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MITIGATING NATURAL DISASTER IN THE MIDST OF LIMITATIONS: HUMAN SECURITY ISSUES IN OVERCOMING THREAT OF FLOOD IN CITARUM RIVER BASIN, INDONESIA
Corresponding Author(s) : Arry Bainus
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 3 (2020): May
Abstract
Purpose: The article aims to analyze human security issues in the Citarum river basin, Indonesia, by taking the threat of flood in the Majalaya District as a case study. As the case has been increasing in recent years, wave the flood has become an inevitable source of fear for people living in the Citarum river basin in the rainy season. Environmental pollution due to massive industrialization, land function change, especially in the upstream area, and the absence of proper disaster mitigation from local government are problematized in this research.
Methodology: Using the Human Security point of view, the article tries to show people’s perspectives in defining security and overcoming threats, especially relating to flood in the Citarum river basin. As for the method, the research uses a qualitative approach with a study case as an analytical strategy. We interviewed some informants who live in Majalaya District and found secondary data from the government’s and society’s documents and analyze it by using the Human Security approach.
Principal Findings: This article shows how the society’s recognition and feeling on the environmental threat and organizes a limited community-based disaster mitigation system, which is called the ‘JagaBalai’ community, as an effort to build internal resilience and to overcome the risk and fear coming from the flood.
Implications/Applications: The findings of this research contribute to the literature on Human Security concerns, especially those related to its elements of freedom of fear related to natural disasters or any other environmental issues.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The current study fills the gap in the existing body of literature by analyzing the dynamics between an individual’s perspective and the state as a source of security in the Majalaya District, Indonesia, by using Human Security approach. This approach can be useful to describe the degree of disaster victims’ perceptions of fear and security and their relationship to government policies.
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- Adi, S. (2013). Characterization of flash flood disaster in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology,15(1), 42-51.
- Alexandra, L.A. (2015).Perception of Human Security: Indonesian View, in Human Security in Practice: East Asia Experiences JICA-RI Working Paper, No. 99. Tokyo: JICA Research Institute.
- Aljazeera. (2018). Indonesia’s most polluted river. https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/101east /2018/05/indonesia-polluted-river-180502051143231.html
- Bambals, R. (2015). Human security: An analytical tool for disaster perception research. Disaster Prevention and Management, 24 (2), 150-65. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-06-2014-0106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-06-2014-0106
- Cuyugan, A. B. S., Agus, G. E., Dasig Jr., D. D. Nidea, M. A., Claricia, E. E., Taduyo, M. A. B., & Camacho, E. J. (2017). In aid of community policy and framework development: A sustainable integrated community advancement program. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(2), 87-95, https://doi.org/10.26500/JARSSH-02-2017-0202 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26500/JARSSH-02-2017-0202
- Detiknews. (2018). Ribuanrumah di Majalaya, Ibun, danPasehterendambanjir(Thousands of Houses in Majalaya, Ibun, and Paseh are Flooded). https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-3882239/ribuan-rumah-di-majalaya-ibun-dan-paseh-bandung-terendam-banjir
- Hamdani, D. (2017). SeandainyaBanjirBandangGarutTerjangMajalaya, SeberapaSiapkah Kita? (If the flood BandangGarut Lunge Majalaya, How ready are we?). https://www.balebandung.com/seandainya-banjir-bandang-garut-terjang-majalaya-seberapa-siapkah-kita/
- Hamdani, D. (2019). BanjirBandangMenghantuiMajalayaJika SK 25 TidakDicabut(Flash floods haunt Majalaya if Decree 25 is not revoked). https://wartapalaindonesia.com/banjir-bandang-menghantui-majalaya-jika-sk25-tidak-dicabut/
- Hassani, W. (2016). Flood disaster risk analysis in Majalaya district, Bandung Regency (Unpublished master dissertation). Department of Geography Studies, UniversitasPendidikan Indonesia.
