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ICT IN OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION: A TOOL FOR LEARNER SUPPORT SERVICES AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Corresponding Author(s) : Gagan Singh
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 5 (2020): September
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to highlight the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in open and distance learning system of education at Uttarakhand Open University. This paper also highlights the best practices of ICT in learner support services offered by the University and areas of distinctiveness in utilizing ICT applications.
Methodology: This study is a descriptive-analytical in nature and adopts a case-study approach in presenting the various ICT facilities offered by the Uttarakhand Open University at its Headquarters, Regional Centers, and Learning Support Centers. It has been carried out to examine the role of ICT in Open and Distance Learning to strengthen the learner support services and analyze the best practices of ICT offered by the University.
Main Findings: The huge increase in online enrollments has been noticed from the year 2015-16 to 2019-20. Simultaneously the noticeable growth has been noted in total enrollments from urban and as well as from rural areas due to University e-services and support.
Applications of this study: This study helps all the Institutions of Higher Education, especially for the Open and Distance Learning Institutions. The applications of ICT in education increase in the Gross Enrollment Ratio and also reduces the skill gap among institutions of higher education. During this study, author(s) found that the optimal utilization of ICT in Open and Distance Learning Institution, can reduce the complexity of physical data handling at headquarters and leads fast decision making towards learner support strategies, etc.
Originality: This study describes the various initiatives taken by the University regarding the use of ICT to facilitate learner support services, and also strengthen the reachability of higher education to the remotest areas of the state. This study highlights recommendations for Open and Distance Learning Institutions to the optimal utilization of ICT applications.
Keywords
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References
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Ahmed, M. U., Hussain, S. & Farid, S. (2018). Factors Influencing the Adoption of e-Learning in an Open and Distance Learning Institution of Pakistan. The Electronic Journal of e-Learning. 16(2), 148-158.
Awadhiya, A. K., Miglani, A., & Gowthaman, K. (2014). ICT Usage by Distance Learners in India. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE. 15(3), 242-253. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.52135 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.52135
Bilgic, H. G. & Tuzun, H. (2020). Issues and Challenges In Web-Based Distance Education Programs In Turkish Higher Education Institutes. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE. 21(1), 143-164. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.690385 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.690385
Bordoloi, R. (2018). Transforming and empowering higher education through Open and Distance Learning in India. Asian Association of Open Universities Journal, 13(1), 24-36. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAOUJ-11-2017-0037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/AAOUJ-11-2017-0037
Cleveland-Innes, M., Gauvreau, S., Richardson, G., Mishra, S. & Ostashewsk, N. (2019). Technology-Enabled Learning and the Benefits and Challenges of Using the Community of Inquiry Theoretical Framework. International Journal of E-Learning and & Distance Eduation. 34(1).
Das, P., & Bordoloi, R. (2012). Effectiveness of Open and Distance Education and the Relevance of ICT: A North-East Indian Perspective. Information and Knowledge Management, 2(1), 38-45.
Djouab, R. & Bari, M. (2016). An ISO 9126 Based Quality Model for the e-Learning Systems. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 6(5), 370-375. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJIET.2016.V6.716 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7763/IJIET.2016.V6.716
Dutta, I. (2016). Open Educational Resources (OER): Opportunities and Challenges for Indian Higher Education. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, 17(2), 110-121. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.34669 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.34669
Echenique, E. G., Molias, L. M. & Bullen, M. (2015). Students in higher education: Social and academic uses of digital technology. Universities and Knowledge Society Journal, 12(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.7238/rusc.v12i1.2078 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7238/rusc.v12i1.2078
FAN, Mei-ying (2019). Analysis of Learning Opportunities for Online Forms in Blended Learning, 4th International Conference on Education and Social Development (ICESD 2019). ISBN: 978-1-60595-621-3.
Ghosh, A. (2009). Student Support Services with Special Reference to Netaji Subhas Open University. Asian Association of Open Universities Journal. 4(2), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAOUJ-04-02-2009-B001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/AAOUJ-04-02-2009-B001
Gulati, S. (2008). Technology-Enhanced Learning in Developing Nations: A review. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 9(1). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v9i1.477 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v9i1.477
Hasan, L. (2014). Evaluating the Usability of Educational Websites Based on Students’ Preferences of Design Characteristics. International Arab Journal of e-Technology. 3(4), 258-269.
Hrehova, D. & Teplicka, K. (2020). The Information communication technology is a tool of global education-web of Conferences 74, Globalization and its Socio-Economic Consequences, published by EDP Sciences (2020). https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207406008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207406008
Hunte, S. (2012). First Time Online Learners’ Perceptions of Support Services Provided. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, 13(2), 180-197.
