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INFLUENCE OF LOGICAL AND SPATIAL INTELLIGENCE ON TEACHING PEDAGOGIES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Corresponding Author(s) : Rani Gul
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 6 (2020): November
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated Logical/ Mathematical and Spatial/ Visual Intelligence of male and female teachers in secondary school and its influence on their teaching pedagogies in the subject of science and mathematics.
Methodology: Through a Likert scale questionnaire, data were collected from 252 secondary male and female schoolteachers from both rural and urban areas of district Peshawar.
For data analysis, two-way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation was used. Result found a significant gender difference in visual intelligence where females were found with high level as compared to male and the influence of professional qualification was also noticed in visual intelligence.
Results: Therefore, the study suggested that curriculum developer and policymakers need to focus on the intellectual development of teachers, to enhance their instructional abilities and professional expansion.
Implications/Applications: Besides, results showed a significant positive correlation between Logical/ Mathematical and Spatial/ Visual intelligence with their teaching pedagogies. The findings shed light that teachers’ intelligence has a foretelling effect on their pedagogies which ultimately affect students’ academic performance.
Keywords
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- Abaci, R. (2007). The relationships between university students multiple intelligence levels and some variables. International Journal of Human Sciences, 4(1), 263-268.
- Aini N A, Sunardi, Slamin and Hobri (2017). Student’s Mathematics Creative Thinking Skills in Terms of Logical Mathematical Intelligence. Int J of Sc Research and Management (IJSRM), 5, 6930-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v5i9.01
- Abdulaziz, A. (2008). Identifying faculty members' multiple intelligences in the institute of public administration Saudi Arabia. University of Arkansas.
- Akbas, A. (2004). The Effects of Multiple Intelligences Based Instruction on Sixth Graders Science Achievement and Attitudes Towards Science. METU. www.bookzz.com database.
- Al-Khatib, & Hamza. (2009). The Effectiveness of the Development Unit of the Decision of History In the Light of Multiple Intelligences on Academic Achievement and Critical Thinking in the third Grade Secondary Students In Makkah. American Journal of Psychology, 15, 201–293.
- Amirali, M., & Halai, A. (2010). Teachers’ knowledge about the nature of mathematics: A survey of secondary school teachers in Karachi, Pakistan. Bulletin of Education and Research, 32(2), 45.
- Armstrong, T. (1993). 7 Kinds of Smart: Identifying and Developing Your Many Intelligences: Plume.
- Armstrong, T. (1994). Multiple Intelligences: Seven Ways to Approach Curriculum. Educational Leadership, 52(3), 26-28.
- Armstrong, T. (1998). Awakening genius in the classroom: ASCD.
- Armstrong, T. (1999). 7 Kinds of Smart: Identifying and Developing Your Multiple Intelligences: Plume Books.
- Armstrong, T. (2000). In their way: Discovering and encouraging your child's multiple intelligences: Penguin.
- Ali, M. S., Suliman, M. I., Kareem, A., & Iqbal, M. (2009). Comparison of gender performance on an intelligence test among medical students. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad, 21(3), 163-165.
- Asha, I.,Sen, G., & George, A. (2007). Systematic hierarchies and systemic failures: Gender and health inequities in Koppal District. Economic and Political Weekly, 682-690.
- Baran, A. (2000). Üniversite öğrencilerinin çoklu yetenek-öğrenme stilleri ile benlik saygısı ve sürekli kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Samsun.
- Brooks, R. A. (1995). Intelligence without reason. The artificial life route to artificial intelligence: Building embodied, situated agents, 25-81. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351001885-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351001885-2
- Campbell, B. (1992). Multiple intelligences in action. Childhood Education, 68(4), 197-201. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.1992.10520874 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.1992.10520874
- Campbell, B. (1994). The multiple intelligences handbook: Lesson plans and more: Campbell & Assoc Incorporated.
- Campbell, J. P. (1996). Group differences and personnel decisions: Validity, fairness, and affirmative action. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 49(2), 122-158. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.0038 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.0038
- Checkley, K. (1997). The first seven... and the eighth a conversation with Howard Gardner. Educational Leadership, 55, 8-13.
