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AN EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP ON INDIVIDUAL CREATIVITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATIONS IN THE ICT INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM
Corresponding Author(s) : Anantha Raj A. Arokiasamy
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021): May
Abstract
Purpose of the study: In the present study, information was obtained from 245 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) organizations from Vietnam using a market-oriented criterion to assess individual creativity, ethical leadership, and organizational innovation.
Methodology: The absolute, as well as intended influences of ethical leaderships over the creativities along with innovations, were investigated using modelling that is multilevel plus tiered regressions analysis. We also tested the direct and indirect effects of ethical leadership on creativity and innovation using multilevel modelling and hierarchical regression analyses, respectively.
Main Findings: The results showed ethical leadership is a strong indicator of both human and organizational imagination. On the corporate levels, observations suggest that ethical leadership remains closely correlated with organizational innovations. The results also suggest that ethical leadership is an essential method for promoting entrepreneurship and advancing growth in both emerging countries and newly developed industries.
Applications of this study: On the corporate levels, observations suggest that ethical leadership remains closely correlated with organizational innovations.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The study’s key part remains essentially to examine creativity as a possible intermediary in favour of the ethical leadership’s organizational interconnections, in which a markets-focused standard is used as a surrogate for innovations at the organizational level.
Keywords
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- Acar, O. A., Tarakci, M., & van Knippenberg, D. (2019). Creativity and Innovation Under Constraints: A Cross-Disciplinary Integrative Review. Journal of management, 45(1), 96-121. https://doi.org/10.1177 /0149206318805832 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318805832
- Ahmad, I., & Gao, Y. (2018). Ethical leadership and work engagement: The roles of psychological empowerment and power distance orientation. Management decision, 56(9), 1991-2005. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-02-2017-0107 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-02-2017-0107
- Ali Chughtai, A. (2016). Can ethical leaders enhance their followers’ creativity? Leadership (London, England), 12(2), 230-249. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715014558077 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715014558077
- Arredondo Rucinski, D., & Bauch, P. A. (2006). Reflective, ethical, and moral constructs in educational leadership preparation: effects on graduates' practices. Journal of educational administration, 44(5), 487-508. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230610683778 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230610683778
- Asif, M., Miao, Q., Jameel, A., Manzoor, F., & Hussain, A. (2020). How ethical leadership influence employee creativity: A parallel multiple mediation model. Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00819-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00819-9
- Caniëls, M. C. J., & Rietzschel, E. F. (2013). A Special Issue of Creativity and Innovation Management: Organizing Creativity: Creativity and Innovation under Constraints: Call for Papers. Creativity and innovation management, 22(1), 100-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12010
- Caniëls, M. C. J., & Rietzschel, E. F. (2015). Organizing Creativity: Creativity and Innovation under Constraints. Creativity and innovation management, 24(2), 184-196. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12123
- Chen, A. S.-Y., & Hou, Y.-H. (2016). The effects of ethical leadership, voice behavior and climates for innovation on creativity: A moderated mediation examination. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.10.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.10.007
- Chen, H.-Y., & Boore, J. R. P. (2010). Translation and back-translation in qualitative nursing research: methodological review. Journal of clinical nursing, 19(1-2), 234-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02896.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02896.x
- Duan, S., Liu, Z., & Che, H. (2018). Mediating influences of ethical leadership on employee creativity. Social behavior and personality, 46(2), 323-337. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6160
- Feng, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, L., & Han, X. (2018). Just the Right Amount of Ethics Inspires Creativity: A Cross-Level Investigation of Ethical Leadership, Intrinsic Motivation, and Employee Creativity. Journal of business ethics, 153(3), 645-658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3297-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3297-1