- Hidayat, F. (2019). Dialog MasyarakatMajalayadengan BBWS CitarumTentangNormalisasiSingai CitarumBerjalanKondusif(Dialogue of Majalaya community with BBWS Citarum about normalization of Citarumriver running conductively). https://bandungside.com/2019/08/dialog-masyarakat-majalaya-dengan-bbws-citarum-tentang-normalisasi-sungai-citarum-berjalan-kondusif/
- Indonesian Central Board of Statistics. (2018). MajalayadalamAngka 2018 (Majalaya District in Figures 2018). https://bandungkab.bps.go.id/publication/2018/09/26/8374839e8bcef227ba6b7b0e/kecamatan-majalaya-dalam-angka-2018.html
- JagaBalaiFanpage[JagaBalaiFanpage]. (2019). BanjirMajalaya(Majalaya’s Flooding) [Facebook]. https://www.face book.com/jagabalai/photos/banjir-majalaya-22-23-feb-2018-sumber-1-hujan-area-ibun-dan-cikawao-durasi1-jam-/507771089624141/
- Jimba, M., Hubbard, S., Sase, E., Suzuki, T., and Otsuka, K. (2011). Human security approaches for disaster recovery and resilience. JMAJ, 54 (5), pp. 38-341, http://www.med.or.jp/english/journal/pdf/2011_05/338_341.pdf.
- Junnaedhi, I, Riawan, E., Suwarman, R., Hadi, T. W., Lubis, A., Trilaksono, N. J. … Setiawan, W. (2017). Majalaya flood early warning system: A community based aproach. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.71, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/71/1/012013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/71/1/012013
- Kompas.com. (2019).Banjir di Kabupaten Bandung memaksaratusanwargamengungsi(Floods in Bandung Regency forced hundreds of residents to evacuate). https://regional.kompas.com/read/2019/03/08/05421901/banjir-di-kabupaten-bandung-memaksa-ratusan-warga-mengungsi
- Kontan.co.id. (2019).BNPB: WargaBaleendahdanMajalayaterkenabanjir 10 kali dalamsetahun(BNPB: Baleendah and Majalaya residents affected by flood 10 times a year). Retrieved from:https://regional.kontan.co.id/news/bnpb-warga-baleendah-dan-majalaya-terkena-banjir-10-kali-dalam-setahun. (Accessed 20 September 2019).
- Kunjana, G. (2018). Penangananbanjircitarummasihbersifat sporadic (Citarum flood management still sporadic). https://investor.id/archive/penanganan-banjir-citarum-masih-bersifat-sporadi.s
- Martin, M. & Owen, T (ed). (2014). Routledge Handbook of Human Security. Oxon: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315885926 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315885926
- Muin, S. F., Boer, R., &Suharnoto, Y. (2015). Flood modeling and analysis of losses due to flood disasters in the Upper Citarum watershed.Jurnal Tanah danIkliim, Vol 39 (2),
- O’Brien, K. &Leichenko, R. (2007). Human security, vulnerability, and sustainable adaptation (Human Development Report 2007/2008). New York, NY: UNDP.
- Pitsuwan, S. and Caballero-Anthony, M. (2014). Human Security in Southeast Asia: 20 years in Review. Asian Journal of Peacebuilding, 2(2), 199-215, http://hdl.handle.net/10371/93637. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18588/201411.000028
- Pramata, A. (2018). Citarum flood management still sporadic. https://merahputih.com/post/read/penanganan-banjir-citarum-masih-bersifat-sporadis
- Purwanto&Purba, C. S. (2017). Legal aid compliance for poor local community. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(6), 363-370. https://doi.org/10.26500/JARSSH-02-2017-0604 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26500/JARSSH-02-2017-0604
- Sato, J. (2010). Matching goods and people: Aid and human security after he 2004 tsunami. Development in Practice, 20(1), 70-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520903436943 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520903436943
- Sharraz. (2019). Hujan yang MenerorMajalaya(The rain is terrorizing Majalaya). http://www.fixindonesia.com/hujan-yang-meneror-majalaya/
- Sriboonyaponrat, P. (2016). The implementation process of the public policy to promote and develop the quality of life of the disabled in Thailand as carried out by the ministry of social development and human security. International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 2(6), 198-202. https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.2.20001-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.2.20001-6
- Suryana, Setiawan, A., &Oktapiana, S. (2018). Flood mitigation by the community in Bojong village, Majalaya district, Bandung Regency. Geoarea/JurnalGeografi, 1(2), 54-64.
