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THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENT TO ASSESS STUDENTS' AFFECTIVE DOMAIN BASED ON SCIENTIFIC APPROACH IN ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (EFL) CLASSROOM
Corresponding Author(s) : Ira Maisarah
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 4 (2020): July
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The objective of this research was to explain the results of the development of instruments to assess the students' affective based on scientific approaches in the EFL class.
Methodology: This study used the ADDIE method that consists of five steps: (1) analyzing, (2) designing, (3) developing, (4) implementing, and (5) evaluating. There were some instruments of the research used to gather the data such as the expert's validation sheet and questionnaire. Statistical analyses used in this research were Alpha Cronbach, the test of normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov, the test of homogeneity Levene, the test of linearity, the test of correlational Pearson, test of regression, and Wilcoxon test.
Main Findings: The result showed that the development of an instrument to evaluate students' affective based on scientific approach was considered by some items, e.g. phases in scientific approach, skills in English language teaching, learning experiences, affective aspects, and indicator of assessment. Finally, it can be stated that (1) the instrument was valid with the mean Score in rank between 1-124 is 114.8; (2) the instrument reliable with the Score is 0.754; (3) the instrument was tested with the Asymp. Sig score of 0.042.
Applications of this study: This study proved that the instrument of affective assessment was valid, practice, and effective to be used by the English teachers in assessing the students' affective during the teaching and learning process at the EFL classroom.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The success of a student is not only measured based on the cognitive aspect but also based on the affective aspect.
Keywords
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- Ali, M. A. K. (2017). English Language Anxiety: Development and Validation of a Brief Measure. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 4(2), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2017.02.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2017.02.005
- Anderson, L. W., & Bourke S. F. (2013). Assessing Affective Characteristics in the Schools (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410605443 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410605443
- Atmazaki. (2013). Penilaian Alternatif dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Padang: UNP Press.
- Bloom, B. S., Krathwohl, D. R., & Masia B. B. (1964). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. Handbook II: Affective Domain. New York: David McKay Company, Inc.
- Bloom, B. S., Hastings, J. T., & Madaus, G.F. (1981). Evaluation to Improve Learning. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.
- Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2007). Educational Research: An Introduction, 8th Edition. New York: Longman. Inc.
- Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional Design: The ADDIE Approach. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09506-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09506-6
- Brown, H. D. (2003). Language Assessment: Principle and Classroom Practice. New York: Pearson Education.
- California Department of Education. (2019). The Role of Character Education in Public Schools. https://www. cde.ca.gov/ls/yd/ce/charactered.asp
- Chari, S. (2015). The Early Clinical Exposure Experience Motivates First Year MBBS Students: A Study. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 8(02). https://doi.org/10.31901/24566322.2015/08.02.16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31901/24566322.2015/08.02.16
- Faris, M. I. (2012). "Pengembangan Asesmen Diri Siswa (Student Self-Assessment) sebagai Model Penilaian dan Pengembangan Karakterâ€. Konferensi Ilmiah Nasional “Asesmen dan Pembangunan Karakter Bangsa†HEPI UNESA 2012 (68-77).
- Fazeli, S. H. (2011). The Impact of Personality Traits on the Affective Category of English Language Learning Strategy. LiBRI (Linguistics and Literacy Broad Research and Innovation, (Online), Vol. 2, No. 2. (http://ERIC Journal).
- Feist, J. & Feist G. J. (2006). Theories of Personality (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Givens, S. M. (2010). Using Affective Assessment to Understand our Students' Identities as Readers (and Non-Readers). Inquiry: The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges 15 (1).
- Julia, J. & Supriyadi, T. (2018). The Implementation of Character Education at Senior High School. SHS Web of Conference GC-TALE 2017 (Online), Vol. 42, 00085. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184200085 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184200085
- Jubilee Centre for Character and Virtues. (2017). A Framework for Character Education in Schools. University of Birmingham.
