Authors retain the copyright without restrictions for their published content in this journal. HSSR is a SHERPA ROMEO Green Journal.
Publishing License
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of
POLICY OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES IN BANGKA BELITUNG: A STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
Corresponding Author(s) : Kismartini
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 4 (2020): July
Abstract
Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this article was to categorize and identify the role of stakeholders in the development of SEZs policy. Furthermore, the researchers set limits on the development of SEZs policy in Tanjung Gunung and Sungailiat.
Methodology: This article used qualitative research with approach Participatory Action Research (PAR). The data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observation, and a literature study about the focus of research. The researchers also conducted focus group discussions with related agencies or institutions within the Bangka Belitung Province Government, Bangka Regency, and Central Bangka Regency.
Main Findings: The results indicate that many stakeholders are involved in the SEZs policy from within both the central government and local governments. In addition, there are additional key stakeholders namely central government as represented by National Council . The primary stakeholders are local governments, and the secondary stakeholders are the mining entrepreneurs and the wider community.
Application of this study: The importance of stakeholder analysis is to resolve any that arise in the development of SEZ policies in Bangka Belitung. Moreover, stakeholder analysis can help to limit the issues that can be solved in ways that are technically applicable and politically appropriate by prioritizing the common interests and greater good.
Novelty/Originality: No specific research discussing the SEZ policy in Bangka Belitung, especially stakeholder analysis, has been conducted before. Stakeholder analysis identifies policy actors to realize the development of SEZs policy in Bangka Belitung which environmental friendly.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Ackermann, F., & Eden, C. (2011). Strategic Management of Stakeholders: Theory and Practice. Long Range Planning, 44(3), 179–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2010.08.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2010.08.001
- Aggarwal, A. (2012). Social and economic impact of SEZs in India. Ofxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077275.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077275.001.0001
- Ahmed, B. (2019). Environmental governance and sustainable development in Bangladesh: millennium development goals and sustainable development goals. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 41(4), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2019.1698930 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2019.1698930
- Alkon, M. (2018). Do special economic zones induce developmental spillovers? Evidence from India’s states. World Development, 107, 396–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.02.028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.02.028
- Bank, W. (2008). Special Economic Zones: Learned, Lessons, Learned, and Implications for Zone Development. Washington, DC.
- Baskara, K. A., Hendarto, R. M., & Susilowati, I. (2017). Economic ’ s valuation of marine protected area ( MPA ) of Karimunjawa , Jepara-Indonesia. AACL Bloflux, 10(6), 1554–1568.
- Bayu, D. J. (2018). Dua Daerah di Bangka Belitung Bakal Jadi Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus. Retrieved January 12, 2020, from https://katadata.co.id/berita/2018/11/05/dua-daerah-di-bangka-belitung-bakal-jadi-kawasan-ekonomi-khusus
- Berthi, R., Sulistyaningsih, T., & Hadi, K. (2018). Government Cooperation (Study of the Cooperation between the Central and Regional Governments in the Development of Tourism Priority Destinations in Tanjung Kelayang, Bangka Belitung). Journal of Local Government Issues, 1(2), 202. https://doi.org/10.22219/logos.vol1.no2.202-225 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22219/LOGOS.Vol1.No2.202-225
- Bryson, J. M. (2004). What to do when stakeholders matter: Stakeholder Identificatixon and analysis techniques. Public Management Review, 6(1), 21–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719030410001675722 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14719030410001675722
- Cipta, H. (2017). Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus dan Potensi Pariwisata Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Taushiyah, 12(1), 1–18.
- Clarkson, M. E. (1995). a Stakeholder Framework for Analyzing and Evaluating Corporate Social Performance. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 92–117. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9503271994 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9503271994
- Creswell, J., & Clark, V. P. (2010). The foundations of mixed methods research. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research.
