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ROLE OF INTELLECTUALS IN TRIBAL POLICIES OF REZA SHAH REGIME: A STUDY FOCUSING ON THE BAKHTIARI AND QASHQAEI TRIBE
Corresponding Author(s) : Arman Heidari
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 4 (2020): July
Abstract
Purpose of the study: Following the entrance of Reza Shah into Iran’s political scene, the Persian archaist and nationalist intellectuals started to support him. These intellectuals believed that only through a central government with a Persian Nationalism could establish a united national nation-state in Iran. They played a key role in paving the path for the formation of a united nation-state and tackling the existing barriers before its path, e.g. the semi-autonomous traditional tribal governments, through establishing parties, societies, and newspapers and various activities in the administrative and bureaucratic domains. This is an issue which has not been discussed almost by no one of the scholars who have conducted studies on Iran.
Methodology: The present study has been undertaken based on the method of historical sociology and through the use of the library sources.
Results: In this way, the intellectuals who were supporters of the ancient Persian nationalism persuaded Reza Shah to adopt a radical military approach against the tribes. They consecrated Reza Shah and did not miss any opportunity to humiliate the tribes in every possible form. In fact, the pro-ancient Persian nationalism intellectuals had their own personal strategies for the destruction of the semi-independent governments.
Applications of this study: This article plays a prefund role in studying the history of recent Iran.
Novelty of the study: The Novelty of the study is in investigating the historical sociology and using various sources.
Keywords
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- Abbasi Servak L. (2009). History and Activities of Nomadic Education in Iran, Tehran: Maraveh Asr, 18(6), 33-40.
- Abrahamian Y. (2012). Iran between two Revolutions, trans. Ahmad Gold Moahmmadi and Mohammad Ibrahim Fattahi. Ney Press, 15(1): 49-51.
- Abrahamıan E. (1982). Iran between Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press, 6(4): 90-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400844098
- Aron R. (2003). Fundamental Stages of the Evolution of Sociological Thought, Tehran. Elmi Farhangi Press, 17(1), 185-198.
- Afshar M. (1925). Problem of Nationality and National Unity in Iran. Journal of Ayandeh, 8(1), 23-28.
- Bahman Beigi M. (2007). If there was no Qara Qaj, Shiraz. Takhte Jamshid, 14(9), 141-148.
- Cottam R. (1992). Nationalism in Iran, trans. Ahmad Tadayyon. first edition, Tehran: Kavir, 10(6): 327-340.
- Cronin J. (2014), England and Bakhtiari. Tehran: Institute for the Sutdies of the History of Contemporary Iran, 28(4), 148-157.
- Douglas W. (1998). Wonderful Land, Trans Fereydoon Sanjar. Tehran: Gottenborg Press, 14(3), 163-175.
- Entekhabi N. (2011). Nationalism and Modernity in Iran and Turkey. First Edition, Tehran: Negare Aftab, 20(1): 159-167.
- Foran J. (2015). Fargile Resistance: History of Social Changes in Iran: From Safavid Era to the Post-Revolution Years, trans. Ahmad Tadyyon, 6(9), 15-29.
- Goodarzi G. (2008). Unfinished Modernity of Iranian Intellectuals. Tehran: Akhtarn, 12(6), 16-17.
- Gramsci A. (1971). Selections from Prison Notebooks, trans. ed. and introduction. Q. Hoare and G. N. Smith New York: International Publishers, pp. 519-526.
- Husam F. (2003). Social Government and Forces in the Era of Pahlavi I. Islamic Republic Documents Center, 10(6), 122-123.
- Ivanov Sergei J. (2016). Nomads of the South (Nomads of Fars) Qashqaei, Khamseh, Kohgiluyeh, Mamasani, trans. Keivan Pahlavan, Masoomeh Rad, Aron Press, pp. 4-6.
- Jahanbaglou F. (2002). Idea of Freedom and Introduction to Constitutionalism Movement (n., Sokhan), 8(3): 117-136.
- Kaveh D. (1921). Iran’s War Troops, year One, 9(3): pp. 12-19.
- Kazemzadeh Iranshahr H. (1923). Iranian Teachings and Teachers. Iranshahr, 2(4), 12-18.
- Manheim D. (1995). The Qashqa'I of Iran. Yale Univ Pr, 22(3), 412-430.
- Nazari A. (2007), Nationalism and Iranian Identity: Case Study of Pahlavi I, Journal of Law and Politics, 9(22): 143-151.
