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INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON EMOTIONAL DISSONANCE AND INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR
Corresponding Author(s) : Irfan Ullah Khan
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021): May
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This study aims to examine the effect of emotional intelligence on emotional dissonance and innovative work behavior by collecting data from the employees working in higher education institutions of KP, Pakistan.
Methodology: The study is cross-sectional which ensured a methodological approached to analyze the data to chase the answers to research questions by applying statistical procedures to conclude the study systematically.
Main findings: The results are significant which offer sufficient information in concluding the study by offering recommendations to policymakers and management of higher education institutions along with some suggestions to future researchers.
Application of the study: The results of this study might be helpful for the management of higher education institutions in revisiting their policies regarding the effective implementation of different measured concerning the research issues under consideration to provide a better solution in a tailor-made format.
Novelty/ Originality of the study: The study is significant in providing new findings, new knowledge, and new techniques about existing realities to the existing database of knowledge about the application of emotional intelligence, emotional dissonance, and innovative work behavior in higher educational institutions.
Keywords
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- Afsar, B., Cheema, S., & Saeed, B. B. (2018). Do nurses display innovative work behavior when their values match with hospitals’ values? European Journal of Innovation Management, 21(1), 157-171. https://doi.org/10.1108 /EJIM-01-2017-0007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-01-2017-0007
- Alam, F., Yifei, L., Raza, M., & Khan, K. (2020). The impact of leader’s emotional intelligence on employee organizational behavior: Mediating role of employee motivation. European Academic Research, VII, (10), 5127-5154.
- Andrabi, N., & Rainayee, R. (2020). Emotional Intelligence and Innovative Work Behavior: A Review. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, 10 (4), 185-192. https://doi.org/10.31 033/ijemr.10.4.26 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.10.4.26
- Basch, J., Fisher, D., Ashkanasy, M., Härtel, E., & Zerbe, W. (2000). Affective events-emotions matrix: A classification of work events and associated emotions. In N. M. Ashkanasy (Ed.), Emotions in the workplace: Research, theory, and practice (pp. 36-48). Westport, CT: Quorum Books/Greenwood Publishing Group.
- Boyatzis, R. E., Goleman, D., & Rhee, K. (2000). Clustering competence in emotional intelligence: Insights from the Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI). In R. Bar-On & J. A. Parker (Eds.), The Handbook of Emotional Intelligence: Theory, Development, Assessment, and Application at Home, School, and in the Workplace (pp. 343-362). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Brackett, M. A., Mayer, J. D., & Warner, R. M. (2004). Emotional intelligence and its relation to everyday behaviour. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(6), 1387-1402. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00236-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00236-8
- Çakar, U., & Yasemin, A. (2004). Changing Emotion in the Light of Modern Approaches-Intelligence Relation and Emotional Intelligence. DEÜ Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 6(3), 23-48.
- Cheung, F. Y. L., & Tang, C. S. K. (2007). The influence of emotional dissonance and resources at work on job burnout among Chinese human service employees. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(1), 72–87. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.14.1.72 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.14.1.72
- Cheung, F., & Tang, C. (2012). The Effect of Emotional Dissonance and Emotional Intelligence on Work–Family Interference. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 44 (1), 50 –58. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025798 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025798
- Cote, S., & Miners, C., T. H. (2006). Emotional intelligence, cognitive intelligence, and job performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.51.1.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.51.1.1
- Dijk, P. A., & Brown, A. K. (2006). Emotional labour and negative job outcomes: An evaluation of the mediating role of emotional dissonance. Journal of Management and Organization, 12, 101–115. https://doi.org/10. 5172/jmo.2006.12.2.101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2006.12.2.101
- Dincer, H., Gencer, G., Orhan, N., & Sahinbas, K. (2011). The significance of emotional intelligence on the innovative work behavior of managers as strategic decision-makers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 909-919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.052 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.052
- Douglas, C., Frink, D. D., & Ferris, G. R. (2004). Emotional intelligence as a moderator of relationship between conscientiousness and performance. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 10 (3), 2-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190401000301 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190401000301
- Getz, I., & Robinson, A. G. (2003). Innovate or die: Is that a fact? Creativity and innovation management, 12(3), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8691.00276 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8691.00276
- Hasan, D., & Orhan, N. (2012). Relationship between emotional intelligence and innovative work behaviors in Turkish banking sector. International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies, 1 (1), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v1i1.133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v1i1.133
- Ivcevic, Z., Brackett, M. A., & Mayer, J. D. (2007). Emotional intelligence and emotional creativity. Journal of Personality, 75(2), 199-236. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00437.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00437.x