- Darimani, A., Akabzaa, T. M., & Attuquayefio, D. K. (2013). Effective environmental governance and outcomes for gold mining in Obuasi and Birim North Districts of Ghana. Mineral Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-013-0036-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-013-0036-2
- Darwance, Nugroho, S., & Yokotami. (2017). Strategi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam Dalam Pengaturan Pertimahan Di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung : Dari Zaman Voc Hingga. 2017, 536–549. Jember: Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Call For Paper Ekonomi dan Bisnis (SNAPER-EBIS 2017).
- De Vita, G., Lagoke, O., & Adesola, S. (2016). Nigerian oil and gas industry local content development: A stakeholder analysis. Public Policy and Administration, 31(1), 51–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076715581635 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076715581635
- deLeon, P. (1990). Participatory Policy Analysis: Prescriptions and Precautions. Asian Journal of Public Administration, 12(1), 29–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/02598272.1990.10800227 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02598272.1990.10800227
- Dutta, A., & Das, S. (2020). Adoption of grid-connected solar rooftop systems in the state of Jammu and Kashmir: A stakeholder analysis. Energy Policy, 140(May 2019), 111382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111382 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111382
- Erman, E. (2008). Deregulasi tata niaga timah dan pembuatan negara bayangan lokal; Studi kasus Bangka. In G. V. K. Henk Schulte Nordholt & (Ed.), Politik lokal di Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
- Erman, E. (2010). Aktor, akses dan politik lingkungan di pertambangan timah Bangka. Masyarakat Indonesia, 36(2), 71–101. https://doi.org/10.14203/jmi.v36i2.640
- Farole, T., & Akinci, G. (2011). The Special Economic Zones: Progress, Emerging Challenges, and Future Directions. In The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8763-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8763-4
- Forum, W. E. (WEF). (2012). The global competitiveness report 2011-2012. In World Economic Forum (Vol. 5). https://doi.org/92-95044-35-5
- Freeman, E. (1984). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman.
- Friana, H. (2018). Penetapan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus di Babel Terkendala Tambang. Retrieved January 10, 2020, from https://tirto.id/penetapan-kawasan-ekonomi-khusus-di-babel-terkendala-tambang-c9dc
- Friedman, A. L., & Miles, S. (2002). Developing stakeholder theory. Journal of Management Studies, 39(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00280 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00280
- Global Green Growth Institute. (2015). Mewujudkan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Hijau untuk Indonesia yang Sejahtera. Jakarta: Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Nasional.
- Ibrahim. (2016). Bangka Tin , and the Collapse of the State. GSTF Journal of Law and Social Sciences (JLSS). https://doi.org/10.5176/2251-2853 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5176/2251-2853
- Indonesia, C. (2018). Rencana Dua KEK Pariwisata di Babel Terganjal Pertambangan. Retrieved April 4, 2020, from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20181105150443-92-344113/rencana-dua-kek-pariwisata-di-babel-terganjal-pertambangan
- Kasmono. (2020). Bupati Bangka berharap Ketua DPD RI mampu wujudkan KEK Pariwisata. Retrieved January 16, 2020, from https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1240559/bupati-bangka-berharap-ketua-dpd-ri-mampu-wujudkan-kek-pariwisata
- Kismartini,K., Pujiyono, Bambang. (2020). Collaborative Management Model Tanjung Lesung Tourism in Pandeglang District, Banten Province, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.302spl12-516 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.302spl12-516
- Kurniawan, N. I., Azizah, N., Wardhani, I. S., Djindan, M., Arti, W. C., Putri, P. S., & Cahyati, D. D. (2019). Pariwisata Sebagai Strategi Transisi Ekonomi Pasca Timah di Pulau Belitung.
- Lingga, D., & Pratomo, W. (2013). Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Pengembangan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Sei Mangkei Sebagai Klaster Industri. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan, 1(2), 13–20.
- Lubis, M. S. W. (2020). Realisasi Dua Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus di Bangka Didukung Perda. Sumatra.Bisnis.Com. Retrieved September 9, 2020, from https://sumatra.bisnis.com/read/20200716/534/1267263/realisasi-dua-kawasan-ekonomi-khusus-di-bangka-didukung-perda
- MacArthur, J. (1997). Stakeholder analysis in project planning: Origins, applications and refinements of the method. Project Appraisal, 12(4), 251–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/02688867.1997.9727068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02688867.1997.9727068
- MacDonald, C. (2012). Understanding PAR A Qualitative Research Methodology option. Canadian Journal of Action Research, 13(2), 34–50.
