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HARMONIZING CULTURAL DIPLOMACY AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF TRADITIONAL CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS: CASE STUDY ON I LA GALIGO THEATRICAL PERFORMANCE
Corresponding Author(s) : Laina Rafianti
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 4 (2020): July
Abstract
Purpose: Indonesia is protecting Traditional Cultural Expressions (TCEs) by communal Copyright Law. In the case of I La Galigo, performers used one of Bugis's ancient literary works on theatre. Bugis people believe that there was a misappropriation of Bugis culture. This paper evaluates how cultural diplomacy gives benefit to the Bugis people and how to do Copyright law support I La Galigo theatrical performers.
Methodology: From a methodological standpoint, this paper used both a normative and ethnography-legal research approach in data collection.
Main Findings: Any society in Indonesia including the Bugis people has the freedom to preserve and develop their cultural values.
Implications/Applications: The importance of harmonizing implementing legislation in protecting performers of traditional cultural expressions is very much needed. TCEs inscription as defending protection, its dissemination including cultural diplomacy, and its utilization become three chains supporting each other for the treatment of TCEs in the future.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The research of I La Galigo theatrical performance in legal particularly traditional cultural expressions perspective has never been done by other researchers.
Keywords
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- Afolayan, M. S., & Oniyinde, O. A. (2019). Interviews and Questionnaires as Legal Research Instruments. Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization, 83, 51–59. https://doi.org/10.7176/JLPG DOI: https://doi.org/10.7176/JLPG
- Andilolo, M. G. (2018). Transkrip Wawancara Mohammad Gentille Andilolo 21 Oktober 2018.
- Ang, I., Isar, Y. R., & Mar, P. (2015). Cultural diplomacy: Beyond the national interest? International Journal of Cultural Policy, 21(4), 365–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2015.1042474 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2015.1042474
- Arnold, W. (2004). Robert Wilson Illuminates Indonesian Creation Myth - The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/07/theater/robert-wilson-illuminates-indonesian-creation-myth.html
- Atsar, A. (2017). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Ditinjau dari Undang-undang No. 5 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemajuan Kebudayaan dan Undang-undang No. 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Jurnal Law Reform, 13(2), 284. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v13i2.16162 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v13i2.16162
- Awopetu, R. (2020). In Defense of Culture : Protecting Traditional Cultural Expressions in Intellectual Property. Emory Law Journal, 69(4).
- Banco Mundial. (2011). Poverty | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. UNESCO. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/portugalspain/geres-xures/%0Ahttp://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/inter national- migration/glossary/poverty/
- Borissova, V. (2018). Cultural heritage digitization and related intellectual property issues. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 34(2017), 145–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2018.04.023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2018.04.023
- Change Performing Arts. (2011). I La Galigo. Change Performing Arts. http://www.changeperformingarts.com/shows/galigo/ilg.html
- Cohen, M. I. (2005). Performance Review: I La Galigo. Asian Theatre Journal, 22(1)(138–149). https://doi.org/10.1353/atj.2005.0002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/atj.2005.0002
- Cohen, M. I. (2019). Three Eras of Indonesian Arts Diplomacy. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde, 175(2–3), 253–283. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-17502022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-17502022
- Davies, S. G. (2015). Performing selves: The trope of authenticity and Robert Wilson's stage production of I La Galigo. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 46(3), 417–443. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463415000326 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463415000326
- Diplomacy, T. I. for C. (2013). Cultural Diplomacy Dictionary of the Academy for Cultural Diplomacy (Chakraborty, K. (Ed.)). www.academy-for-cultural-diplomacy.org
- Drahos, P. (2016). A Philosophy of Intellectual Property. ANU eText. https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n1902/pdf/book.pdf
- Drilling, T., & Drilling, M. (2019). Commercialization of Indigenous Handicrafts in Mexico as Empowerment. 10(4), 65–67.
- Ganguli, M. K., Rafianti, L., & Chaudhuri, S. K. (2019). Policy Frameworks for the Protection of Cross Border Traditional Song-Baul : A Case Study. Social Sciences & Humanities, 27(4).
- ICD. (2019). Institute for Cultural Diplomacy. http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/index.php?en_culturaldiplomacy
- Janke, T. (2018). Protecting Indigenous Cultural Expressions in Australia and New Zealand: Two Decades After the Mataatua Declaration and Our Culture, Our Future. Journal of the Intellectual and Industrial Property Society of Australia and New Zealand, 114, 21–30.