- The Diplomat. ‘Indonesia’s citarum: The world’s most polluted river’. https://thediplomat.com/2018/04/indonesias-citarum-the-worlds-most-polluted-river/
- UNDP. (1994). Human development report. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/repo rts/255/hdr_1994_e n_complete_nostats.pdf
- Wibowo, P., &Zamzamy, A. (2015). Failed state and threats to human security. International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 1(4), 140-146. https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.20002-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.20002-4
- World Bank. (2016). Building Indonesia’s resilience to disaster: Experiences from mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in Indonesia program. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/318951507036249300/pdf/106245-REVISED-PUBLIC-Building-Indonesia-s-Resilience-to-Disaster.pdf
References
Adi, S. (2013). Characterization of flash flood disaster in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology,15(1), 42-51.
Alexandra, L.A. (2015).Perception of Human Security: Indonesian View, in Human Security in Practice: East Asia Experiences JICA-RI Working Paper, No. 99. Tokyo: JICA Research Institute.
Aljazeera. (2018). Indonesia’s most polluted river. https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/101east /2018/05/indonesia-polluted-river-180502051143231.html
Bambals, R. (2015). Human security: An analytical tool for disaster perception research. Disaster Prevention and Management, 24 (2), 150-65. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-06-2014-0106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-06-2014-0106
Cuyugan, A. B. S., Agus, G. E., Dasig Jr., D. D. Nidea, M. A., Claricia, E. E., Taduyo, M. A. B., & Camacho, E. J. (2017). In aid of community policy and framework development: A sustainable integrated community advancement program. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(2), 87-95, https://doi.org/10.26500/JARSSH-02-2017-0202 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26500/JARSSH-02-2017-0202
Detiknews. (2018). Ribuanrumah di Majalaya, Ibun, danPasehterendambanjir(Thousands of Houses in Majalaya, Ibun, and Paseh are Flooded). https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-3882239/ribuan-rumah-di-majalaya-ibun-dan-paseh-bandung-terendam-banjir
Hamdani, D. (2017). SeandainyaBanjirBandangGarutTerjangMajalaya, SeberapaSiapkah Kita? (If the flood BandangGarut Lunge Majalaya, How ready are we?). https://www.balebandung.com/seandainya-banjir-bandang-garut-terjang-majalaya-seberapa-siapkah-kita/
Hamdani, D. (2019). BanjirBandangMenghantuiMajalayaJika SK 25 TidakDicabut(Flash floods haunt Majalaya if Decree 25 is not revoked). https://wartapalaindonesia.com/banjir-bandang-menghantui-majalaya-jika-sk25-tidak-dicabut/
Hassani, W. (2016). Flood disaster risk analysis in Majalaya district, Bandung Regency (Unpublished master dissertation). Department of Geography Studies, UniversitasPendidikan Indonesia.
Hidayat, F. (2019). Dialog MasyarakatMajalayadengan BBWS CitarumTentangNormalisasiSingai CitarumBerjalanKondusif(Dialogue of Majalaya community with BBWS Citarum about normalization of Citarumriver running conductively). https://bandungside.com/2019/08/dialog-masyarakat-majalaya-dengan-bbws-citarum-tentang-normalisasi-sungai-citarum-berjalan-kondusif/
Indonesian Central Board of Statistics. (2018). MajalayadalamAngka 2018 (Majalaya District in Figures 2018). https://bandungkab.bps.go.id/publication/2018/09/26/8374839e8bcef227ba6b7b0e/kecamatan-majalaya-dalam-angka-2018.html
JagaBalaiFanpage[JagaBalaiFanpage]. (2019). BanjirMajalaya(Majalaya’s Flooding) [Facebook]. https://www.face book.com/jagabalai/photos/banjir-majalaya-22-23-feb-2018-sumber-1-hujan-area-ibun-dan-cikawao-durasi1-jam-/507771089624141/
Jimba, M., Hubbard, S., Sase, E., Suzuki, T., and Otsuka, K. (2011). Human security approaches for disaster recovery and resilience. JMAJ, 54 (5), pp. 38-341, http://www.med.or.jp/english/journal/pdf/2011_05/338_341.pdf.