- Karto, Suhartono, Susetyo, Noermanzah, Maisarah, I. (2019). The Differences Ability In Writing Descriptive Texts By Using Chain Writing And Conventional Methods. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 8(10), 2718. http://www.ijstr.org/paper-references.php?ref=IJSTR-1019-24157
- Keblowska, M. (2012). "The Place of Affect in Second Language Acquisition" dalam Pawlak, Mirostaw (Ed.). Second Language Learning and Teaching: New Perspective on Individual Differences in Language Learning and Teaching (pg. 157-167). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20850-8_10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20850-8_10
- Khan, I. (2016). Positive Attitude and English Language Learning: Psycho-pedagogic Connections. Arab World English Journal, 7(1), 432–444. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol7no1.26 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol7no1.26
- Krathwohl, D. R., Bloom, B. S., & Masia, B. B. (1974). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. Handbook II: Affective Domain. New York: David McKay Company, Inc.
- Kemdikbud Republik Indonesia. (2014). Buku Guru Bahasa Inggris: When English Rings a Bell. Jakarta: Kemdikbud.
- Kemdikbud Direktorat Pembinaan Sekolah Menengah Pertama Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah. (2015). Panduan Penilaian untuk Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP).
- Kim, K. Harris, C. J., & Pham, L. (2018). How Character Education Impacts Teachers. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Higher Educatio, 3 (1), 45-67. https://doi.org/10.32674/jimphe.v3i1.632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jimphe.v3i1.632
- Kim, D., & Kim, T.-Y. (2018). The Structural Relationship between Korean High School Students' Resilience, English Learning Motivation, English Class Attitude, and English Learning Achievement. The Modern English Society, 19(1), 120–136. https://doi.org/10.18095/meeso.2018.19.1.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18095/meeso.2018.19.1.11
- Koc, E. M. (2013). Affective Characteristics and Teaching Skills of English Language Teachers: Comparing Perceptions of Elementary, Secondary and High School Students. Scientific Research, 4 (2). https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2013.42017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2013.42017
- Li, L. & Luo, S. S. (2019). Development and Preliminary Validation of a Foreign Language Aptitude Test for Chinese Learners of Foreign Languages. Language Aptitude, 33–55. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315122021-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315122021-3
- Maisarah, Ira, Zaim, M, Syarif, H, & Bentri, A. (2018). Designing Affective Instrument based on Scientific Approach for English Language Learning. SHS Web of Conference GC-TALE 2017 (Online), Vol. 42, 00068. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184200068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184200068
- Maisarah, Ira, Zaim, M, Syarif, H, & Bentri, A. (2018). Needs of English Teachers in Designing Instrument of Affective Assessment based on Scientific Approach: A Challenge for Curriculum Development at 21st Century. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), Sixth International Conference on Languages and Arts (ICLA 2017) (Online), Vol 148. https://doi.org/10.2991/icla-17.2018.55 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/icla-17.2018.55
- Markle, R. dan O'Banion, T. (2014). Assessing Affective Factors to Improve Retention and Completion. Learning Abstract, (Online), 17(11): 1-16. https://www.ets.org/s/.../pdf/learning_abstracts_markle_obanion.pdf
- McCoach, D. B., Gable, R. K., & Madura, J. P. (2013). Instrument Development in the Affective Domain: School and Corporate Application (3rd ed.). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7135-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7135-6
- Oja, B. D., Clopton, A. W., & Hazzaa, R. N. (2018). Assessing Student Affective Commitment and Adjustment: The Function of Social Capital. College Student Affairs Journal, 36(2), 48–62. https://doi.org/10.1353/csj.2018.0015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/csj.2018.0015
- Palk, K. (2018). Middle School Teachers Attitudes Towards the Need for Student Feedback and Attitudes Towards the Impact of Feedback on Teachers Professional Development. INTED2018 Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2018.0653 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2018.0653
- Sari, M.H., Susetyo, Noermanzah, Wardhana, D.E.C., Kusumaningsih, D. (2020). Understanding the Level of Students' Reading Comprehension Ability. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(5), 1848 - 1855. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080521 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080521
- Muttaqin, M. F., Raharjo, T. J., & Masturi. (2018). The Implementation Main Values of Character Education of Reinforcement in Elementary School. Journal of Primary Education, 7 (1), 103-112.
- Nitko, A. J. (2001). Educational Assessment of Students (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Merrill Prentice Hall.