- Christison, M. A. (1996). Teaching and Learning Languages through Multiple Intelligences. Tesol Journal, 6(1), 10-14.
- Coskungonullu, R. (1998). The effects of multiple intelligences theory on 5th graders’ mathematics ability. Unpublished masters’ thesis, Middle East Technical University, Institute of Social Sci-, Middle East Technical University, Institute of Social Sci-Middle East Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara.
- Denig, S. (2004). Multiple intelligences and learning styles: Two complementary dimensions. The Teachers College Record, 106(1), 96-111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2004.00322.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2004.00322.x
- Dickinson, D., Campbell, B., & Campbell, B. (1996). Teaching & Learning Through Multiple Intelligences. New York: ISBN.
- Douglas, O., Burton, K. S., & Reese-Durham, N. (2008). The effects of the multiple intelligence teaching strategies on the academic achievement of eighth-grade math students. Journal of instructional psychology, 35(2), 182-188.
- Durmaz, H., & Ozyıldırım, H. (2005). To investigate the relationship between science and the chemistry classroom teaching students towards fields with multiple intelligences and attitudes chemistry and success in the Turkish language... Faculty of Education Journal, Gazi University Kırsehir, 6(1), 67-76.
- Elibol, O. (2000). Evaluation of Multiple Intelligence Theory of kindergarten children by age group of Six. Ankara Hacettepe University.
- Evans, C. (1995). Access, equity, and intelligence: Another look at tracking. The English Journal, 84(8), 63-65. https://doi.org/10.2307/821193 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/821193
- Gardner, & Hatch, T. (1989). Educational implications of the theory of multiple intelligences. Educational researcher, 18(8), 4-10. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018008004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018008004
- Gangadevi , S. & Ravi. (2014) Multiple Intelligence Based Curriculum to Enhance Inclusive Education to Bring Out Human Potential Int Jof Advanced Research 2 619-626
- Government of Pakistan. (2006). National Curriculum for MATHEMATICS Grades I –XII. Ministry of Education, Islamabad.
- Government of Pakistan. (2009). National Education Policy. Ministry of Education, Islamabad.
- Grow, G. (1995). Writing and the Seven Intelligences. Retrieved from www.bookzz.com, on 14 November 2015.
- Gul, R. (2015). The effectiveness of gardner’s multiple intelligence theory on teaching strategies of secondary school teachers peshawar, pakistan (Doctoral dissertation, Univeristy Of Peshawar).
- Gul, R., Kanwal, S., & Khan, S. S. (2020). Preferences of the Teachers in Employing Revised Blooms Taxonomy in their Instructions. sjesr, 3(2), 258-266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss2-2020(258-266)
- Guild, P. B. (2001). Diversity, learning style and culture. New horizons for learning, 1.
- Hanafiyeh, M. (2013). The relationship between Iranian EFL learners ‘multiple Intelligence and Success in Foreign Language Learning. Asian Journal of Management Sciences and Education, 2(1), 97-105.
- Highland, S., McNally, P., & Peart, M. (1999). Improving Student Behavior through the Use of the Multiple Intelligences.
- Isaacs, A. C., & Carroll, W. M. (1999). Strategies for basic-facts instruction. Teaching Children Mathematics, 5(9), 508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5951/TCM.5.9.0508
- Jordan, A., Lindsay, L., & Stanovich, P. J. (1997). Classroom teachers' instructional interactions with students who are exceptional, at risk, and typically achieving. Remedial and special education, 18(2), 82-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/074193259701800202
- Katranci, Y., & BozkuÅŸ, F. (2014). Learning styles of prospective mathematics teachers: Kocaeli University Case. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 328-332. https://doi.org/10.1177/074193259701800202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/074193259701800202
- Khalid. (2017, March 1). Powering Pakistan for the 21st century: The state of Maths and Science in schools. Daily Times.pp.A4
- Koksal, M. S., & Yel, M. (2007). The Effect of Multiple Intelligences Theory (MIT)-based Instruction on Attitudes Towards the Course, Academic Success, and Permanence of Teaching on the Topic of" Respiratory Systems.". Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.216 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.216
- Kornhaber, M., & Fierros, E. (2000). Project SUMIT (Schools Using Multiple Intelligence Theory). Retrieved December 20, 2002.