- Jafri, M. H., Dem, C., & Choden, S. (2016). Emotional intelligence and employee creativity: Moderating role of proactive personality and organizational climate. Business Perspectives and Research, 4(1), 54-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/2278533715605435 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2278533715605435
- Kenworthy, J., Fay, C., Frame, M., & Petree, R. (2014). A meta-analytic review of the relationship between emotional dissonance and emotional exhaustion. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 44, 94–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12211 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12211
- Magnano, P., Santisi, G., & Platania, S. (2017). Emotional intelligence as mediator between burnout and organizational outcomes. International Journal of Work Organizational Emotions, 8, 305–320. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2017.089295 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2017.089295
- Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2008). Emotional intelligence: New ability or eclectic traits? American psychologist, 63(6), 503. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.63.6.503 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.63.6.503
- Mishra, S. K., & Bhatnagar, D. (2010). Linking Emotional Dissonance and Organizational Identification to Turnover Intention and Emotional Well-Being: A Study of Medical Representatives in India. Human Resource Management, 49 (3), 401-419. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20362 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20362
- Monica, E., & Molino, F. (2016). Inbound Call Centers and Emotional Dissonance in the Job Demands – Resources Model. Work and Organizational Psychology, 7, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01133
- Naeem, H., Saif, M.I., & Khalil, W. (2008). Emotional Intelligence and Its Impact on Service Quality Empirical Evidence from The Pakistani Banking Sector. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 7, 12- 55. https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v7i12.3313 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v7i12.3313
- Rahim, S. H., & Malik, M. I. (2010). Emotional Intelligence & Organizational Performance: (A Case Study of Banking Sector in Pakistan), International Journal of Business and Management, 5 (10). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n10p191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n10p191
- Rivkin, W., Diestel, S., & Schmidt, K. (2015). Psychological detachment: A moderator in the relationship of self-control demands and job strain. European Journal of Work Organizational Psychology, 24, 376–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2014.924926 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2014.924926
- Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of Innovative Behavior: A Path Model of Individual Innovation in the Workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1442–65.
- Shojaei, M., & Siuki, M. (2014). A study of relationship between emotional intelligence and innovative work behavior of managers. Management Science Letters, 4(7), 1449-1454. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2014.6.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2014.6.021
- Simbula, S., Mazzetti, G., & Guglielmi, D. (2019). A Three-Wave Study on the Reciprocal Relationships between Emotional Dissonance, Need for Recovery, and Exhaustion. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5183, 2-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195183
- Suliman, A. M., & AlShaikh, F. N. (2007). Emotional intelligence at work: Links to conflict and innovation. Employee Relations, 29(2), 208-220. https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450710720020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450710720020
- Szczygieł, D., & Bazińska, R. (2013). Emotional intelligence as a moderator in the relationship between negative emotions and emotional exhaustion among employees in service sector occupations. Polish Psychology Bulletin, 44, 75–86. https://doi.org/10.2478/ppb-2013-0023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ppb-2013-0023
- Thanesa, I., & Yadav, I. (2019). Construction of Adapted Emotional Dissonance Scale for Individuals in Service Sector. International journal of scientific & technology research, 8 (11), 1202-1207.
- Wong, C. S. & Law, K. S. (2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(3), 243-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00099-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00099-1
- Yamani, T. (1967). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis, 2nd Edition, New York: Harper and Row.
References
Afsar, B., Cheema, S., & Saeed, B. B. (2018). Do nurses display innovative work behavior when their values match with hospitals’ values? European Journal of Innovation Management, 21(1), 157-171. https://doi.org/10.1108 /EJIM-01-2017-0007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-01-2017-0007
Alam, F., Yifei, L., Raza, M., & Khan, K. (2020). The impact of leader’s emotional intelligence on employee organizational behavior: Mediating role of employee motivation. European Academic Research, VII, (10), 5127-5154.
Andrabi, N., & Rainayee, R. (2020). Emotional Intelligence and Innovative Work Behavior: A Review. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, 10 (4), 185-192. https://doi.org/10.31 033/ijemr.10.4.26 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.10.4.26
Basch, J., Fisher, D., Ashkanasy, M., Härtel, E., & Zerbe, W. (2000). Affective events-emotions matrix: A classification of work events and associated emotions. In N. M. Ashkanasy (Ed.), Emotions in the workplace: Research, theory, and practice (pp. 36-48). Westport, CT: Quorum Books/Greenwood Publishing Group.
Boyatzis, R. E., Goleman, D., & Rhee, K. (2000). Clustering competence in emotional intelligence: Insights from the Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI). In R. Bar-On & J. A. Parker (Eds.), The Handbook of Emotional Intelligence: Theory, Development, Assessment, and Application at Home, School, and in the Workplace (pp. 343-362). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Brackett, M. A., Mayer, J. D., & Warner, R. M. (2004). Emotional intelligence and its relation to everyday behaviour. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(6), 1387-1402. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00236-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00236-8
Çakar, U., & Yasemin, A. (2004). Changing Emotion in the Light of Modern Approaches-Intelligence Relation and Emotional Intelligence. DEÜ Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 6(3), 23-48.