- Noermanzah & Friantary, H. (2019). Development of Competency-Based Poetry Learning Materials for Class X High Schools. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(4), 6631. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.D8855.118419 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.D8855.118419
- Nufus, S. H., Gani, A., & Suhendrayatna. (2017). Pengembangan Instrument Penilaian Sikap berbasis Kurikulum 2013 pada Pembelajaran Kimia SMA. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Indonesia, 5 (1), http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/jpsi
- Octova, A., Bentri, A., Putra, A., Hidayati, A., & Rahmi, U. (2014). Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 di Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidik, 5 (1). http://ejournal.unp.ac.id//index.php/penelitianpendidikan/a rticle/view/4133
- Pham, J. (2015). A Student's Perspective on Assessment and the Affective Domain. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 79(8), 125. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe798125 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe798125
- Piasecka, L. (2013). "What Does It Feel Like to Use English? Empirical Evidence from EFL Students" dalam Piechurska-Kuciel, Ewa & Szymanska-Czaplak, Elzbieta (Eds.). Second Language Learning and Teaching: Language in Cognition and Affect (pg. 219-237). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35305-5_13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35305-5_13
- Rani, Rusilowati, A. & Ellianawati. (2010). Penerapan Peer-Assessment dalam Menilai Sikap Ilmiah Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Fisika SMA Kelas X. Seminar Nasional Fisika (Online), Universitas Negeri Semarang 2 Oktober 2010. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283244370
- Riduwan. (2015). Metode dan Teknik Menyusun Tesis. Bandung: Alfabeta Bandung.
- Rimland, E. (2013). Assessing Affective Learning Using A Students Response System. Libraries and the Academy Journal, 13 (4). https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2013.0037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2013.0037
- Syarif, H. (2014). "The Value of Language Politeness in Education". Proceeding of the Third International Seminar on Languages and Arts (Online), UNP, October 17-18, 2014. (http: //ejournal.unp.ac.id/index .php/isla/article/view/5302/418)
- Sudirman. (2019). The 21st-Century Teacher: Teacher's Competence Within the Character Education Framework Towards A Cultural-Oriented Development and Promoting Tolerance. International Education Studies, 12 (8), 21-25. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n8p21 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n8p21
- Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
- Turi, J., Sorooshian, S., Binti Mahmud, F., & Javed, Y. (2018). The Cognitive, Behavioral and Social Prospectives of Organizational Learning through Information System. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 6(3), 71. https://doi.org/10.22452/mojem.vol6no3.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22452/mojem.vol6no3.4
- Undang-Undang Number 20 Tahun 2003 about Sistem Pendidikan Nasional.
- Walker, M. Sims, D. & Kettlewell, K. (2017). Leading Character Education in Schools. Berkshire: National Foundation for Educational Research.
- Wicaksono, T.P., Muhardjito, & Harsiati, T. (2016). Pengembangan Penilaian Sikap dengan Teknik Observasi, Self-Assessment, dan Peer-Assessment pada Pembelajaran tematik Kelas V SD Arjowinangun 02 Malang. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan, 1 (1), http://journal.um.ac.id/index. php/jptpp/article/view/ 5214
- Zaim, M. (2017). Implementing Scientific Approach to Teach English at Senior High School in Indonesia. Asian Social Science, 13 (2). https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n2p33 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n2p33
References
Ali, M. A. K. (2017). English Language Anxiety: Development and Validation of a Brief Measure. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 4(2), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2017.02.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2017.02.005
Anderson, L. W., & Bourke S. F. (2013). Assessing Affective Characteristics in the Schools (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410605443 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410605443
Atmazaki. (2013). Penilaian Alternatif dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Padang: UNP Press.
Bloom, B. S., Krathwohl, D. R., & Masia B. B. (1964). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. Handbook II: Affective Domain. New York: David McKay Company, Inc.
Bloom, B. S., Hastings, J. T., & Madaus, G.F. (1981). Evaluation to Improve Learning. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.
Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2007). Educational Research: An Introduction, 8th Edition. New York: Longman. Inc.
Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional Design: The ADDIE Approach. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09506-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09506-6
Brown, H. D. (2003). Language Assessment: Principle and Classroom Practice. New York: Pearson Education.
California Department of Education. (2019). The Role of Character Education in Public Schools. https://www. cde.ca.gov/ls/yd/ce/charactered.asp
Chari, S. (2015). The Early Clinical Exposure Experience Motivates First Year MBBS Students: A Study. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 8(02). https://doi.org/10.31901/24566322.2015/08.02.16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31901/24566322.2015/08.02.16
Faris, M. I. (2012). "Pengembangan Asesmen Diri Siswa (Student Self-Assessment) sebagai Model Penilaian dan Pengembangan Karakterâ€. Konferensi Ilmiah Nasional “Asesmen dan Pembangunan Karakter Bangsa†HEPI UNESA 2012 (68-77).