- Kornhaber, M. L., Fierros, E. G., & Veenema, S. A. (2004). Multiple intelligences: Best ideas from research and practice: Allyn & Bacon.
- Lazear, D. (2000). The Intelligent Curriculum: Using Multiple Intelligences To Develop Your Students' Full Potential: ERIC.
- McClaskey, J. (1995). Assessing student learning through multiple intelligences. The English Journal, 84(8), 56-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/821191
- McClellan, J. A. (2006). Development of an indicator to identify Multiple Intelligences preferences of adult learners (Doctoral dissertation, Oklahoma State University).
- Mills, S. (2001). The role of musical intelligence in a multiple intelligences focused elementary school. International Journal of Education & the Arts, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.2307/821191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/821191
- Mohammad (2017). Why are pakistani students depolarble at Maths and Sciences?. DAWN Newspaper. https://www.dawn.com/news/1315127
- Mousavi, S. & Ahmadi, F. (2013) Education Effect Based on Gardner Multiple Intelligence Hypotheses in Students Mathematics’ Education Progress of High School Second Grade in Garmsar City Int J of Soc Sc (IJSS) 3 25-31
- Mujahid, F. A. (2008). The Effectiveness of The Proposed Program for The Teaching of History in the Light of The Theory of Multiple Intelligences to Develop Historical Thinking Skills in the First Row of Lower Secondary Pupils. Reading and knowledge Magazine, 122-154.
- Ozdener, N., & Ozcoban, T. (2004). A Project-Based Learning Model's Effectiveness in Computer Courses and Multiple Intelligence Theory. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 4(1), 147-170.
- Ozdermir, P. i., Guneysu, S., & Tekkaya, C. (2006). Enhancing learning through. Journal of Biological Education, 40(2), 74-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2006.9656017
- Peduk, S. B., & Baran, G. (2009). Research into the Effect of Mathematics Education Based on the Theory of Multiple Intelligences on the Mathematics Ability of 6-Years Age Group. The Social Sciences, 4(4), 313-319. https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2006.9656017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2006.9656017
- Rani, G., & Amjad, R. (2017). A Study of Multiple Intelligence and Social Profiles of Secondary School Teachers. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 6(7), 226-235.
- Rani, G., & Muhammad, R. (2017). Teachers Preferred Approaches towards Multiple Intelligence Teaching: Enhanced Prospects for Teaching Strategies. Journal of Research and Reflections in Education, 2, 197-203. doi: http://www.ue.edu.pk/jrre
- Saban, A. (2002). Toward a More Intelligent School. Educational Leadership, 60(2), 71-73.
- Serin, N. B., Serin, O., Yavuz, M. A., & Muhammedzade, B. (2009). The relationship between the primary teachers’ teaching strategies and their strengths in multiple intelligences (Their multiple intelligence types) (Sampling: Izmir and Lefkosa). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 708-712. doi: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.124
- Skilbeck, M., & Connell, H. (2004). Teachers for the Future. The Changing Nature of Society and Related Issues for the Teaching Workforce, A Report to the Teacher Quality and Educational Leadership Taskforce of the Ministerial Council for Education, Employment Training and Youth Affairs of Great Britain. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.124 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.124
- Stanford, P. (2003). Multiple intelligence for every classroom. Intervention in school and clinic, 39(2), 80-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10534512030390020301
- Sulaiman, T., Abdurahman, A. R., & Rahim, S. S. A. (2010). Teaching strategies based on multiple intelligences theory among science and mathematics secondary school teachers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 8, 512-518. https://doi.org/10.1177/10534512030390020301 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10534512030390020301
- Sulim, G. H. S. A. (2012). Prediction of the Correlation Between the Strategies of the Teaching Methods and the Multiple Intelligence of Some Graduate Female Students at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 1268-1275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.070 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.070
- Snyder, R. F. (1999). The relationship between learning styles/multiple intelligences and academic achievement of high school students. The High School Journal, 83(2), 11-20.