- Oberling S. (2004). State and Government in Iran; colonialism and capitalism. Amir Kabir Press. 201
- Peyman H. (1968). Analytical description of the economic and cultural structure of Qashqaei tribe. Tehran University Press: Institute for Health Studies, 18(6), 148-159.
- Pur Bakhtiar G. (2008). Bakhtiaris in Contemporary History of Iran. Islamic Azad University Press, Masjed Soleimann, 15(2), 158-170.
- Shirazi A. (2016). Iranianhood, Nationality and Ethnicity. Tehran: Jahane Ketab Cultural and Artistic Institute, 11(3), 727-280.
- Sartre J. (2001). In Defense of Intellectuals, trans. Mohammad Eftekhari, Agah Press, pp. 36-64.
References
Abbasi Servak L. (2009). History and Activities of Nomadic Education in Iran, Tehran: Maraveh Asr, 18(6), 33-40.
Abrahamian Y. (2012). Iran between two Revolutions, trans. Ahmad Gold Moahmmadi and Mohammad Ibrahim Fattahi. Ney Press, 15(1): 49-51.
Abrahamıan E. (1982). Iran between Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press, 6(4): 90-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400844098
Aron R. (2003). Fundamental Stages of the Evolution of Sociological Thought, Tehran. Elmi Farhangi Press, 17(1), 185-198.
Afshar M. (1925). Problem of Nationality and National Unity in Iran. Journal of Ayandeh, 8(1), 23-28.
Bahman Beigi M. (2007). If there was no Qara Qaj, Shiraz. Takhte Jamshid, 14(9), 141-148.
Cottam R. (1992). Nationalism in Iran, trans. Ahmad Tadayyon. first edition, Tehran: Kavir, 10(6): 327-340.
Cronin J. (2014), England and Bakhtiari. Tehran: Institute for the Sutdies of the History of Contemporary Iran, 28(4), 148-157.
Douglas W. (1998). Wonderful Land, Trans Fereydoon Sanjar. Tehran: Gottenborg Press, 14(3), 163-175.
Entekhabi N. (2011). Nationalism and Modernity in Iran and Turkey. First Edition, Tehran: Negare Aftab, 20(1): 159-167.
Foran J. (2015). Fargile Resistance: History of Social Changes in Iran: From Safavid Era to the Post-Revolution Years, trans. Ahmad Tadyyon, 6(9), 15-29.
Goodarzi G. (2008). Unfinished Modernity of Iranian Intellectuals. Tehran: Akhtarn, 12(6), 16-17.
Gramsci A. (1971). Selections from Prison Notebooks, trans. ed. and introduction. Q. Hoare and G. N. Smith New York: International Publishers, pp. 519-526.
Husam F. (2003). Social Government and Forces in the Era of Pahlavi I. Islamic Republic Documents Center, 10(6), 122-123.
Ivanov Sergei J. (2016). Nomads of the South (Nomads of Fars) Qashqaei, Khamseh, Kohgiluyeh, Mamasani, trans. Keivan Pahlavan, Masoomeh Rad, Aron Press, pp. 4-6.
Jahanbaglou F. (2002). Idea of Freedom and Introduction to Constitutionalism Movement (n., Sokhan), 8(3): 117-136.
Kaveh D. (1921). Iran’s War Troops, year One, 9(3): pp. 12-19.
Kazemzadeh Iranshahr H. (1923). Iranian Teachings and Teachers. Iranshahr, 2(4), 12-18.
Manheim D. (1995). The Qashqa'I of Iran. Yale Univ Pr, 22(3), 412-430.
Nazari A. (2007), Nationalism and Iranian Identity: Case Study of Pahlavi I, Journal of Law and Politics, 9(22): 143-151.
Oberling S. (2004). State and Government in Iran; colonialism and capitalism. Amir Kabir Press. 201
Peyman H. (1968). Analytical description of the economic and cultural structure of Qashqaei tribe. Tehran University Press: Institute for Health Studies, 18(6), 148-159.
Pur Bakhtiar G. (2008). Bakhtiaris in Contemporary History of Iran. Islamic Azad University Press, Masjed Soleimann, 15(2), 158-170.
Shirazi A. (2016). Iranianhood, Nationality and Ethnicity. Tehran: Jahane Ketab Cultural and Artistic Institute, 11(3), 727-280.
Sartre J. (2001). In Defense of Intellectuals, trans. Mohammad Eftekhari, Agah Press, pp. 36-64.