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THE INTONATION PATTERN OF INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON THE LEARNING OF MAHÄ€RAH AL-KALÄ€M AMONG ARABIC LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDENTS
Corresponding Author(s) : Tulus Musthofa
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 3 (2020): May
Abstract
Purpose: Ideally, students as future educators of the Arabic language are required to possess competent language skills. However, it was discovered that the students were still lacking knowledge and skills in speaking with accurate intonation. Therefore, the researchers aimed to analyze the application of the intonation pattern to the students. This research examined the intonation pattern of interrogative sentences of Arabic Education students and its acceptance by native speakers as well as its implications on the learning of mahÄrah al-kalÄm.
Methodology: Data sources in this research consisted of primary data and secondary data. Documentation, interview, and observation methods were used for data collection. The data was processed digitally with the Praat version 6.1.01 program.
Main Findings: The results were that students could apply the intonation pattern of Arabic interrogative sentences and were accepted by native speakers with varied acceptance values.
Implications/Applications: The implications of the learning mahÄrah al-kalÄm demonstrated that students and lecturers could apply the principles and fulfil the components of Arabic in general.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Inaccuracy in concluding by listeners of messages delivered by speakers can occur due to misperceptions caused by the use of unsuitable intonation patterns. The inaccuracy in applying this intonation pattern also occurs in the speech of Arabic education students. However, currently, there is no research that further inquiries the results obtained in the realm of foreign language education, particularly on speaking skills. This study has investigated the application of the interrogative sentence intonation patterns spoken by students and their implications for learning speaking skills.
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- Abdul Hakim, W. D. (1998). Al-Nabr wa al-TanghÄ«m fÄ« al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyah (DirÄsah Waá¹£fiyah WadzÄ«fiyah)(Unpublished thesis).Universitas Abu Bakar Belkaid Madinah, Tlemcen, Algeria.
- Abdullah, N. H., Laily Ramli, N. H., & Rafek, M. (2017). Mass lecture in language learning: What do the boys and girls think? Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 115-123. https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-3.2.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-3.2.5
- Afriani, S. H. (2015). Analysis of perception intonation tests of command sentences by Japanese speakers.Tamaddun, UIN Raden Fatah Palembang, 15(1), 149-170.
- Al-khresheh, M. (2010). Interlingual interference in the English language word order structure of Jordanian EFL learners. European Journal of Social Sciences, 16(1), 106-113.
- Al-khresheh, M. (2011). An investigation of interlingual interference in the use of 'and' as a syntactic coordinating structure by Jordanian EFL learners.European Journal of Social Sciences, 18 (3), 426-433.
- Al-khresheh, M. (2015). A review study of interlanguage theory. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 4 (3), 124 - 131. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.4n.3p.123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.4n.3p.123
- Al-khresheh, M. (2016A). A review study of error analysis theory. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, 2, 49-59. https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-2.6.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-2.6.5
- Al-khresheh, M. (2016B). A review study of contrastive analysis theory.Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2 (6), 330-338. https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-2.6.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-2.6.5
- Al-khresheh, M., Khaerurrozikin, A.,& Zaid, A. (2020). The efficiency of using pictures in teaching speaking skills of non-native Arabic beginner students. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8 (2). https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080318 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080318
- Ammon, U. (2004). Sociolinguistics: An international handbook of the science of language and society. (2nd ed.).Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110141894.1
- Basyar, K. M. (1980). Knowledge of the mother's face.Cairo, Egypt: Dar al-Ma'arif.
- Cook, V. (1991). Second language learning and language teaching. London: Edward Arnold.
- Fahrurrozi, A. (2014). Learning Arabic: Problems and solutions.Arabiyat Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/a.v1i2.1137 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/a.v1i2.1137
- Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power (1st ed.). Longman Inc.: New York.
- Hamers, J. F., & Blanc, M. (2000). Bilingualism and bilingualism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511605796 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511605796
- Heath, J. (2005). The Arabic language and national identity: A study in ideology. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 15(2), 281-283. https://doi.org/10.1525/jlin.2005.15.2.281 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/jlin.2005.15.2.281
- Husseinali, G. (2006). Who is studying Arabic and why? A survey of Arabic students' orientations at a major university. Foreign Language Annals, 2, (39), 395-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2006.tb02896.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2006.tb02896.x
- Irawan, Y. (2011). Contrast the interrogative Sundanese declarative sentence intonation (Unpublished thesis). Postgraduate Studies University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
- Mufrodi.(2015). Egyptian phonology and morphology of Egyptian amiyah.ArabiyatJurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/a.v2i2.2184 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/a.v2i2.2184
- Nababan, M. et. al. (2012). The development of translation quality assessment. The Study of Linguistics and Literature, 24(1), 39-57.
- Nasution, A. S. A. (2009). It was built with the share of the 'Arabic stroke of knowledge. Jakarta, Indonesia: Amzah.
- Nurbayan, Y. (2008). Arabic learning methodology. Bandung, Indonesia: Zein Al Bayan.
- Pike, K. L. (1964). Tone languages: a technique for determining the number and the type of pitch contrasts in languages with studies in tonemic substitution and fusion (unpublished thesis). The University of Michigan Press, Michigan, MI:
- Ramli, N. A., Mezah, C. R., & Thai, Y. N. (2016). Malay student mastery of sound pressure pronounces Arabic words of the angular intensity. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 14(1), 1-14.