- Ghosh, K. (2015). Developing organizational creativity and innovation: Toward a model of self-leadership,employee creativity,creativity climate and workplace innovative orientation. Management research review, 38(11), 1126-1148. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-01-2014-0017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-01-2014-0017
- Hagger, M. S., Hankonen, N., Kangro, E. M., Lintunen, T., Pagaduan, J., Polet, J., Ries, F., & Hamilton, K. (2019). Trait Selfâ€Control, Social Cognition Constructs, and Intentions: Correlational Evidence for Mediation and Moderation Effects in Diverse Health Behaviours. Applied psychology : health and well-being, 11(3), 407-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12153
- Hon, A. H. Y., & Lui, S. S. (2016). Employee creativity and innovation in organizations: Review, integration, and future directions for hospitality research. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(5), 862-885. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2014-0454 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2014-0454
- Javed, B., Khan, A. A., Bashir, S., & Arjoon, S. (2017). Impact of ethical leadership on creativity: the role of psychological empowerment. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(8), 839-851. https://doi.org/10.1080/1 3683500.2016.1188894 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1188894
- Jiang, J., Wang, S., & Zhao, S. (2012). Does HRM facilitate employee creativity and organizational innovation? A study of Chinese firms. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(19), 4025-4047. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.690567 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.690567
- Kantabutra, S., & Saratun, M. (2013). Sustainable leadership: honeybee practices at Thailand's oldest university. International journal of educational management, 27(4), 356-376. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513541311316304 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09513541311316304
- Kaufman, J. C., Cole, J. C., & Baer, J. (2009). The Construct of Creativity: Structural Model for Self-Reported Creativity Ratings. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 43(2), 119-134. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2009.tb01310.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2009.tb01310.x
- Kormanik, M. B., & Rocco, T. S. (2009). Internal versus external control of reinforcement: A review of the locus of control construct. Human Resource Development Review, 8(4), 463-483. https://doi.org/10.1177/15344 84309342080 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484309342080
- Kunz, A. H., & Pfaff, D. (2002). Agency theory, performance evaluation, and the hypothetical construct of intrinsic motivation. Accounting, organizations and society, 27(3), 275-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-3682(01)00031-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-3682(01)00031-9
- Le, P. B., & Lei, H. (2018). Fostering knowledge sharing behaviours through ethical leadership practice: the mediating roles of disclosure-based trust and reliance-based trust in leadership. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 16(2), 183-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2018.1445426 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2018.1445426
- Ledimo, O. (2015). An Exploratory Study Of Factors Influencing Organisational Justice Among Government Employees. Journal of applied business research, 31(4), 1549. https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i4.9336 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i4.9336
- Liu, P.-L., & Tsai, C.-H. (2008). Using Analytic Network Process to Construct Evaluation Indicators of Knowledge Sharing Effectiveness in Taiwan's High-tech Industries. Asian journal on quality, 9(2), 99-117. https://doi.org/10.1108/15982688200800020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/15982688200800020
- Locke, R., Castrucci, B. C., Gambatese, M., Sellers, K., & Fraser, M. (2019). Unleashing the Creativity and Innovation of Our Greatest Resource-The Governmental Public Health Workforce. Journal of public health management and practice, 25 Suppl 2, Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey 2017(2), S96-S102. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000973 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000973
- Ma, Y., Cheng, W., Ribbens, B. A., & Zhou, J. (2013). Linking Ethical Leadership to Employee Creativity: Knowledge Sharing and Self-Efficacy as Mediators. Social behavior and personality, 41(9), 1409-1419. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.9.1409 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.9.1409
- Makaroff, K. S., Storch, J., Pauly, B., & Newton, L. (2014). Searching for ethical leadership in nursing. Nursing ethics, 21(6), 642-658. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733013513213 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733013513213
- Miguel, M. C., Ornelas, J. H., & Maroco, J. P. (2015). Defining psychological empowerment construct: analysis of three empowerment scales. Journal of community psychology, 43(7), 900-919. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21721 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21721
- Millet, C., Oget, D., & Cavallucci, D. (2017). Open the 'black box' creativity and innovation: a study of activities in R&D departments. Some prospects for engineering education. European journal of engineering education, 42(6), 1000-1024. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2016.1249341 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2016.1249341