- Marta, Auradian; Agustino, Leo; Suwaryo, Utang; Sulaeman, A. (2019). Oil Palm Plantation Development in Riau Province: An Overview of The Political Economy. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, 17(2), 128–144. https://doi.org/10.14710/jis.17.2.2018.128
- Muhleisen, J., & Mukherjee, I. (2016). Policy analysis: a rich array of country and comparative insights. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 38(3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2016.1217663 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2016.1217663
- Ntim, C. G. (2017). Defining Corporate Governance: Shareholder Versus Stakeholder Models. In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3132-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3132-1
- OECD. (2017). Tracking Special Economic Zones in The Western Balkans.
- Pirwanda, F., & Pirngadie, B. H. (2015). Dampak Kegiatan Tambang Timah Inkonvensional Terhadap Perubahan Guna Lahan di Kabupaten Belitung. Jurnal Planologi Unpas.
- Prasetya, Z. W., & Firmansyah. (2019). Identifikasi Potensi Wisata Pantai Rampak Guna Mendukung Rencana Pengembangan Calon Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus di Kecamatan Sungailiat [Universitas Pasundan]. http://repository.unpas.ac.id/43212/
- Pratama, R. (2020). KEK Tanjung Gunung Terhambat gara-gara IUP PT Timah, Kini Dokumen Selesai Tinggal Tunggu Presiden. Retrieved from https://bangka.tribunnews.com/2020/01/03/kek-tanjung-gunung-terhambat-gara-gara-iup-pt-timah-kini-dokumen-selesai-tinggal-tunggu-presiden
- Purnaweni, H., Kismartini, Prabawani, B., & Roziqin, A. (2019). Bangka Belitung Islands: Great Potencies of Massive Environmental Impacts. E3S Web of Conferences, 125(23), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912509008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912509008
- Purnaweni, H., Kismartini, Prabwani, B., & Roziqin, A. (2019). Politics and Business : The Policy on Tin Mining in Bangka. International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs, 4(3), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.24088/IJBEA-2019-43004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24088/IJBEA-2019-43004
- Rif’ah, N. (2016). Hotel Resor di Pantai Tanjung Berikat, Bangka. Retrieved January 13, 2020, from http://eprints.undip.ac.id/50702/2/NENY_RIF%27_AH_21020112130125_BAB_I.pdf
- Rizalsan, A., & Juwono, V. (2020). Ekonomi Khusus Tanjung Kelayang Policy Implementation Of Tanjung Kelayang Special Economic Zone. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 16(2), 159–178. https://doi.org/10.2458/jba.v16i2.676 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v16i2.676
- Roziqin, A. (2018). Environmental Policy of Mangroves Management in Rembang Regency. E3S Web of Conferences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183109002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183109002
- Sugiyono. (2016). Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta.
- Sujitno, S. (2007). Dampak Kehadiran Timah Indonesia Sepanjang Sejarah. Jakarta: Cempaka Publishing.
- Tuokuu, F. X. D., Idemudia, U., Gruber, J. S., & Kayira, J. (2019). Linking stakeholder perspectives for environmental policy development and implementation in Ghana’s gold mining sector: Insights from a Q-methodology study. Environmental Science and Policy, 97(April), 106–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.03.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.03.015
- Wahyuni, S., Sri Astuti, E., & Karina Miaprajna, U. (2013). Critical Outlook at Special Economic Zone in Asia : A Comparison Between Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and China. 28(3), 336–346.
- Wang, J., & Aenis, T. (2019). Stakeholder analysis in support of sustainable land management: Experiences from southwest China. Journal of Environmental Management, 243(April), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.007
- Wardhani, R. S., & Valeriani, D. (2016). Green Tourism Dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Bangka Belitung. Green Tourism Dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Bangka Belitung, 275–286.