Fazeli, S. H. (2011). The Impact of Personality Traits on the Affective Category of English Language Learning Strategy. LiBRI (Linguistics and Literacy Broad Research and Innovation, (Online), Vol. 2, No. 2. (http://ERIC Journal).
Feist, J. & Feist G. J. (2006). Theories of Personality (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Givens, S. M. (2010). Using Affective Assessment to Understand our Students' Identities as Readers (and Non-Readers). Inquiry: The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges 15 (1).
Julia, J. & Supriyadi, T. (2018). The Implementation of Character Education at Senior High School. SHS Web of Conference GC-TALE 2017 (Online), Vol. 42, 00085. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184200085 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184200085
Jubilee Centre for Character and Virtues. (2017). A Framework for Character Education in Schools. University of Birmingham.
Karto, Suhartono, Susetyo, Noermanzah, Maisarah, I. (2019). The Differences Ability In Writing Descriptive Texts By Using Chain Writing And Conventional Methods. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 8(10), 2718. http://www.ijstr.org/paper-references.php?ref=IJSTR-1019-24157
Keblowska, M. (2012). "The Place of Affect in Second Language Acquisition" dalam Pawlak, Mirostaw (Ed.). Second Language Learning and Teaching: New Perspective on Individual Differences in Language Learning and Teaching (pg. 157-167). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20850-8_10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20850-8_10
Khan, I. (2016). Positive Attitude and English Language Learning: Psycho-pedagogic Connections. Arab World English Journal, 7(1), 432–444. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol7no1.26 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol7no1.26
Krathwohl, D. R., Bloom, B. S., & Masia, B. B. (1974). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. Handbook II: Affective Domain. New York: David McKay Company, Inc.
Kemdikbud Republik Indonesia. (2014). Buku Guru Bahasa Inggris: When English Rings a Bell. Jakarta: Kemdikbud.
Kemdikbud Direktorat Pembinaan Sekolah Menengah Pertama Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah. (2015). Panduan Penilaian untuk Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP).
Kim, K. Harris, C. J., & Pham, L. (2018). How Character Education Impacts Teachers. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Higher Educatio, 3 (1), 45-67. https://doi.org/10.32674/jimphe.v3i1.632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jimphe.v3i1.632
Kim, D., & Kim, T.-Y. (2018). The Structural Relationship between Korean High School Students' Resilience, English Learning Motivation, English Class Attitude, and English Learning Achievement. The Modern English Society, 19(1), 120–136. https://doi.org/10.18095/meeso.2018.19.1.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18095/meeso.2018.19.1.11
Koc, E. M. (2013). Affective Characteristics and Teaching Skills of English Language Teachers: Comparing Perceptions of Elementary, Secondary and High School Students. Scientific Research, 4 (2). https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2013.42017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2013.42017
Li, L. & Luo, S. S. (2019). Development and Preliminary Validation of a Foreign Language Aptitude Test for Chinese Learners of Foreign Languages. Language Aptitude, 33–55. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315122021-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315122021-3
Maisarah, Ira, Zaim, M, Syarif, H, & Bentri, A. (2018). Designing Affective Instrument based on Scientific Approach for English Language Learning. SHS Web of Conference GC-TALE 2017 (Online), Vol. 42, 00068. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184200068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184200068
Maisarah, Ira, Zaim, M, Syarif, H, & Bentri, A. (2018). Needs of English Teachers in Designing Instrument of Affective Assessment based on Scientific Approach: A Challenge for Curriculum Development at 21st Century. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), Sixth International Conference on Languages and Arts (ICLA 2017) (Online), Vol 148. https://doi.org/10.2991/icla-17.2018.55 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/icla-17.2018.55
Markle, R. dan O'Banion, T. (2014). Assessing Affective Factors to Improve Retention and Completion. Learning Abstract, (Online), 17(11): 1-16. https://www.ets.org/s/.../pdf/learning_abstracts_markle_obanion.pdf
McCoach, D. B., Gable, R. K., & Madura, J. P. (2013). Instrument Development in the Affective Domain: School and Corporate Application (3rd ed.). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7135-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7135-6
Oja, B. D., Clopton, A. W., & Hazzaa, R. N. (2018). Assessing Student Affective Commitment and Adjustment: The Function of Social Capital. College Student Affairs Journal, 36(2), 48–62. https://doi.org/10.1353/csj.2018.0015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/csj.2018.0015
Palk, K. (2018). Middle School Teachers Attitudes Towards the Need for Student Feedback and Attitudes Towards the Impact of Feedback on Teachers Professional Development. INTED2018 Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2018.0653 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2018.0653
Sari, M.H., Susetyo, Noermanzah, Wardhana, D.E.C., Kusumaningsih, D. (2020). Understanding the Level of Students' Reading Comprehension Ability. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(5), 1848 - 1855. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080521 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080521
Muttaqin, M. F., Raharjo, T. J., & Masturi. (2018). The Implementation Main Values of Character Education of Reinforcement in Elementary School. Journal of Primary Education, 7 (1), 103-112.