- Misbah Hayat, B., Umair, A., Muhammad Hasnat, B., Hassan, R., & Xin, S. (2020). Unraveling the Effects of Ethical Leadership on Knowledge Sharing: The Mediating Roles of Subjective Well-Being and Social Media in the Hotel Industry. Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland), 12(8333), 8333. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208333 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208333
- Oliver, A. L., April, S., & Kalish, Y. (2019). Organizational creativityâ€innovation process and breakthrough under time constraints: Midâ€point transformation. Creativity and innovation management, 28(3), 318-328. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12326 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12326
- Ouakouak, M. L., & Ouedraogo, N. (2017). Antecedents of employee creativity and organisational innovation: an empirical study. International Journal of Innovation Management, 21(7), 1750060. https://doi.org/10.1142/S136391 9617500608 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919617500608
- Qing, M., Asif, M., Hussain, A., & Jameel, A. (2019). Exploring the impact of ethical leadership on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in public sector organizations: the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Review of Managerial Science, 14(6), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-019-00340-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-019-00340-9
- Riivari, E., Riivari, E., Lämsä, A.-M., & Lämsä, A.-M. (2019). Organizational Ethical Virtues of Innovativeness. Journal of business ethics, 155(1), 223-240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3486-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3486-6
- Sahraei Beiranvand, M., Beiranvand, S., Beiranvand, S., & Mohammadipour, F. (2021). Explaining the effect of authentic and ethical leadership on psychological empowerment of nurses. Journal of nursing management. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13246 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13246
- Shafique, I., Ahmad, B., & Kalyar, M. N. (2020). How ethical leadership influences creativity and organizational innovation: Examining the underlying mechanisms. European journal of innovation management, 23(1), 114-133. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-12-2018-0269 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-12-2018-0269
- Shanker, R., Bhanugopan, R., van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., & Farrell, M. (2017). Organizational climate for innovation and organizational performance: The mediating effect of innovative work behavior. Journal of vocational behavior, 100, 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.02.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.02.004
- Shareef, R. A., & Atan, T. (2019). The influence of ethical leadership on academic employees’ organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intention: Mediating role of intrinsic motivation. Management decision, 57(3), 583-605. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-08-2017-0721 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-08-2017-0721
- Valaei, N., Rezaei, S., & Emami, M. (2017). Explorative learning strategy and its impact on creativity and innovation: An empirical investigation among ICT-SMEs. Business process management journal, 23(5), 957-983. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-12-2015-0179 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-12-2015-0179
- Yidong, T., Yidong, T., Xinxin, L., & Xinxin, L. (2013). How Ethical Leadership Influence Employees' Innovative Work Behavior: A Perspective of Intrinsic Motivation. Journal of business ethics, 116(2), 441-457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1455-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1455-7
- Yuen, H.-W., & Balakrishnan, A. (2019). Next stop - teaching creativity and innovation in medical education. Medical teacher, 41(1), 116-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2018.1500682 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2018.1500682
References
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Ahmad, I., & Gao, Y. (2018). Ethical leadership and work engagement: The roles of psychological empowerment and power distance orientation. Management decision, 56(9), 1991-2005. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-02-2017-0107 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-02-2017-0107
Ali Chughtai, A. (2016). Can ethical leaders enhance their followers’ creativity? Leadership (London, England), 12(2), 230-249. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715014558077 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715014558077
Arredondo Rucinski, D., & Bauch, P. A. (2006). Reflective, ethical, and moral constructs in educational leadership preparation: effects on graduates' practices. Journal of educational administration, 44(5), 487-508. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230610683778 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230610683778