- West, J. P., & Bowman, J. S. (2004). Stakeholder Analysis of Civil Service Reform in Florida: A Descriptive, Instrumental, Normative Human Resource Management Perspective. State and Local Government Review, 36(1), 20–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323x0403600102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X0403600102
- Yang, Z., Wang, Y., & Liu, Z. (2019). Improving socially inclusive development in fast urbanized area: Investigate livelihoods of immigrants and non-immigrants in Nansha Special Economic Zone in China. Habitat International, 86(November 2018), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.02.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.02.005
- Yustisi, M. J. (2018). Analisis Stakeholders Dalam Pengelolaan Objek Wisata Gili Trawangan di Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Jurnal Tata Sejuta STIA Mataram, 4(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.32666/tatasejuta.v4i1.27 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32666/tatasejuta.v4i1.27
References
Ackermann, F., & Eden, C. (2011). Strategic Management of Stakeholders: Theory and Practice. Long Range Planning, 44(3), 179–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2010.08.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2010.08.001
Aggarwal, A. (2012). Social and economic impact of SEZs in India. Ofxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077275.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077275.001.0001
Ahmed, B. (2019). Environmental governance and sustainable development in Bangladesh: millennium development goals and sustainable development goals. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 41(4), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2019.1698930 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2019.1698930
Alkon, M. (2018). Do special economic zones induce developmental spillovers? Evidence from India’s states. World Development, 107, 396–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.02.028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.02.028
Bank, W. (2008). Special Economic Zones: Learned, Lessons, Learned, and Implications for Zone Development. Washington, DC.
Baskara, K. A., Hendarto, R. M., & Susilowati, I. (2017). Economic ’ s valuation of marine protected area ( MPA ) of Karimunjawa , Jepara-Indonesia. AACL Bloflux, 10(6), 1554–1568.
Bayu, D. J. (2018). Dua Daerah di Bangka Belitung Bakal Jadi Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus. Retrieved January 12, 2020, from https://katadata.co.id/berita/2018/11/05/dua-daerah-di-bangka-belitung-bakal-jadi-kawasan-ekonomi-khusus
Berthi, R., Sulistyaningsih, T., & Hadi, K. (2018). Government Cooperation (Study of the Cooperation between the Central and Regional Governments in the Development of Tourism Priority Destinations in Tanjung Kelayang, Bangka Belitung). Journal of Local Government Issues, 1(2), 202. https://doi.org/10.22219/logos.vol1.no2.202-225 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22219/LOGOS.Vol1.No2.202-225
Bryson, J. M. (2004). What to do when stakeholders matter: Stakeholder Identificatixon and analysis techniques. Public Management Review, 6(1), 21–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719030410001675722 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14719030410001675722
Cipta, H. (2017). Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus dan Potensi Pariwisata Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Taushiyah, 12(1), 1–18.
Clarkson, M. E. (1995). a Stakeholder Framework for Analyzing and Evaluating Corporate Social Performance. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 92–117. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9503271994 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9503271994
Creswell, J., & Clark, V. P. (2010). The foundations of mixed methods research. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research.
Darimani, A., Akabzaa, T. M., & Attuquayefio, D. K. (2013). Effective environmental governance and outcomes for gold mining in Obuasi and Birim North Districts of Ghana. Mineral Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-013-0036-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-013-0036-2
Darwance, Nugroho, S., & Yokotami. (2017). Strategi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam Dalam Pengaturan Pertimahan Di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung : Dari Zaman Voc Hingga. 2017, 536–549. Jember: Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Call For Paper Ekonomi dan Bisnis (SNAPER-EBIS 2017).