- Tas, G. (2007). Opinions and attitudes of Elementary class teachers on the implementation of the multiple intelligences theory... Institute of social sciences, Nigde University. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.810
- Teele, S. (1996). Redesigning the Educational System To Enable All Students To Succeed. NaSSP Bulletin, 80(583), 65-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/019263659608058311
- Temur, O. D. (2007). The Effects of Teaching Activities Prepared According to the Multiple Intelligence Theory on Mathematics Achievements and Permanence of Information Learned by 4th Grade Students. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 2(4), 86-91. https://doi.org/10.1177/019263659608058311 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/019263659608058311
- Thompson, B. R., & Thornton, H. J. (2002). The transition from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation in the college classroom: A first-year experience. Education, 122(4), 785- 792.
- Tucker, P., & Warr, P. (1996). Intelligence, elementary cognitive components, and cognitive styles as predictors of complex task performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 21(1), 91-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(96)00032-3
- Ucak, E., Bag, H., & Usak, M. (2006). Enhancing learning through multiple intelligences in elementary science education. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 2(10), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(96)00032-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(96)00032-3
References
Abaci, R. (2007). The relationships between university students multiple intelligence levels and some variables. International Journal of Human Sciences, 4(1), 263-268.
Aini N A, Sunardi, Slamin and Hobri (2017). Student’s Mathematics Creative Thinking Skills in Terms of Logical Mathematical Intelligence. Int J of Sc Research and Management (IJSRM), 5, 6930-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v5i9.01
Abdulaziz, A. (2008). Identifying faculty members' multiple intelligences in the institute of public administration Saudi Arabia. University of Arkansas.
Akbas, A. (2004). The Effects of Multiple Intelligences Based Instruction on Sixth Graders Science Achievement and Attitudes Towards Science. METU. www.bookzz.com database.
Al-Khatib, & Hamza. (2009). The Effectiveness of the Development Unit of the Decision of History In the Light of Multiple Intelligences on Academic Achievement and Critical Thinking in the third Grade Secondary Students In Makkah. American Journal of Psychology, 15, 201–293.
Amirali, M., & Halai, A. (2010). Teachers’ knowledge about the nature of mathematics: A survey of secondary school teachers in Karachi, Pakistan. Bulletin of Education and Research, 32(2), 45.
Armstrong, T. (1993). 7 Kinds of Smart: Identifying and Developing Your Many Intelligences: Plume.
Armstrong, T. (1994). Multiple Intelligences: Seven Ways to Approach Curriculum. Educational Leadership, 52(3), 26-28.
Armstrong, T. (1998). Awakening genius in the classroom: ASCD.
Armstrong, T. (1999). 7 Kinds of Smart: Identifying and Developing Your Multiple Intelligences: Plume Books.
Armstrong, T. (2000). In their way: Discovering and encouraging your child's multiple intelligences: Penguin.
Ali, M. S., Suliman, M. I., Kareem, A., & Iqbal, M. (2009). Comparison of gender performance on an intelligence test among medical students. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad, 21(3), 163-165.
Asha, I.,Sen, G., & George, A. (2007). Systematic hierarchies and systemic failures: Gender and health inequities in Koppal District. Economic and Political Weekly, 682-690.
Baran, A. (2000). Üniversite öğrencilerinin çoklu yetenek-öğrenme stilleri ile benlik saygısı ve sürekli kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Samsun.
Brooks, R. A. (1995). Intelligence without reason. The artificial life route to artificial intelligence: Building embodied, situated agents, 25-81. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351001885-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351001885-2
Campbell, B. (1992). Multiple intelligences in action. Childhood Education, 68(4), 197-201. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.1992.10520874 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.1992.10520874
Campbell, B. (1994). The multiple intelligences handbook: Lesson plans and more: Campbell & Assoc Incorporated.
Campbell, J. P. (1996). Group differences and personnel decisions: Validity, fairness, and affirmative action. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 49(2), 122-158. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.0038 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.0038
Checkley, K. (1997). The first seven... and the eighth a conversation with Howard Gardner. Educational Leadership, 55, 8-13.
Christison, M. A. (1996). Teaching and Learning Languages through Multiple Intelligences. Tesol Journal, 6(1), 10-14.