Asif, M., Miao, Q., Jameel, A., Manzoor, F., & Hussain, A. (2020). How ethical leadership influence employee creativity: A parallel multiple mediation model. Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00819-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00819-9
Caniëls, M. C. J., & Rietzschel, E. F. (2013). A Special Issue of Creativity and Innovation Management: Organizing Creativity: Creativity and Innovation under Constraints: Call for Papers. Creativity and innovation management, 22(1), 100-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12010
Caniëls, M. C. J., & Rietzschel, E. F. (2015). Organizing Creativity: Creativity and Innovation under Constraints. Creativity and innovation management, 24(2), 184-196. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12123
Chen, A. S.-Y., & Hou, Y.-H. (2016). The effects of ethical leadership, voice behavior and climates for innovation on creativity: A moderated mediation examination. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.10.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.10.007
Chen, H.-Y., & Boore, J. R. P. (2010). Translation and back-translation in qualitative nursing research: methodological review. Journal of clinical nursing, 19(1-2), 234-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02896.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02896.x
Duan, S., Liu, Z., & Che, H. (2018). Mediating influences of ethical leadership on employee creativity. Social behavior and personality, 46(2), 323-337. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6160
Feng, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, L., & Han, X. (2018). Just the Right Amount of Ethics Inspires Creativity: A Cross-Level Investigation of Ethical Leadership, Intrinsic Motivation, and Employee Creativity. Journal of business ethics, 153(3), 645-658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3297-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3297-1
Ghosh, K. (2015). Developing organizational creativity and innovation: Toward a model of self-leadership,employee creativity,creativity climate and workplace innovative orientation. Management research review, 38(11), 1126-1148. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-01-2014-0017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-01-2014-0017
Hagger, M. S., Hankonen, N., Kangro, E. M., Lintunen, T., Pagaduan, J., Polet, J., Ries, F., & Hamilton, K. (2019). Trait Selfâ€Control, Social Cognition Constructs, and Intentions: Correlational Evidence for Mediation and Moderation Effects in Diverse Health Behaviours. Applied psychology : health and well-being, 11(3), 407-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12153
Hon, A. H. Y., & Lui, S. S. (2016). Employee creativity and innovation in organizations: Review, integration, and future directions for hospitality research. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(5), 862-885. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2014-0454 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2014-0454
Javed, B., Khan, A. A., Bashir, S., & Arjoon, S. (2017). Impact of ethical leadership on creativity: the role of psychological empowerment. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(8), 839-851. https://doi.org/10.1080/1 3683500.2016.1188894 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1188894
Jiang, J., Wang, S., & Zhao, S. (2012). Does HRM facilitate employee creativity and organizational innovation? A study of Chinese firms. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(19), 4025-4047. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.690567 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.690567
Kantabutra, S., & Saratun, M. (2013). Sustainable leadership: honeybee practices at Thailand's oldest university. International journal of educational management, 27(4), 356-376. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513541311316304 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09513541311316304
Kaufman, J. C., Cole, J. C., & Baer, J. (2009). The Construct of Creativity: Structural Model for Self-Reported Creativity Ratings. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 43(2), 119-134. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2009.tb01310.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2009.tb01310.x
Kormanik, M. B., & Rocco, T. S. (2009). Internal versus external control of reinforcement: A review of the locus of control construct. Human Resource Development Review, 8(4), 463-483. https://doi.org/10.1177/15344 84309342080 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484309342080
Kunz, A. H., & Pfaff, D. (2002). Agency theory, performance evaluation, and the hypothetical construct of intrinsic motivation. Accounting, organizations and society, 27(3), 275-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-3682(01)00031-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-3682(01)00031-9
Le, P. B., & Lei, H. (2018). Fostering knowledge sharing behaviours through ethical leadership practice: the mediating roles of disclosure-based trust and reliance-based trust in leadership. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 16(2), 183-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2018.1445426 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2018.1445426
Ledimo, O. (2015). An Exploratory Study Of Factors Influencing Organisational Justice Among Government Employees. Journal of applied business research, 31(4), 1549. https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i4.9336 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i4.9336
