic review of team demography. Journal of management, 33(6), 987-1015. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307308587 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307308587
Jackson, S. E., & Ruderman, M. N. (1995). Diversity in work teams: Research paradigms for a changing workplace (pp. xv-271). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10189-000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/10189-000
Kraemer, A., Bhave, D. P., & Johnson, T. D. (2014). Personality and group performance: The importance of personality composition and work tasks. Personality and Individual Differences, 58, 132-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.10.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.10.019
Manners, G. (1975). Another Look at Group Size, Group Problem Solving, and Member Consensus. The Academy of Management Journal, 18(4), 715-724. https://doi.org/10.2307/255374 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/255374
Mello, A. S., & Ruckes, M. E. (2006). Team composition. The journal of Business, 79(3), 1019-1039. https://doi.org/10.1086/500668 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/500668
Mumford, T. V., Campion, M. A., & Morgeson, F. P. (2006). Situational judgment in work teams: A team role typology. Situational judgment tests: Theory, measurement, and application, 319-343.
Myers, I. B. (1985). A Guide to the Development and Use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: Manual. Consulting Psychologists Press.
Neuman, G. A., Wagner, S. H., & Christiansen, N. D. (1999). The relationship between work-team personality composition and the job performance of teams. Group & Organization Management, 24(1), 28-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601199241003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601199241003
Norman, W. T. (1967). 2800 Personality Trait Descriptors--Normative Operating Characteristics For A University Population.
Parker, G. M. (1996). Team players and teamwork. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Rajendran, M. (2005). Analysis of team effectiveness in software development teams working on hardware and software environments using Belbin Self-perception Inventory. Journal of Management Development, 24(8), 738-753. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710510613753 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710510613753
Reilly, R. R., Lynn, G. S., & Aronson, Z. H. (2002). The role of personality in new product development team performance. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 19(1), 39-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0923-4748(01)00045-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0923-4748(01)00045-5
Senior, B. (1997). Team roles and team performance: is there ‘really’a link?. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 70(3), 241-258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00646.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00646.x
Sommerville, J., & Dalziel, S. (1998). Project teambuilding—the applicability of Belbin's team-role self-perception inventory. International Journal of Project Management, 16(3), 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(97)00054-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(97)00054-9
Srivastava, M., & Sinha, A. (2011). Task Characteristics & Group Effectiveness in Indian Organizations. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 46(4), 699-712.
Steffens, P., Terjesen, S., & Davidsson, P. (2012). Birds of a feather get lost together: new venture team composition and performance. Small Business Economics, 39(3), 727-743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-011-9358-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-011-9358-z
Turner, J. C. (1982). Towards a cognitive redeï¬nition of the social group. Social identity and intergroup relations, 15-40. https://doi.org/10.2307/2785643 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2785643
Ziller, R. C. (1957). Group size: A determinant of the quality and stability of group decisions. Sociometry, 20(2), 165-173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2785643