- Rosyidi, A. W. (2016). Application of the Nabr and TanghÄ«m Pattern in MahÄrahAl-kalÄm Indonesian students.Lingua Jurnal Bahasa Arab, 11(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/ling.v11i1.3438
- Svoboda, M. & Zagar-Sostaric, P. (2019). The challenges of learning and teaching German (as a foreign/second) language in times of migration. International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 5(1), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.5.10003-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.5.10003-1
- Syahid, A. H. (2015). Arabic as a second language (Theoretical study of obtaining the Arabic language in non-native students).Arabiyat Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban, 2(1), 86-97. https://doi.org/10.15408/a.v2i1.1797 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/a.v2i1.1797
- Umam, C. (1980). Fundamental aspects of learning Arabic.Bandung, Indonesia: Al Ma'arif.
- Wagner, J. & Nesselhauf, N. (2006). Collocations in a learner corpus. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.14 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.14
- Wekke, I. S. & Hamid, S. (2013). Technology on Language Teaching and Learning: A Research on Indonesian Pesantren. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 83, 585–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.111
References
Abdul Hakim, W. D. (1998). Al-Nabr wa al-TanghÄ«m fÄ« al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyah (DirÄsah Waá¹£fiyah WadzÄ«fiyah)(Unpublished thesis).Universitas Abu Bakar Belkaid Madinah, Tlemcen, Algeria.
Abdullah, N. H., Laily Ramli, N. H., & Rafek, M. (2017). Mass lecture in language learning: What do the boys and girls think? Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 115-123. https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-3.2.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-3.2.5
Afriani, S. H. (2015). Analysis of perception intonation tests of command sentences by Japanese speakers.Tamaddun, UIN Raden Fatah Palembang, 15(1), 149-170.
Al-khresheh, M. (2010). Interlingual interference in the English language word order structure of Jordanian EFL learners. European Journal of Social Sciences, 16(1), 106-113.
Al-khresheh, M. (2011). An investigation of interlingual interference in the use of 'and' as a syntactic coordinating structure by Jordanian EFL learners.European Journal of Social Sciences, 18 (3), 426-433.
Al-khresheh, M. (2015). A review study of interlanguage theory. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 4 (3), 124 - 131. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.4n.3p.123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.4n.3p.123
Al-khresheh, M. (2016A). A review study of error analysis theory. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, 2, 49-59. https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-2.6.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-2.6.5
Al-khresheh, M. (2016B). A review study of contrastive analysis theory.Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2 (6), 330-338. https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-2.6.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-2.6.5
Al-khresheh, M., Khaerurrozikin, A.,& Zaid, A. (2020). The efficiency of using pictures in teaching speaking skills of non-native Arabic beginner students. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8 (2). https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080318 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080318
Ammon, U. (2004). Sociolinguistics: An international handbook of the science of language and society. (2nd ed.).Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110141894.1
Basyar, K. M. (1980). Knowledge of the mother's face.Cairo, Egypt: Dar al-Ma'arif.
Cook, V. (1991). Second language learning and language teaching. London: Edward Arnold.
Fahrurrozi, A. (2014). Learning Arabic: Problems and solutions.Arabiyat Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/a.v1i2.1137 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/a.v1i2.1137
Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power (1st ed.). Longman Inc.: New York.
Hamers, J. F., & Blanc, M. (2000). Bilingualism and bilingualism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511605796 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511605796
Heath, J. (2005). The Arabic language and national identity: A study in ideology. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 15(2), 281-283. https://doi.org/10.1525/jlin.2005.15.2.281 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/jlin.2005.15.2.281
Husseinali, G. (2006). Who is studying Arabic and why? A survey of Arabic students' orientations at a major university. Foreign Language Annals, 2, (39), 395-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2006.tb02896.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2006.tb02896.x
Irawan, Y. (2011). Contrast the interrogative Sundanese declarative sentence intonation (Unpublished thesis). Postgraduate Studies University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Mufrodi.(2015). Egyptian phonology and morphology of Egyptian amiyah.ArabiyatJurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/a.v2i2.2184 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/a.v2i2.2184
Nababan, M. et. al. (2012). The development of translation quality assessment. The Study of Linguistics and Literature, 24(1), 39-57.
Nasution, A. S. A. (2009). It was built with the share of the 'Arabic stroke of knowledge. Jakarta, Indonesia: Amzah.
Nurbayan, Y. (2008). Arabic learning methodology. Bandung, Indonesia: Zein Al Bayan.
Pike, K. L. (1964). Tone languages: a technique for determining the number and the type of pitch contrasts in languages with studies in tonemic substitution and fusion (unpublished thesis). The University of Michigan Press, Michigan, MI:
Ramli, N. A., Mezah, C. R., & Thai, Y. N. (2016). Malay student mastery of sound pressure pronounces Arabic words of the angular intensity. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 14(1), 1-14.
Rosyidi, A. W. (2016). Application of the Nabr and TanghÄ«m Pattern in MahÄrahAl-kalÄm Indonesian students.Lingua Jurnal Bahasa Arab, 11(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/ling.v11i1.3438
Svoboda, M. & Zagar-Sostaric, P. (2019). The challenges of learning and teaching German (as a foreign/second) language in times of migration. International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 5(1), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.5.10003-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.5.10003-1
Syahid, A. H. (2015). Arabic as a second language (Theoretical study of obtaining the Arabic language in non-native students).Arabiyat Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban, 2(1), 86-97. https://doi.org/10.15408/a.v2i1.1797 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/a.v2i1.1797
Umam, C. (1980). Fundamental aspects of learning Arabic.Bandung, Indonesia: Al Ma'arif.
Wagner, J. & Nesselhauf, N. (2006). Collocations in a learner corpus. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.14 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.14
Wekke, I. S. & Hamid, S. (2013). Technology on Language Teaching and Learning: A Research on Indonesian Pesantren. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 83, 585–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.111