De Vita, G., Lagoke, O., & Adesola, S. (2016). Nigerian oil and gas industry local content development: A stakeholder analysis. Public Policy and Administration, 31(1), 51–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076715581635 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076715581635
deLeon, P. (1990). Participatory Policy Analysis: Prescriptions and Precautions. Asian Journal of Public Administration, 12(1), 29–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/02598272.1990.10800227 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02598272.1990.10800227
Dutta, A., & Das, S. (2020). Adoption of grid-connected solar rooftop systems in the state of Jammu and Kashmir: A stakeholder analysis. Energy Policy, 140(May 2019), 111382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111382 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111382
Erman, E. (2008). Deregulasi tata niaga timah dan pembuatan negara bayangan lokal; Studi kasus Bangka. In G. V. K. Henk Schulte Nordholt & (Ed.), Politik lokal di Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Erman, E. (2010). Aktor, akses dan politik lingkungan di pertambangan timah Bangka. Masyarakat Indonesia, 36(2), 71–101. https://doi.org/10.14203/jmi.v36i2.640
Farole, T., & Akinci, G. (2011). The Special Economic Zones: Progress, Emerging Challenges, and Future Directions. In The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8763-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8763-4
Forum, W. E. (WEF). (2012). The global competitiveness report 2011-2012. In World Economic Forum (Vol. 5). https://doi.org/92-95044-35-5
Freeman, E. (1984). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman.
Friana, H. (2018). Penetapan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus di Babel Terkendala Tambang. Retrieved January 10, 2020, from https://tirto.id/penetapan-kawasan-ekonomi-khusus-di-babel-terkendala-tambang-c9dc
Friedman, A. L., & Miles, S. (2002). Developing stakeholder theory. Journal of Management Studies, 39(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00280 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00280
Global Green Growth Institute. (2015). Mewujudkan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Hijau untuk Indonesia yang Sejahtera. Jakarta: Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Nasional.
Ibrahim. (2016). Bangka Tin , and the Collapse of the State. GSTF Journal of Law and Social Sciences (JLSS). https://doi.org/10.5176/2251-2853 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5176/2251-2853
Indonesia, C. (2018). Rencana Dua KEK Pariwisata di Babel Terganjal Pertambangan. Retrieved April 4, 2020, from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20181105150443-92-344113/rencana-dua-kek-pariwisata-di-babel-terganjal-pertambangan
Kasmono. (2020). Bupati Bangka berharap Ketua DPD RI mampu wujudkan KEK Pariwisata. Retrieved January 16, 2020, from https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1240559/bupati-bangka-berharap-ketua-dpd-ri-mampu-wujudkan-kek-pariwisata
Kismartini,K., Pujiyono, Bambang. (2020). Collaborative Management Model Tanjung Lesung Tourism in Pandeglang District, Banten Province, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.302spl12-516 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.302spl12-516
Kurniawan, N. I., Azizah, N., Wardhani, I. S., Djindan, M., Arti, W. C., Putri, P. S., & Cahyati, D. D. (2019). Pariwisata Sebagai Strategi Transisi Ekonomi Pasca Timah di Pulau Belitung.
Lingga, D., & Pratomo, W. (2013). Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Pengembangan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Sei Mangkei Sebagai Klaster Industri. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan, 1(2), 13–20.
Lubis, M. S. W. (2020). Realisasi Dua Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus di Bangka Didukung Perda. Sumatra.Bisnis.Com. Retrieved September 9, 2020, from https://sumatra.bisnis.com/read/20200716/534/1267263/realisasi-dua-kawasan-ekonomi-khusus-di-bangka-didukung-perda
MacArthur, J. (1997). Stakeholder analysis in project planning: Origins, applications and refinements of the method. Project Appraisal, 12(4), 251–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/02688867.1997.9727068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02688867.1997.9727068
MacDonald, C. (2012). Understanding PAR A Qualitative Research Methodology option. Canadian Journal of Action Research, 13(2), 34–50.
Marta, Auradian; Agustino, Leo; Suwaryo, Utang; Sulaeman, A. (2019). Oil Palm Plantation Development in Riau Province: An Overview of The Political Economy. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, 17(2), 128–144. https://doi.org/10.14710/jis.17.2.2018.128
Muhleisen, J., & Mukherjee, I. (2016). Policy analysis: a rich array of country and comparative insights. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 38(3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2016.1217663 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2016.1217663
Ntim, C. G. (2017). Defining Corporate Governance: Shareholder Versus Stakeholder Models. In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3132-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3132-1
OECD. (2017). Tracking Special Economic Zones in The Western Balkans.