- Kartika, E. D. (2018). Perlindungan Hukum Atas Cerita Rakyat Yang Ditulis Oleh Pencipta Dalam Rangka Benefit Sharing. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 48(2), 379. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol48.no2.1669 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol48.no2.1669
- Keller, G. N. (2015). Guide on Intellectual Property (IP) Commercialization. In Committee on Development and Intellectual Property (CDIP) Sixteenth Session, Geneva, November 9 to 13, 2015. World Intellectual Property Organization. http://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/mdocs/en/cdip_11/cdip_11_summary.pdf
- Kementerian Luar Negeri R.I. (2008). Kementerian Luar Negeri Indonesia - Pertunjukan Teater Kontemporer ?I La Galigo? Asal Bugis di Milan. https://www.kemlu.go.id/id/berita/siaran-pers/Pages/Pertunjukan-Teater-Kontemporer-I-La-Galigo-Asal-Bugis-di-Milan-Italia-12-17-Februari-2008.aspx
- Ketut, N., & Dharmawan, S. (2017). Protecting Traditional Balinese Weaving Trough Copyright Law: Is It Appropriate. Diponegoro Law Review, 02(01). https://doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.2.1.2017.57-84 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.2.1.2017.57-84
- Kirchherr, J., & Charles, K. (2018). Enhancing the sample diversity of snowball samples: Recommendations from a research project on anti-dam movements in Southeast Asia. PLoS ONE, 13(8), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201710 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201710
- Kusumaningrum, R. I. (2011). Dari Tanah Asal I La Galigo; From the Heartland of I La Galigo. In I La Galigo (pp. 93–100). Change Performing Arts in partnership of Bali Purnati.
- Kusumaningrum, R. I., & Grauer, R. (2018). Transkrip Wawancara Restu Imansari Kusumaningrum 12 Oktober 2018.
- Lixinski, L. (2020). Commercializing Traditional Culture: Promises and Pitfals in the Convergence of Intellectual Property Law and Cultural Heritage Law. AIDA, 1–15.
- Mambro, E. di. (2018). Transkrip Wawancara Elisabetta di Mambro 12 Oktober 2018.
- Manggau, A. (2018). Transkrip Wawancara Arifin Manggau 16 April 2018.
- Margoni, T. (2015). The Digitisation of Cultural Heritage: Originality, Derivative Works and (Non) Original Photographs. SSRN Electronic Journal, January 2014. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2573104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2573104
- Mossoff, A. (2015). How Copyright Drives Innovation: A Case Study of Scholarly Publishing in the Digital World. SSRN, 955–988. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2243264 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2243264
- Murad, A. (2018). Transkrip Wawancara Abdul Murad 17 April 2018.
- Nurhayati Rahman Membawa Pulang “La Galigo.†(2017). Kompas. http://seni-dan-budaya-kompas.blogspot.co.id/2017/12/nurhayati-rahman-membawa-pulang-la.html
- Nwauche, E. S. (2015). The Emerging Right to Communal Intellectual Property. Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review, 19(2), 225–244. http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/iplrhttp://scholarship.law. marquette.edu/iplr/vol19/iss2/4
- Palar, M. R. A. (2018). The Protection of Intangible Cultural Resources in the Indonesian Legal System. In C. Antons & W. Logan (Eds.), Intellectual Property, Cultural Property, and Intangible Cultural Heritage (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315714288-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315714288-1
- Palar, M. R. A., Sukarsa, D. E., & Ramli, A. M. (2018). Indonesian System of Geographical Indications to Protect Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions. Journal of Intellectual Property Rights, 23, 174–193.
- Pohan, S., Pohan, H., & Nuria Savitri, I. (2017). Digital Diplomacy-Maximizing Social Media in Indonesia’s Economic and Cultural Diplomacy. 81(Icosop 2016), 372–390. https://doi.org/10.2991/icosop-16.2017.52 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/icosop-16.2017.52
- Rafianti, L. (2017). The protection of the performing arts in indonesia, including in the digital age.