Infante-Moro, A., Infante-Moro, J. & Gallardo-Perez, J. (2019). The Importance of ICTs for Students as a Competence for their Future Professional Performance: The Case of the Faculty of Business Studies and Tourism of the University of Huelva. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research. 8(2), 201-213. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2019.7.434 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2019.7.434
Jabar, M. A., Usman, A. U. & Awal, A. (2013). Assessing the Usability of University Websites from Users’ Perspective. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(10).
Kabir, F. S. & Kadage, A. T. (2017). ICTs and Educational Development: The Utilization of Mobile Phones in Distance Education in Nigeria. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, 18(1), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.285716 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.285716
Kahn, P., Everington, L., Kelm, K., Reid, I. , & Watkins, F. (2017). Understanding student engagement in online learning environments: the role of reflexivity. Education Tech Research Dev. Vol. 65, 203-218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-016-9484-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-016-9484-z
Kauffman, (2015). A review of predictive factors of student success in and satisfaction with online learning. Research in Learning Technology. 23, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. https://doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v23.26507 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v23.26507
Lloyd, S. A., Byrne, M. M. and McCoy, T. S. (2012). Faculty-Perceived Barriers of Online Education. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 8(1).
Manzoor, M., Hussain W., Ahmed A., and Iqbal M. J. (2012). The Importance of Higher Education Websites and its Usability. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 1(2), 150-163. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v1i2.73 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v1i2.73
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Ohei, N. K. & Brink, R. (2019). A framework development for the adoption of information and communication technology web technologies in higher education systems. South African Journal of Information Management. 21(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajim.v21i1.1030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajim.v21i1.1030
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Padmo, D., Idrus, O. & Ardiasih, L. S. (2019). The Utilization of Mobile Devices for Improving Access to Online Learning for Distance Education’s Students. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE. 20(2), 147-161. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.557858 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.557858
Paliwal, D. (2019). Reaching the unreached through open and distance learning in India of Uttarakhand. Asian Association of Open Universities Journal, 14(1), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAOUJ-01-2019-0005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/AAOUJ-01-2019-0005
Permatasari, H. P., Harlena, S., Erlangga, D. & Chandra, R. (2013). Effect of Social Media on Website Popularity: Differences between Public and Private Universities in Indonesia. World of Computer Science and Information Technology Journal (WCSIT). 3(2), 32 - 37.
Poldoja, H. (2016). The Structure and Components for the Open Education Ecosystem. Aalto University publication series, Finland. ISBN 978-952-60-6993-7.
Rahman, H. (2014). The Role if ICT in Open and Distance Education. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE. 15(4), 162-169. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.47700 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.47700
Raspopovic, M., Cvetanovic, S., Medan, I. & Ljubojevic, D. (2017). The Effects of Integrating Social Learning Environment with Online Learning. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning. 18(1). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v18i1.2645 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v18i1.2645
Roy, S., Pattnaik, P. K. & Mall, R. (2014). A quantitative approach to evaluate usability of academic websites based on human perception. Egyptian Informatics Journal. 15, 159–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eij.2014.08.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eij.2014.08.002
Sarkar, S. (2012). The Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Higher Education for the 21st century. The Science Probe. 1(1), 30-40.
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Sridharan, B., Deng, H. & Corbitt, B. (2010). Critical success factors in eâ€learning ecosystems: a qualitative study. Journal of Systems and Information Technology. 12(4), 263-288. https://doi.org/10.1108/13287261011095798 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13287261011095798
Sumande, C. T., Castolo, C. L. & Comendador, B. E. V. (2016). The ICT Level of Confidence of Course Specialists in Distance Education: The Polytechnic University of The Philippines Experience. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE. 17(4), 175-189. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.25498 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.25498
Undu, A. and Akuma, S. (2018). Investigating the Usability of a University Website from the Users’ Perspective: An Empirical Study of Benue State University Website. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Computer and Information Engineering. 12(10).
Wingo, N. P., Ivankova, N. V., & Moss, J. A. (2017). Faculty perceptions about teaching online: exploring the literature using the technology acceptance model as an organizing framework. Online Learning. 21(1), 15-35. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v21i1.761 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v21i1.761
Wong, Lily (2013). Student Engagement with Online Resources and Its Impact on Learning Outcomes. Journal of Information Technology Education. Vol. 12. https://doi.org/10.28945/1829 DOI: https://doi.org/10.28945/1829
Zuhairi, A., Karthikeyan, N. and Priyadarshana, S. T. (2020). Supporting students to succeed in open and distance learning in the Open University of Sri Lanka and Universitas Terbuka Indonesia. Asian Association of Open Universities Journal. 15(1), 13-35. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAOUJ-09-2019-0038 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/AAOUJ-09-2019-0038
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CEC, UGC (n.d.). Consortium for Educational Communication- An Autonomous inter-University Centre of University Grant Commission on Electronic Media, viewed 18 December 2019, http://www.cec.nic.in/cec/aboutcec.
Commonwealth of Learning (2020). Keeping the doors of learning open COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.col.org/resources/keeping-doors-learning-open-covid-19%C2%A0
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