Cheung, F. Y. L., & Tang, C. S. K. (2007). The influence of emotional dissonance and resources at work on job burnout among Chinese human service employees. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(1), 72–87. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.14.1.72 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.14.1.72
Cheung, F., & Tang, C. (2012). The Effect of Emotional Dissonance and Emotional Intelligence on Work–Family Interference. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 44 (1), 50 –58. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025798 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025798
Cote, S., & Miners, C., T. H. (2006). Emotional intelligence, cognitive intelligence, and job performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.51.1.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.51.1.1
Dijk, P. A., & Brown, A. K. (2006). Emotional labour and negative job outcomes: An evaluation of the mediating role of emotional dissonance. Journal of Management and Organization, 12, 101–115. https://doi.org/10. 5172/jmo.2006.12.2.101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2006.12.2.101
Dincer, H., Gencer, G., Orhan, N., & Sahinbas, K. (2011). The significance of emotional intelligence on the innovative work behavior of managers as strategic decision-makers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 909-919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.052 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.052
Douglas, C., Frink, D. D., & Ferris, G. R. (2004). Emotional intelligence as a moderator of relationship between conscientiousness and performance. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 10 (3), 2-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190401000301 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190401000301
Getz, I., & Robinson, A. G. (2003). Innovate or die: Is that a fact? Creativity and innovation management, 12(3), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8691.00276 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8691.00276
Hasan, D., & Orhan, N. (2012). Relationship between emotional intelligence and innovative work behaviors in Turkish banking sector. International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies, 1 (1), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v1i1.133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v1i1.133
Ivcevic, Z., Brackett, M. A., & Mayer, J. D. (2007). Emotional intelligence and emotional creativity. Journal of Personality, 75(2), 199-236. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00437.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00437.x
Jafri, M. H., Dem, C., & Choden, S. (2016). Emotional intelligence and employee creativity: Moderating role of proactive personality and organizational climate. Business Perspectives and Research, 4(1), 54-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/2278533715605435 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2278533715605435
Kenworthy, J., Fay, C., Frame, M., & Petree, R. (2014). A meta-analytic review of the relationship between emotional dissonance and emotional exhaustion. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 44, 94–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12211 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12211
Magnano, P., Santisi, G., & Platania, S. (2017). Emotional intelligence as mediator between burnout and organizational outcomes. International Journal of Work Organizational Emotions, 8, 305–320. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2017.089295 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2017.089295
Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2008). Emotional intelligence: New ability or eclectic traits? American psychologist, 63(6), 503. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.63.6.503 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.63.6.503
Mishra, S. K., & Bhatnagar, D. (2010). Linking Emotional Dissonance and Organizational Identification to Turnover Intention and Emotional Well-Being: A Study of Medical Representatives in India. Human Resource Management, 49 (3), 401-419. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20362 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20362
Monica, E., & Molino, F. (2016). Inbound Call Centers and Emotional Dissonance in the Job Demands – Resources Model. Work and Organizational Psychology, 7, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01133
Naeem, H., Saif, M.I., & Khalil, W. (2008). Emotional Intelligence and Its Impact on Service Quality Empirical Evidence from The Pakistani Banking Sector. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 7, 12- 55. https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v7i12.3313 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v7i12.3313
Rahim, S. H., & Malik, M. I. (2010). Emotional Intelligence & Organizational Performance: (A Case Study of Banking Sector in Pakistan), International Journal of Business and Management, 5 (10). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n10p191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n10p191
Rivkin, W., Diestel, S., & Schmidt, K. (2015). Psychological detachment: A moderator in the relationship of self-control demands and job strain. European Journal of Work Organizational Psychology, 24, 376–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2014.924926 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2014.924926
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of Innovative Behavior: A Path Model of Individual Innovation in the Workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1442–65.
Shojaei, M., & Siuki, M. (2014). A study of relationship between emotional intelligence and innovative work behavior of managers. Management Science Letters, 4(7), 1449-1454. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2014.6.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2014.6.021
Simbula, S., Mazzetti, G., & Guglielmi, D. (2019). A Three-Wave Study on the Reciprocal Relationships between Emotional Dissonance, Need for Recovery, and Exhaustion. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5183, 2-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195183
Suliman, A. M., & AlShaikh, F. N. (2007). Emotional intelligence at work: Links to conflict and innovation. Employee Relations, 29(2), 208-220. https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450710720020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450710720020
Szczygieł, D., & Bazińska, R. (2013). Emotional intelligence as a moderator in the relationship between negative emotions and emotional exhaustion among employees in service sector occupations. Polish Psychology Bulletin, 44, 75–86. https://doi.org/10.2478/ppb-2013-0023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ppb-2013-0023
Thanesa, I., & Yadav, I. (2019). Construction of Adapted Emotional Dissonance Scale for Individuals in Service Sector. International journal of scientific & technology research, 8 (11), 1202-1207.
Wong, C. S. & Law, K. S. (2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(3), 243-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00099-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00099-1
Yamani, T. (1967). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis, 2nd Edition, New York: Harper and Row.