Pirwanda, F., & Pirngadie, B. H. (2015). Dampak Kegiatan Tambang Timah Inkonvensional Terhadap Perubahan Guna Lahan di Kabupaten Belitung. Jurnal Planologi Unpas.
Prasetya, Z. W., & Firmansyah. (2019). Identifikasi Potensi Wisata Pantai Rampak Guna Mendukung Rencana Pengembangan Calon Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus di Kecamatan Sungailiat [Universitas Pasundan]. http://repository.unpas.ac.id/43212/
Pratama, R. (2020). KEK Tanjung Gunung Terhambat gara-gara IUP PT Timah, Kini Dokumen Selesai Tinggal Tunggu Presiden. Retrieved from https://bangka.tribunnews.com/2020/01/03/kek-tanjung-gunung-terhambat-gara-gara-iup-pt-timah-kini-dokumen-selesai-tinggal-tunggu-presiden
Purnaweni, H., Kismartini, Prabawani, B., & Roziqin, A. (2019). Bangka Belitung Islands: Great Potencies of Massive Environmental Impacts. E3S Web of Conferences, 125(23), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912509008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912509008
Purnaweni, H., Kismartini, Prabwani, B., & Roziqin, A. (2019). Politics and Business : The Policy on Tin Mining in Bangka. International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs, 4(3), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.24088/IJBEA-2019-43004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24088/IJBEA-2019-43004
Rif’ah, N. (2016). Hotel Resor di Pantai Tanjung Berikat, Bangka. Retrieved January 13, 2020, from http://eprints.undip.ac.id/50702/2/NENY_RIF%27_AH_21020112130125_BAB_I.pdf
Rizalsan, A., & Juwono, V. (2020). Ekonomi Khusus Tanjung Kelayang Policy Implementation Of Tanjung Kelayang Special Economic Zone. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 16(2), 159–178. https://doi.org/10.2458/jba.v16i2.676 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v16i2.676
Roziqin, A. (2018). Environmental Policy of Mangroves Management in Rembang Regency. E3S Web of Conferences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183109002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183109002
Sugiyono. (2016). Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Sujitno, S. (2007). Dampak Kehadiran Timah Indonesia Sepanjang Sejarah. Jakarta: Cempaka Publishing.
Tuokuu, F. X. D., Idemudia, U., Gruber, J. S., & Kayira, J. (2019). Linking stakeholder perspectives for environmental policy development and implementation in Ghana’s gold mining sector: Insights from a Q-methodology study. Environmental Science and Policy, 97(April), 106–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.03.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.03.015
Wahyuni, S., Sri Astuti, E., & Karina Miaprajna, U. (2013). Critical Outlook at Special Economic Zone in Asia : A Comparison Between Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and China. 28(3), 336–346.
Wang, J., & Aenis, T. (2019). Stakeholder analysis in support of sustainable land management: Experiences from southwest China. Journal of Environmental Management, 243(April), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.007
Wardhani, R. S., & Valeriani, D. (2016). Green Tourism Dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Bangka Belitung. Green Tourism Dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Bangka Belitung, 275–286.
West, J. P., & Bowman, J. S. (2004). Stakeholder Analysis of Civil Service Reform in Florida: A Descriptive, Instrumental, Normative Human Resource Management Perspective. State and Local Government Review, 36(1), 20–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323x0403600102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X0403600102
Yang, Z., Wang, Y., & Liu, Z. (2019). Improving socially inclusive development in fast urbanized area: Investigate livelihoods of immigrants and non-immigrants in Nansha Special Economic Zone in China. Habitat International, 86(November 2018), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.02.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.02.005
Yustisi, M. J. (2018). Analisis Stakeholders Dalam Pengelolaan Objek Wisata Gili Trawangan di Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Jurnal Tata Sejuta STIA Mataram, 4(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.32666/tatasejuta.v4i1.27 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32666/tatasejuta.v4i1.27