Junnaedhi, I, Riawan, E., Suwarman, R., Hadi, T. W., Lubis, A., Trilaksono, N. J. … Setiawan, W. (2017). Majalaya flood early warning system: A community based aproach. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.71, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/71/1/012013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/71/1/012013
Kompas.com. (2019).Banjir di Kabupaten Bandung memaksaratusanwargamengungsi(Floods in Bandung Regency forced hundreds of residents to evacuate). https://regional.kompas.com/read/2019/03/08/05421901/banjir-di-kabupaten-bandung-memaksa-ratusan-warga-mengungsi
Kontan.co.id. (2019).BNPB: WargaBaleendahdanMajalayaterkenabanjir 10 kali dalamsetahun(BNPB: Baleendah and Majalaya residents affected by flood 10 times a year). Retrieved from:https://regional.kontan.co.id/news/bnpb-warga-baleendah-dan-majalaya-terkena-banjir-10-kali-dalam-setahun. (Accessed 20 September 2019).
Kunjana, G. (2018). Penangananbanjircitarummasihbersifat sporadic (Citarum flood management still sporadic). https://investor.id/archive/penanganan-banjir-citarum-masih-bersifat-sporadi.s
Martin, M. & Owen, T (ed). (2014). Routledge Handbook of Human Security. Oxon: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315885926 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315885926
Muin, S. F., Boer, R., &Suharnoto, Y. (2015). Flood modeling and analysis of losses due to flood disasters in the Upper Citarum watershed.Jurnal Tanah danIkliim, Vol 39 (2),
O’Brien, K. &Leichenko, R. (2007). Human security, vulnerability, and sustainable adaptation (Human Development Report 2007/2008). New York, NY: UNDP.
Pitsuwan, S. and Caballero-Anthony, M. (2014). Human Security in Southeast Asia: 20 years in Review. Asian Journal of Peacebuilding, 2(2), 199-215, http://hdl.handle.net/10371/93637. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18588/201411.000028
Pramata, A. (2018). Citarum flood management still sporadic. https://merahputih.com/post/read/penanganan-banjir-citarum-masih-bersifat-sporadis
Purwanto&Purba, C. S. (2017). Legal aid compliance for poor local community. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(6), 363-370. https://doi.org/10.26500/JARSSH-02-2017-0604 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26500/JARSSH-02-2017-0604
Sato, J. (2010). Matching goods and people: Aid and human security after he 2004 tsunami. Development in Practice, 20(1), 70-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520903436943 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520903436943
Sharraz. (2019). Hujan yang MenerorMajalaya(The rain is terrorizing Majalaya). http://www.fixindonesia.com/hujan-yang-meneror-majalaya/
Sriboonyaponrat, P. (2016). The implementation process of the public policy to promote and develop the quality of life of the disabled in Thailand as carried out by the ministry of social development and human security. International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 2(6), 198-202. https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.2.20001-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.2.20001-6
Suryana, Setiawan, A., &Oktapiana, S. (2018). Flood mitigation by the community in Bojong village, Majalaya district, Bandung Regency. Geoarea/JurnalGeografi, 1(2), 54-64.
The Diplomat. ‘Indonesia’s citarum: The world’s most polluted river’. https://thediplomat.com/2018/04/indonesias-citarum-the-worlds-most-polluted-river/
UNDP. (1994). Human development report. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/repo rts/255/hdr_1994_e n_complete_nostats.pdf
Wibowo, P., &Zamzamy, A. (2015). Failed state and threats to human security. International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 1(4), 140-146. https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.20002-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.20002-4
World Bank. (2016). Building Indonesia’s resilience to disaster: Experiences from mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in Indonesia program. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/318951507036249300/pdf/106245-REVISED-PUBLIC-Building-Indonesia-s-Resilience-to-Disaster.pdf