Liu, P.-L., & Tsai, C.-H. (2008). Using Analytic Network Process to Construct Evaluation Indicators of Knowledge Sharing Effectiveness in Taiwan's High-tech Industries. Asian journal on quality, 9(2), 99-117. https://doi.org/10.1108/15982688200800020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/15982688200800020
Locke, R., Castrucci, B. C., Gambatese, M., Sellers, K., & Fraser, M. (2019). Unleashing the Creativity and Innovation of Our Greatest Resource-The Governmental Public Health Workforce. Journal of public health management and practice, 25 Suppl 2, Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey 2017(2), S96-S102. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000973 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000973
Ma, Y., Cheng, W., Ribbens, B. A., & Zhou, J. (2013). Linking Ethical Leadership to Employee Creativity: Knowledge Sharing and Self-Efficacy as Mediators. Social behavior and personality, 41(9), 1409-1419. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.9.1409 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.9.1409
Makaroff, K. S., Storch, J., Pauly, B., & Newton, L. (2014). Searching for ethical leadership in nursing. Nursing ethics, 21(6), 642-658. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733013513213 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733013513213
Miguel, M. C., Ornelas, J. H., & Maroco, J. P. (2015). Defining psychological empowerment construct: analysis of three empowerment scales. Journal of community psychology, 43(7), 900-919. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21721 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21721
Millet, C., Oget, D., & Cavallucci, D. (2017). Open the 'black box' creativity and innovation: a study of activities in R&D departments. Some prospects for engineering education. European journal of engineering education, 42(6), 1000-1024. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2016.1249341 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2016.1249341
Misbah Hayat, B., Umair, A., Muhammad Hasnat, B., Hassan, R., & Xin, S. (2020). Unraveling the Effects of Ethical Leadership on Knowledge Sharing: The Mediating Roles of Subjective Well-Being and Social Media in the Hotel Industry. Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland), 12(8333), 8333. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208333 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208333
Oliver, A. L., April, S., & Kalish, Y. (2019). Organizational creativityâ€innovation process and breakthrough under time constraints: Midâ€point transformation. Creativity and innovation management, 28(3), 318-328. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12326 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12326
Ouakouak, M. L., & Ouedraogo, N. (2017). Antecedents of employee creativity and organisational innovation: an empirical study. International Journal of Innovation Management, 21(7), 1750060. https://doi.org/10.1142/S136391 9617500608 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919617500608
Qing, M., Asif, M., Hussain, A., & Jameel, A. (2019). Exploring the impact of ethical leadership on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in public sector organizations: the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Review of Managerial Science, 14(6), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-019-00340-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-019-00340-9
Riivari, E., Riivari, E., Lämsä, A.-M., & Lämsä, A.-M. (2019). Organizational Ethical Virtues of Innovativeness. Journal of business ethics, 155(1), 223-240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3486-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3486-6
Sahraei Beiranvand, M., Beiranvand, S., Beiranvand, S., & Mohammadipour, F. (2021). Explaining the effect of authentic and ethical leadership on psychological empowerment of nurses. Journal of nursing management. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13246 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13246
Shafique, I., Ahmad, B., & Kalyar, M. N. (2020). How ethical leadership influences creativity and organizational innovation: Examining the underlying mechanisms. European journal of innovation management, 23(1), 114-133. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-12-2018-0269 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-12-2018-0269
Shanker, R., Bhanugopan, R., van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., & Farrell, M. (2017). Organizational climate for innovation and organizational performance: The mediating effect of innovative work behavior. Journal of vocational behavior, 100, 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.02.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.02.004
Shareef, R. A., & Atan, T. (2019). The influence of ethical leadership on academic employees’ organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intention: Mediating role of intrinsic motivation. Management decision, 57(3), 583-605. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-08-2017-0721 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-08-2017-0721
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