Nitko, A. J. (2001). Educational Assessment of Students (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Merrill Prentice Hall.
Noermanzah & Friantary, H. (2019). Development of Competency-Based Poetry Learning Materials for Class X High Schools. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(4), 6631. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.D8855.118419 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.D8855.118419
Nufus, S. H., Gani, A., & Suhendrayatna. (2017). Pengembangan Instrument Penilaian Sikap berbasis Kurikulum 2013 pada Pembelajaran Kimia SMA. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Indonesia, 5 (1), http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/jpsi
Octova, A., Bentri, A., Putra, A., Hidayati, A., & Rahmi, U. (2014). Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 di Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidik, 5 (1). http://ejournal.unp.ac.id//index.php/penelitianpendidikan/a rticle/view/4133
Pham, J. (2015). A Student's Perspective on Assessment and the Affective Domain. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 79(8), 125. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe798125 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe798125
Piasecka, L. (2013). "What Does It Feel Like to Use English? Empirical Evidence from EFL Students" dalam Piechurska-Kuciel, Ewa & Szymanska-Czaplak, Elzbieta (Eds.). Second Language Learning and Teaching: Language in Cognition and Affect (pg. 219-237). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35305-5_13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35305-5_13
Rani, Rusilowati, A. & Ellianawati. (2010). Penerapan Peer-Assessment dalam Menilai Sikap Ilmiah Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Fisika SMA Kelas X. Seminar Nasional Fisika (Online), Universitas Negeri Semarang 2 Oktober 2010. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283244370
Riduwan. (2015). Metode dan Teknik Menyusun Tesis. Bandung: Alfabeta Bandung.
Rimland, E. (2013). Assessing Affective Learning Using A Students Response System. Libraries and the Academy Journal, 13 (4). https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2013.0037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2013.0037
Syarif, H. (2014). "The Value of Language Politeness in Education". Proceeding of the Third International Seminar on Languages and Arts (Online), UNP, October 17-18, 2014. (http: //ejournal.unp.ac.id/index .php/isla/article/view/5302/418)
Sudirman. (2019). The 21st-Century Teacher: Teacher's Competence Within the Character Education Framework Towards A Cultural-Oriented Development and Promoting Tolerance. International Education Studies, 12 (8), 21-25. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n8p21 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n8p21
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Turi, J., Sorooshian, S., Binti Mahmud, F., & Javed, Y. (2018). The Cognitive, Behavioral and Social Prospectives of Organizational Learning through Information System. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 6(3), 71. https://doi.org/10.22452/mojem.vol6no3.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22452/mojem.vol6no3.4
Undang-Undang Number 20 Tahun 2003 about Sistem Pendidikan Nasional.
Walker, M. Sims, D. & Kettlewell, K. (2017). Leading Character Education in Schools. Berkshire: National Foundation for Educational Research.
Wicaksono, T.P., Muhardjito, & Harsiati, T. (2016). Pengembangan Penilaian Sikap dengan Teknik Observasi, Self-Assessment, dan Peer-Assessment pada Pembelajaran tematik Kelas V SD Arjowinangun 02 Malang. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan, 1 (1), http://journal.um.ac.id/index. php/jptpp/article/view/ 5214
Zaim, M. (2017). Implementing Scientific Approach to Teach English at Senior High School in Indonesia. Asian Social Science, 13 (2). https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n2p33 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n2p33