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ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE EFFECT ON DEVIANT WORKPLACE BEHAVIORS: MODERATING ROLE OF MORAL DISENGAGEMENT
Corresponding Author(s) : Mehdi Sabokro
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 6 (2020): November
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The present study aims to investigate the effect of organizational injustice on deviant work behaviors with the moderating role of moral disengagement.
Methodology: The population was the undergraduate students in the Faculty of Economics, Management, and Accounting at a university from which 117 students were selected through convenience sampling. The data was gathered through conducting experiments and a questionnaire developed by Albert Bandura (1996).
Results: The results show that the perception of organizational injustice has a positive and significant effect on deviant work behaviors and this relation is moderated by the moral disengagement intention.
Applications of this study: This study can be very effective in improving the level of organizational justice.
The novelty of the study: The novelty of this investigating the effect of organizational injustice on deviant work behaviors.
Keywords
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- Ambrose, M. L., Seabright, M. A., & Schminke, M. (2002). Sabotage in the workplace: The role of organizational injustice. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 89(1), 947-965.†https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-5978(02)00037-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-5978(02)00037-7
- Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of management review, 24(3), 452-471. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1999.2202131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1999.2202131
- Appelbaum, S. H., Deguire, K. J., & Lay, M. (2005). The relationship of ethical climate to deviant workplace behaviour. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 5(4), 43-55. https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700510616587 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700510616587
- Appelbaum, S. H., Iaconi, G. D., & Matousek, A. (2007). Positive and negative deviant workplace behaviors: causes, impacts, and solutions. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 7(5), 586-598. https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700710827176 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700710827176
- Bandura, A. (2002). Selective moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Moral Education, 31(2), 101-119. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724022014322 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724022014322
- Barsky, A. (2011). Investigating the effects of moral disengagement and participation on unethical work behavior. Journal of business ethics, 104(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0889-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0889-7
- Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2003). The past, present, and future of workplace deviance research.
- Bies, R. J., & Tyler, T. R. (1993). The “litigation mentality†in organizations: A test of alternative psychological explanations. Organization Science, 4(3), 352-366.†https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.4.3.352 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.4.3.352
- Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York, Wiley.
- Blonder, D. M. (2006). Misbehavior and dysfunctional attitudes in organizations. Regional Labor review 8(2).
- Chernyak-Hai, L., & Tziner, A. (2014). Relationships between counterproductive work behavior, perceived justice and climate, occupational status, and leader-member exchange. Journal of work and organizational psychology.†30. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.5093/tr2014a1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5093/tr2014a1
- Chou, T. Y., Seng-cho, T. C., Jiang, J. J., & Klein, G. (2013). The organizational citizenship behavior of IS personnel: Does organizational justice matter?. Information & Management, 50(2-3), 105-111 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2013.02.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2013.02.002
- Cohen, A., & Avrahami, A. (2006). The relationship between individualism, collectivism, the perception of justice, demographic characteristics and organisational citizenship behaviour. The Service Industries Journal, 26(8), 889-901.†https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060601011707 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060601011707
- Colbert, A. E., Mount, M. K., Harter, J. K., & Witt, L. A, L., & Barrick, MR (2004). Interactive Effects of Personality and Perceptions of the Work Situation on Workplace Deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 599-609.†https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.4.599 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.4.599
- De Lara, P. Z. M. (2007). Relationship between organizational justice and cyberloafing in the workplace: Has “anomia†a say in the matter?. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(3), 464-470.†https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9931 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9931
- Fayazi, M., Aslani, F. (2015). A study of the relationship between between employees' job attitudes and deviant workplace behaviors International Conference on Management, Culture and Economic Development.