Coskungonullu, R. (1998). The effects of multiple intelligences theory on 5th graders’ mathematics ability. Unpublished masters’ thesis, Middle East Technical University, Institute of Social Sci-, Middle East Technical University, Institute of Social Sci-Middle East Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara.
Denig, S. (2004). Multiple intelligences and learning styles: Two complementary dimensions. The Teachers College Record, 106(1), 96-111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2004.00322.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2004.00322.x
Dickinson, D., Campbell, B., & Campbell, B. (1996). Teaching & Learning Through Multiple Intelligences. New York: ISBN.
Douglas, O., Burton, K. S., & Reese-Durham, N. (2008). The effects of the multiple intelligence teaching strategies on the academic achievement of eighth-grade math students. Journal of instructional psychology, 35(2), 182-188.
Durmaz, H., & Ozyıldırım, H. (2005). To investigate the relationship between science and the chemistry classroom teaching students towards fields with multiple intelligences and attitudes chemistry and success in the Turkish language... Faculty of Education Journal, Gazi University Kırsehir, 6(1), 67-76.
Elibol, O. (2000). Evaluation of Multiple Intelligence Theory of kindergarten children by age group of Six. Ankara Hacettepe University.
Evans, C. (1995). Access, equity, and intelligence: Another look at tracking. The English Journal, 84(8), 63-65. https://doi.org/10.2307/821193 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/821193
Gardner, & Hatch, T. (1989). Educational implications of the theory of multiple intelligences. Educational researcher, 18(8), 4-10. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018008004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018008004
Gangadevi , S. & Ravi. (2014) Multiple Intelligence Based Curriculum to Enhance Inclusive Education to Bring Out Human Potential Int Jof Advanced Research 2 619-626
Government of Pakistan. (2006). National Curriculum for MATHEMATICS Grades I –XII. Ministry of Education, Islamabad.
Government of Pakistan. (2009). National Education Policy. Ministry of Education, Islamabad.
Grow, G. (1995). Writing and the Seven Intelligences. Retrieved from www.bookzz.com, on 14 November 2015.
Gul, R. (2015). The effectiveness of gardner’s multiple intelligence theory on teaching strategies of secondary school teachers peshawar, pakistan (Doctoral dissertation, Univeristy Of Peshawar).
Gul, R., Kanwal, S., & Khan, S. S. (2020). Preferences of the Teachers in Employing Revised Blooms Taxonomy in their Instructions. sjesr, 3(2), 258-266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss2-2020(258-266)
Guild, P. B. (2001). Diversity, learning style and culture. New horizons for learning, 1.
Hanafiyeh, M. (2013). The relationship between Iranian EFL learners ‘multiple Intelligence and Success in Foreign Language Learning. Asian Journal of Management Sciences and Education, 2(1), 97-105.
Highland, S., McNally, P., & Peart, M. (1999). Improving Student Behavior through the Use of the Multiple Intelligences.
Isaacs, A. C., & Carroll, W. M. (1999). Strategies for basic-facts instruction. Teaching Children Mathematics, 5(9), 508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5951/TCM.5.9.0508
Jordan, A., Lindsay, L., & Stanovich, P. J. (1997). Classroom teachers' instructional interactions with students who are exceptional, at risk, and typically achieving. Remedial and special education, 18(2), 82-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/074193259701800202
Katranci, Y., & BozkuÅŸ, F. (2014). Learning styles of prospective mathematics teachers: Kocaeli University Case. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 328-332. https://doi.org/10.1177/074193259701800202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/074193259701800202
Khalid. (2017, March 1). Powering Pakistan for the 21st century: The state of Maths and Science in schools. Daily Times.pp.A4
Koksal, M. S., & Yel, M. (2007). The Effect of Multiple Intelligences Theory (MIT)-based Instruction on Attitudes Towards the Course, Academic Success, and Permanence of Teaching on the Topic of" Respiratory Systems.". Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.216 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.216
Kornhaber, M., & Fierros, E. (2000). Project SUMIT (Schools Using Multiple Intelligence Theory). Retrieved December 20, 2002.