- Rahman, N. (2018). Transkrip Wawancara Nurhayati Rahman 17 April 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2058802X.2018.1455392
- Sardjono, A. (2017). Symphonizing Intellectual Property Laws in the Advancement of Culture. Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 4(3), 437–453. https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v4n3.a1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v4n3.a1
- Sarumpaet, R. (2004, March). La Galigo: Panggung Megah, Miskin Makna. Kompas.
- Secretariat of the World Intellectual Property Organisation. (2019). The Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions: Draft Articles.
- Stoianoff, N. P., & Roy, A. (2015). Indigenous Knowledge and Culture in Australia The Case for Sui Generis Legislation. Monash University Law Review, 41(3). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2778462 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2778462
- Sumardjo, J. (1999). Biografi Prof. Dr. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, S.H., LL.M. In M. Komar, E. R. Agoes, & E. Damian (Eds.), Mochtar Kusumaatmadja: Pendidik&Negarawan (pp. 3–28). Alumni.
- Supanggah, R. (2016). Perlunya Penelitian Artistik dalam Pembuatan Karya: Kasus Musik I La Galigo. ISI Surakarta. http://repository.isi-ska.ac.id/630/1/research artistic. R.Supanggah.pdf
- Sutiyono, S. (2018). Phenomenological Approach in Traditional Theater Art. International Journal of Art and Art History, 6(2), 17–21. https://doi.org/10.15640/ijaah.v6n2a3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15640/ijaah.v6n2a3
- The Republic of Indonesia. (2014). Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28, 2014 of Copyright. www.indolaw.org
- Toa, R. K. C. P. A. P. (2017). La Galigo: Menurut Naskah NBG 188. Obor dan Yayasan La Galigo.
- Trisni, S.-. (2019). South Korean Government’s Role in Public Diplomacy: A Case Study of the Korean Wave Boom. Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS), 8(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.25077/ajis.8.1.31-42.2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/ajis.8.1.31-42.2019
- Undang-undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2002 tentang Hak Cipta. (2002). http://www.cric.or.jp/db/link/doc/indonesi aCopyrightLaw_bilingual.pdf
- Undang-undang R.I. Nomor 5 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemajuan Kebudayaan. (2017).
- UNESCO. (2003). Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. UNESCO.
- UNESCO. (2010). MEMORY OF THE WORLD REGISTER La Galigo ( Indonesia and The Netherlands ) Ref N ° 2010-64. UNESCO. http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/mow/nomination_form s/indonesia_netherlands_la_galigo.pdf
- W.S.P., G. N., Wibisono, M., & Supartono. (2018). Cultural Diplomacy in Supporting the National Interest and National Defense: The Study of Indonesia Arts and Culture Scholarship Program by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia. Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan, 4(3), 97–126.
- Wendland, W. (2018). International Negotiations ar WIPO on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions: Analysis of the Process So Far and Thoughts on Possible Future Directions. Intellectual Property Forum: Journal of the Intellectual and Industrial Property Society of Australia and New Zealand, 114.
- Yunus, F. (2018). Transkrip Wawancara Faisyal Yunus 23 Oktober 2018.
- Yustina, A., Isneni, N. F., & Risaldi, D. (2019). The Transition of I La Galigo Epos Into a Webtoon Serial Form As a Learning Media of Buginese Classical Literature Creation in the Digital Era. ISLLAC: Journal of Intensive Studies on Language, Literature, Art, and Culture, 3(2), 263–268.
- Zamorano, M. M. (2016). Reframing Cultural Diplomacy. Culture Unbound Journal of Current Cultural Research, 8, 166–186. https://doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1608165 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1608165
References
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Andilolo, M. G. (2018). Transkrip Wawancara Mohammad Gentille Andilolo 21 Oktober 2018.
Ang, I., Isar, Y. R., & Mar, P. (2015). Cultural diplomacy: Beyond the national interest? International Journal of Cultural Policy, 21(4), 365–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2015.1042474 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2015.1042474
Arnold, W. (2004). Robert Wilson Illuminates Indonesian Creation Myth - The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/07/theater/robert-wilson-illuminates-indonesian-creation-myth.html
Atsar, A. (2017). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Ditinjau dari Undang-undang No. 5 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemajuan Kebudayaan dan Undang-undang No. 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Jurnal Law Reform, 13(2), 284. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v13i2.16162 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v13i2.16162
Awopetu, R. (2020). In Defense of Culture : Protecting Traditional Cultural Expressions in Intellectual Property. Emory Law Journal, 69(4).