- Fida, R., Paciello, M., Tramontano, C., Fontaine, R. G., Barbaranelli, C., & Farnese, M. L. (2014). An Integrative Approach to Understanding Counterproductive Work Behavior: The Roles of Stressors, Negative Emotions, and Moral Disengagement.†J Bus Ethics 130.131–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2209-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2209-5
- Folger, R. (1993). Reactions to mistreatment at work. Social psychology in organizations: Advances in theory and research, 161(183), 591-610.â€
- Folger, R., & Konovsky, M. A. (1989). Effects of distributive and procedural justice on reaction to pay raise decisions. . Academy of Management Journal, 32(1), 115-130.†https://doi.org/10.2307/256422 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/256422
- Golparvar, M., Semsar, A., & Atashpour, H. (2012). Big factor role of personality in link between perceived organizational judgments with anti-product behaviors Contemporary psychology, 14-1.â€
- Greenberg, J. (1982). Approaching equity and avoiding inequity in groups and organizations. In Equity and justice in social behavior (pp. 389-435). Academic Press.†https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-299580-4.50017-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-299580-4.50017-3
- Greenberg, J. (1990). Employee theft as a reaction to underpayment inequity: The hidden cost of pay cuts. Journal of applied psychology, 75(5), 561.†https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.5.561 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.5.561
- Griffin, M. L., & Hepburn, J. R. (2005). Side-bets and reciprocity as determinants of organizational commitment among correctional officers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33(6), 611-625.†https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2005.08.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2005.08.010
- Safari, R., & Habibpour, K. (2012). SPSS comprehensive guide to survey research (Quantitative data analysis). Tehran: Motafakeran-loyeh.[In Persian].â€
- HAGHIGHI, M. A., Ahmadi, I., & RAMIN, M. H. (2010). The effect of organizational justice on employee’s performance.
- Howladar, M. H. R., Rahman, S., & Uddin, A. (2018). Deviant workplace behavior and job performance: The moderating effect of transformational leadership. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 11(1), 147-183.â€
- Holtz, B. C., & Harold, C. M. (2009). Fair today, fair tomorrow? A longitudinal investigation of overall justice perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(5), 1185.†https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015900 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015900
- Hoseinzadeh, A., & Naseri, M. (2006). Organizational justice. Tadbir, 190, 18-23.
- Huo, Y. J., Smith, H. J., Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. A. (1996). Superordinate identification, subgroup identification, and justice concerns: Is separatism the problem; is assimilation the answer?. Psychological science, 7(1), 40-45.†https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00664.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00664.x
- Hystad, S. W., Mearns, K. J., & Eid, J. (2014). Moral disengagement as a mechanism between perceptions of organisational injustice and deviant work behaviours. Safety Science, 68, 138-145.†https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.03.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.03.012
- Jackson, C. L., Colquitt, J. A., Wesson, M. J., & Zapata-Phelan, C. P. (2006). Psychological collectivism: A measurement validation and linkage to group member performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 884.†https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.884 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.884
- Jafari, P., & Bidarian, S. (2012). The relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Jafari, P., & Bidarian, S. (2012). The relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.905 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.905
- Jermier, J. M., Knights, D. E., & Nord, W. R. (1994). Resistance and power in organizations. Taylor & Frances/Routledge.â€
- Kerwin, S., Jordan, J. S., & Turner, B. A. (2015). Organizational justice and conflict: Do perceptions of fairness influence disagreement?. Sport Management Review, 18(3), 384-395.†https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2014.10.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2014.10.005
- Khattak, M. N., Khan, M. B., Fatima, T., & Shah, S. Z. A. (2018). The underlying mechanism between perceived organizational injustice and deviant workplace behaviors: Moderating role of personality traits. Asia Pacific Management Review, 24(3), 201-211.†https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2018.05.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2018.05.001
- Korsgaard, M. A., Schweiger, D. M., & Sapienza, H. J. (1995). Building commitment, attachment, and trust in strategic decision-making teams: The role of procedural justice. Academy of Management journal, 38(1), 60-84.†https://doi.org/10.5465/256728 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256728
- Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Griffin, M. L. (2007). The impact of distributive and procedural justice on correctional staff job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment Journal of Criminal Justice, 35(6), 644-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2007.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2007.09.001
- Lambert, E. G., Keena, L. D., Leone, M., May, D., & Haynes, S. H. (2019). The effects of distributive and procedural justice on job satisfaction and organizational commitment ofcorrectional staff. The Social Science Journal, 1-12.â€
- Lind, E. A., Greenberg, J., Scott, K. S., & Welchans, T. D. (2000). The winding road from employee to complainant: Situational and psychological determinants of wrongful-termination claims. Administrative science quarterly, 45(3), 557-590.†https://doi.org/10.2307/2667109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2667109
- Lind, E. A., Kanfer, R., & Earley, P. C. (1990). Voice, control, and procedural justice: Instrumental and noninstrumental concerns in fairness judgments. Journal of Personality and Social psychology, 59(5), 952.†https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.952 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.952
- Litzky, B. E., Eddleston, K. A., & Kidder, D. L. (2006). The good, the bad, and the misguided: How managers inadvertently encourage deviant behaviors. Academy of management perspectives, 20(1), 91-103.†https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2006.19873411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2006.19873411
- McCardle, J. G. (2007). Organizational justice and workplace deviance: The role of organizational structure, powerlessness, and information salience.