Kornhaber, M. L., Fierros, E. G., & Veenema, S. A. (2004). Multiple intelligences: Best ideas from research and practice: Allyn & Bacon.
Lazear, D. (2000). The Intelligent Curriculum: Using Multiple Intelligences To Develop Your Students' Full Potential: ERIC.
McClaskey, J. (1995). Assessing student learning through multiple intelligences. The English Journal, 84(8), 56-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/821191
McClellan, J. A. (2006). Development of an indicator to identify Multiple Intelligences preferences of adult learners (Doctoral dissertation, Oklahoma State University).
Mills, S. (2001). The role of musical intelligence in a multiple intelligences focused elementary school. International Journal of Education & the Arts, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.2307/821191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/821191
Mohammad (2017). Why are pakistani students depolarble at Maths and Sciences?. DAWN Newspaper. https://www.dawn.com/news/1315127
Mousavi, S. & Ahmadi, F. (2013) Education Effect Based on Gardner Multiple Intelligence Hypotheses in Students Mathematics’ Education Progress of High School Second Grade in Garmsar City Int J of Soc Sc (IJSS) 3 25-31
Mujahid, F. A. (2008). The Effectiveness of The Proposed Program for The Teaching of History in the Light of The Theory of Multiple Intelligences to Develop Historical Thinking Skills in the First Row of Lower Secondary Pupils. Reading and knowledge Magazine, 122-154.
Ozdener, N., & Ozcoban, T. (2004). A Project-Based Learning Model's Effectiveness in Computer Courses and Multiple Intelligence Theory. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 4(1), 147-170.
Ozdermir, P. i., Guneysu, S., & Tekkaya, C. (2006). Enhancing learning through. Journal of Biological Education, 40(2), 74-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2006.9656017
Peduk, S. B., & Baran, G. (2009). Research into the Effect of Mathematics Education Based on the Theory of Multiple Intelligences on the Mathematics Ability of 6-Years Age Group. The Social Sciences, 4(4), 313-319. https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2006.9656017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2006.9656017
Rani, G., & Amjad, R. (2017). A Study of Multiple Intelligence and Social Profiles of Secondary School Teachers. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 6(7), 226-235.
Rani, G., & Muhammad, R. (2017). Teachers Preferred Approaches towards Multiple Intelligence Teaching: Enhanced Prospects for Teaching Strategies. Journal of Research and Reflections in Education, 2, 197-203. doi: http://www.ue.edu.pk/jrre
Saban, A. (2002). Toward a More Intelligent School. Educational Leadership, 60(2), 71-73.
Serin, N. B., Serin, O., Yavuz, M. A., & Muhammedzade, B. (2009). The relationship between the primary teachers’ teaching strategies and their strengths in multiple intelligences (Their multiple intelligence types) (Sampling: Izmir and Lefkosa). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 708-712. doi: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.124
Skilbeck, M., & Connell, H. (2004). Teachers for the Future. The Changing Nature of Society and Related Issues for the Teaching Workforce, A Report to the Teacher Quality and Educational Leadership Taskforce of the Ministerial Council for Education, Employment Training and Youth Affairs of Great Britain. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.124 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.124
Stanford, P. (2003). Multiple intelligence for every classroom. Intervention in school and clinic, 39(2), 80-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10534512030390020301
Sulaiman, T., Abdurahman, A. R., & Rahim, S. S. A. (2010). Teaching strategies based on multiple intelligences theory among science and mathematics secondary school teachers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 8, 512-518. https://doi.org/10.1177/10534512030390020301 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10534512030390020301
Sulim, G. H. S. A. (2012). Prediction of the Correlation Between the Strategies of the Teaching Methods and the Multiple Intelligence of Some Graduate Female Students at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 1268-1275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.070 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.070
Snyder, R. F. (1999). The relationship between learning styles/multiple intelligences and academic achievement of high school students. The High School Journal, 83(2), 11-20.
Tas, G. (2007). Opinions and attitudes of Elementary class teachers on the implementation of the multiple intelligences theory... Institute of social sciences, Nigde University. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.810
Teele, S. (1996). Redesigning the Educational System To Enable All Students To Succeed. NaSSP Bulletin, 80(583), 65-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/019263659608058311
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