Banco Mundial. (2011). Poverty | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. UNESCO. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/portugalspain/geres-xures/%0Ahttp://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/inter national- migration/glossary/poverty/
Borissova, V. (2018). Cultural heritage digitization and related intellectual property issues. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 34(2017), 145–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2018.04.023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2018.04.023
Change Performing Arts. (2011). I La Galigo. Change Performing Arts. http://www.changeperformingarts.com/shows/galigo/ilg.html
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Diplomacy, T. I. for C. (2013). Cultural Diplomacy Dictionary of the Academy for Cultural Diplomacy (Chakraborty, K. (Ed.)). www.academy-for-cultural-diplomacy.org
Drahos, P. (2016). A Philosophy of Intellectual Property. ANU eText. https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n1902/pdf/book.pdf
Drilling, T., & Drilling, M. (2019). Commercialization of Indigenous Handicrafts in Mexico as Empowerment. 10(4), 65–67.
Ganguli, M. K., Rafianti, L., & Chaudhuri, S. K. (2019). Policy Frameworks for the Protection of Cross Border Traditional Song-Baul : A Case Study. Social Sciences & Humanities, 27(4).
ICD. (2019). Institute for Cultural Diplomacy. http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/index.php?en_culturaldiplomacy
Janke, T. (2018). Protecting Indigenous Cultural Expressions in Australia and New Zealand: Two Decades After the Mataatua Declaration and Our Culture, Our Future. Journal of the Intellectual and Industrial Property Society of Australia and New Zealand, 114, 21–30.
Kartika, E. D. (2018). Perlindungan Hukum Atas Cerita Rakyat Yang Ditulis Oleh Pencipta Dalam Rangka Benefit Sharing. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 48(2), 379. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol48.no2.1669 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol48.no2.1669
Keller, G. N. (2015). Guide on Intellectual Property (IP) Commercialization. In Committee on Development and Intellectual Property (CDIP) Sixteenth Session, Geneva, November 9 to 13, 2015. World Intellectual Property Organization. http://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/mdocs/en/cdip_11/cdip_11_summary.pdf
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Ketut, N., & Dharmawan, S. (2017). Protecting Traditional Balinese Weaving Trough Copyright Law: Is It Appropriate. Diponegoro Law Review, 02(01). https://doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.2.1.2017.57-84 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.2.1.2017.57-84
Kirchherr, J., & Charles, K. (2018). Enhancing the sample diversity of snowball samples: Recommendations from a research project on anti-dam movements in Southeast Asia. PLoS ONE, 13(8), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201710 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201710
Kusumaningrum, R. I. (2011). Dari Tanah Asal I La Galigo; From the Heartland of I La Galigo. In I La Galigo (pp. 93–100). Change Performing Arts in partnership of Bali Purnati.
Kusumaningrum, R. I., & Grauer, R. (2018). Transkrip Wawancara Restu Imansari Kusumaningrum 12 Oktober 2018.
Lixinski, L. (2020). Commercializing Traditional Culture: Promises and Pitfals in the Convergence of Intellectual Property Law and Cultural Heritage Law. AIDA, 1–15.
Mambro, E. di. (2018). Transkrip Wawancara Elisabetta di Mambro 12 Oktober 2018.
Manggau, A. (2018). Transkrip Wawancara Arifin Manggau 16 April 2018.
Margoni, T. (2015). The Digitisation of Cultural Heritage: Originality, Derivative Works and (Non) Original Photographs. SSRN Electronic Journal, January 2014. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2573104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2573104
Mossoff, A. (2015). How Copyright Drives Innovation: A Case Study of Scholarly Publishing in the Digital World. SSRN, 955–988. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2243264 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2243264
Murad, A. (2018). Transkrip Wawancara Abdul Murad 17 April 2018.
Nurhayati Rahman Membawa Pulang “La Galigo.†(2017). Kompas. http://seni-dan-budaya-kompas.blogspot.co.id/2017/12/nurhayati-rahman-membawa-pulang-la.html
Nwauche, E. S. (2015). The Emerging Right to Communal Intellectual Property. Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review, 19(2), 225–244. http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/iplrhttp://scholarship.law. marquette.edu/iplr/vol19/iss2/4
Palar, M. R. A. (2018). The Protection of Intangible Cultural Resources in the Indonesian Legal System. In C. Antons & W. Logan (Eds.), Intellectual Property, Cultural Property, and Intangible Cultural Heritage (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315714288-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315714288-1
Palar, M. R. A., Sukarsa, D. E., & Ramli, A. M. (2018). Indonesian System of Geographical Indications to Protect Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions. Journal of Intellectual Property Rights, 23, 174–193.