- Moore, C. (2015). Moral disengagement. Current Opinion in Psychology, 6, 199-204.†https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.07.018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.07.018
- Moorman, R. H., Niehoff, B. P., & Organ, D. W. (1993). Treating employees fairly and organizational citizenship behavior: Sorting the effects of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and procedural justice. Employee responsibilities and rights journal, 6(3), 209-225.†https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01419445 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01419445
- Qureshi, H., Frank, J., Lambert, E. G., Klahm, C., & Smith, B. (2017). Organisational justice’s relationship with job satisfaction and organisational commitment among Indian police. The Police Journal, 90(1), 3-23.†https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258X16662684 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258X16662684
- Samnani, A. K., Salamon, S. D., & Singh, P. (2014). Negative affect and counterproductive workplace behavior: The moderating role of moral disengagement and gender. Journal of business ethics, 119(2), 235-244.†https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1635-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1635-0
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References
Ambrose, M. L., Seabright, M. A., & Schminke, M. (2002). Sabotage in the workplace: The role of organizational injustice. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 89(1), 947-965.†https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-5978(02)00037-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-5978(02)00037-7
Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of management review, 24(3), 452-471. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1999.2202131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1999.2202131
Appelbaum, S. H., Deguire, K. J., & Lay, M. (2005). The relationship of ethical climate to deviant workplace behaviour. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 5(4), 43-55. https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700510616587 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700510616587
Appelbaum, S. H., Iaconi, G. D., & Matousek, A. (2007). Positive and negative deviant workplace behaviors: causes, impacts, and solutions. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 7(5), 586-598. https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700710827176 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700710827176
Bandura, A. (2002). Selective moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Moral Education, 31(2), 101-119. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724022014322 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724022014322
Barsky, A. (2011). Investigating the effects of moral disengagement and participation on unethical work behavior. Journal of business ethics, 104(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0889-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0889-7
Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2003). The past, present, and future of workplace deviance research.
Bies, R. J., & Tyler, T. R. (1993). The “litigation mentality†in organizations: A test of alternative psychological explanations. Organization Science, 4(3), 352-366.†https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.4.3.352 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.4.3.352
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York, Wiley.
Blonder, D. M. (2006). Misbehavior and dysfunctional attitudes in organizations. Regional Labor review 8(2).
Chernyak-Hai, L., & Tziner, A. (2014). Relationships between counterproductive work behavior, perceived justice and climate, occupational status, and leader-member exchange. Journal of work and organizational psychology.†30. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.5093/tr2014a1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5093/tr2014a1
Chou, T. Y., Seng-cho, T. C., Jiang, J. J., & Klein, G. (2013). The organizational citizenship behavior of IS personnel: Does organizational justice matter?. Information & Management, 50(2-3), 105-111 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2013.02.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2013.02.002
Cohen, A., & Avrahami, A. (2006). The relationship between individualism, collectivism, the perception of justice, demographic characteristics and organisational citizenship behaviour. The Service Industries Journal, 26(8), 889-901.†https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060601011707 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060601011707
Colbert, A. E., Mount, M. K., Harter, J. K., & Witt, L. A, L., & Barrick, MR (2004). Interactive Effects of Personality and Perceptions of the Work Situation on Workplace Deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 599-609.†https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.4.599 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.4.599
De Lara, P. Z. M. (2007). Relationship between organizational justice and cyberloafing in the workplace: Has “anomia†a say in the matter?. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(3), 464-470.†https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9931 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9931
Fayazi, M., Aslani, F. (2015). A study of the relationship between between employees' job attitudes and deviant workplace behaviors International Conference on Management, Culture and Economic Development.
Fida, R., Paciello, M., Tramontano, C., Fontaine, R. G., Barbaranelli, C., & Farnese, M. L. (2014). An Integrative Approach to Understanding Counterproductive Work Behavior: The Roles of Stressors, Negative Emotions, and Moral Disengagement.†J Bus Ethics 130.131–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2209-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2209-5
Folger, R. (1993). Reactions to mistreatment at work. Social psychology in organizations: Advances in theory and research, 161(183), 591-610.â€
Folger, R., & Konovsky, M. A. (1989). Effects of distributive and procedural justice on reaction to pay raise decisions. . Academy of Management Journal, 32(1), 115-130.†https://doi.org/10.2307/256422 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/256422
Golparvar, M., Semsar, A., & Atashpour, H. (2012). Big factor role of personality in link between perceived organizational judgments with anti-product behaviors Contemporary psychology, 14-1.â€
Greenberg, J. (1982). Approaching equity and avoiding inequity in groups and organizations. In Equity and justice in social behavior (pp. 389-435). Academic Press.†https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-299580-4.50017-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-299580-4.50017-3
Greenberg, J. (1990). Employee theft as a reaction to underpayment inequity: The hidden cost of pay cuts. Journal of applied psychology, 75(5), 561.†https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.5.561 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.5.561
Griffin, M. L., & Hepburn, J. R. (2005). Side-bets and reciprocity as determinants of organizational commitment among correctional officers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33(6), 611-625.†https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2005.08.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2005.08.010
Safari, R., & Habibpour, K. (2012). SPSS comprehensive guide to survey research (Quantitative data analysis). Tehran: Motafakeran-loyeh.[In Persian].â€
HAGHIGHI, M. A., Ahmadi, I., & RAMIN, M. H. (2010). The effect of organizational justice on employee’s performance.
Howladar, M. H. R., Rahman, S., & Uddin, A. (2018). Deviant workplace behavior and job performance: The moderating effect of transformational leadership. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 11(1), 147-183.â€
Holtz, B. C., & Harold, C. M. (2009). Fair today, fair tomorrow? A longitudinal investigation of overall justice perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(5), 1185.†https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015900 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015900
Hoseinzadeh, A., & Naseri, M. (2006). Organizational justice. Tadbir, 190, 18-23.
Huo, Y. J., Smith, H. J., Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. A. (1996). Superordinate identification, subgroup identification, and justice concerns: Is separatism the problem; is assimilation the answer?. Psychological science, 7(1), 40-45.†https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00664.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00664.x
Hystad, S. W., Mearns, K. J., & Eid, J. (2014). Moral disengagement as a mechanism between perceptions of organisational injustice and deviant work behaviours. Safety Science, 68, 138-145.†https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.03.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.03.012
Jackson, C. L., Colquitt, J. A., Wesson, M. J., & Zapata-Phelan, C. P. (2006). Psychological collectivism: A measurement validation and linkage to group member performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 884.†https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.884 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.884
Jafari, P., & Bidarian, S. (2012). The relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Jafari, P., & Bidarian, S. (2012). The relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.905 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.905
Jermier, J. M., Knights, D. E., & Nord, W. R. (1994). Resistance and power in organizations. Taylor & Frances/Routledge.â€
Kerwin, S., Jordan, J. S., & Turner, B. A. (2015). Organizational justice and conflict: Do perceptions of fairness influence disagreement?. Sport Management Review, 18(3), 384-395.†https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2014.10.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2014.10.005
Khattak, M. N., Khan, M. B., Fatima, T., & Shah, S. Z. A. (2018). The underlying mechanism between perceived organizational injustice and deviant workplace behaviors: Moderating role of personality traits. Asia Pacific Management Review, 24(3), 201-211.†https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2018.05.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2018.05.001
Korsgaard, M. A., Schweiger, D. M., & Sapienza, H. J. (1995). Building commitment, attachment, and trust in strategic decision-making teams: The role of procedural justice. Academy of Management journal, 38(1), 60-84.†https://doi.org/10.5465/256728 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256728
Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Griffin, M. L. (2007). The impact of distributive and procedural justice on correctional staff job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment Journal of Criminal Justice, 35(6), 644-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2007.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2007.09.001
Lambert, E. G., Keena, L. D., Leone, M., May, D., & Haynes, S. H. (2019). The effects of distributive and procedural justice on job satisfaction and organizational commitment ofcorrectional staff. The Social Science Journal, 1-12.â€
Lind, E. A., Greenberg, J., Scott, K. S., & Welchans, T. D. (2000). The winding road from employee to complainant: Situational and psychological determinants of wrongful-termination claims. Administrative science quarterly, 45(3), 557-590.†https://doi.org/10.2307/2667109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2667109
Lind, E. A., Kanfer, R., & Earley, P. C. (1990). Voice, control, and procedural justice: Instrumental and noninstrumental concerns in fairness judgments. Journal of Personality and Social psychology, 59(5), 952.†https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.952 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.952
Litzky, B. E., Eddleston, K. A., & Kidder, D. L. (2006). The good, the bad, and the misguided: How managers inadvertently encourage deviant behaviors. Academy of management perspectives, 20(1), 91-103.†https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2006.19873411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2006.19873411
McCardle, J. G. (2007). Organizational justice and workplace deviance: The role of organizational structure, powerlessness, and information salience.
Moore, C. (2015). Moral disengagement. Current Opinion in Psychology, 6, 199-204.†https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.07.018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.07.018
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