Pohan, S., Pohan, H., & Nuria Savitri, I. (2017). Digital Diplomacy-Maximizing Social Media in Indonesia’s Economic and Cultural Diplomacy. 81(Icosop 2016), 372–390. https://doi.org/10.2991/icosop-16.2017.52 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/icosop-16.2017.52
Rafianti, L. (2017). The protection of the performing arts in indonesia, including in the digital age.
Rahman, N. (2018). Transkrip Wawancara Nurhayati Rahman 17 April 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2058802X.2018.1455392
Sardjono, A. (2017). Symphonizing Intellectual Property Laws in the Advancement of Culture. Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 4(3), 437–453. https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v4n3.a1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v4n3.a1
Sarumpaet, R. (2004, March). La Galigo: Panggung Megah, Miskin Makna. Kompas.
Secretariat of the World Intellectual Property Organisation. (2019). The Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions: Draft Articles.
Stoianoff, N. P., & Roy, A. (2015). Indigenous Knowledge and Culture in Australia The Case for Sui Generis Legislation. Monash University Law Review, 41(3). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2778462 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2778462
Sumardjo, J. (1999). Biografi Prof. Dr. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, S.H., LL.M. In M. Komar, E. R. Agoes, & E. Damian (Eds.), Mochtar Kusumaatmadja: Pendidik&Negarawan (pp. 3–28). Alumni.
Supanggah, R. (2016). Perlunya Penelitian Artistik dalam Pembuatan Karya: Kasus Musik I La Galigo. ISI Surakarta. http://repository.isi-ska.ac.id/630/1/research artistic. R.Supanggah.pdf
Sutiyono, S. (2018). Phenomenological Approach in Traditional Theater Art. International Journal of Art and Art History, 6(2), 17–21. https://doi.org/10.15640/ijaah.v6n2a3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15640/ijaah.v6n2a3
The Republic of Indonesia. (2014). Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28, 2014 of Copyright. www.indolaw.org
Toa, R. K. C. P. A. P. (2017). La Galigo: Menurut Naskah NBG 188. Obor dan Yayasan La Galigo.
Trisni, S.-. (2019). South Korean Government’s Role in Public Diplomacy: A Case Study of the Korean Wave Boom. Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS), 8(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.25077/ajis.8.1.31-42.2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/ajis.8.1.31-42.2019
Undang-undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2002 tentang Hak Cipta. (2002). http://www.cric.or.jp/db/link/doc/indonesi aCopyrightLaw_bilingual.pdf
Undang-undang R.I. Nomor 5 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemajuan Kebudayaan. (2017).
UNESCO. (2003). Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. UNESCO.
UNESCO. (2010). MEMORY OF THE WORLD REGISTER La Galigo ( Indonesia and The Netherlands ) Ref N ° 2010-64. UNESCO. http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/mow/nomination_form s/indonesia_netherlands_la_galigo.pdf
W.S.P., G. N., Wibisono, M., & Supartono. (2018). Cultural Diplomacy in Supporting the National Interest and National Defense: The Study of Indonesia Arts and Culture Scholarship Program by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia. Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan, 4(3), 97–126.
Wendland, W. (2018). International Negotiations ar WIPO on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions: Analysis of the Process So Far and Thoughts on Possible Future Directions. Intellectual Property Forum: Journal of the Intellectual and Industrial Property Society of Australia and New Zealand, 114.
Yunus, F. (2018). Transkrip Wawancara Faisyal Yunus 23 Oktober 2018.
Yustina, A., Isneni, N. F., & Risaldi, D. (2019). The Transition of I La Galigo Epos Into a Webtoon Serial Form As a Learning Media of Buginese Classical Literature Creation in the Digital Era. ISLLAC: Journal of Intensive Studies on Language, Literature, Art, and Culture, 3(2), 263–268.
Zamorano, M. M. (2016). Reframing Cultural Diplomacy. Culture Unbound Journal of Current Cultural Research, 8, 166–186. https://doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1608165 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1608165