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DECIPHERING THE FAIRYTALE: DECONSTRUCTION OF ROMANCE THROUGH THE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF IN PYGMALION
Corresponding Author(s) : Nosheen Jaffar
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021): May
Abstract
Purpose: This study examines Eliza’s character in Bernard Shaw’s play Pygmalion and her construction of self through the deconstruction of romance in the play.
Methodology: This research is a qualitative study applying the content analysis method. A qualitative research design was adopted to investigate and look at various traits of the main character and her evolution to become an independent, thinking, and opinionated individual towards the end. The research data in this paper is drawn from two primary sources: literary books and articles.
Main Findings: The analysis of the text unravels the transformation of the character and her eventual emancipation from the shackles of the expected programmed behavior.
Applications: This paper can be used by literary scholars, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In the past, many researchers have contributed articles on the thematic analysis of Pygmalion, while this paper approached the play from both linguistic and thematic viewpoints and provided insights for other researchers in the field. The insights based on language analysis of Pygmalion presented in this paper can be a model for other researchers in the interdisciplinary fields of language and literature to apply similar approaches to analyze literary texts.
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- Anugerahwati, M. (2015). Pygmalion: a study of socio-semantics. TEFLIN Journal, 21(2), 202-210. https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v21i2/202-210 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v21i2/202-210
- Anzaldua, G. (2009). La Conciencia De La Mestiza (The Consciousness of the Mestiza). Feminisms Redux: An Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticism, 303.
- Azizmohammadi, F. and Tayari, Z. (2014). Sexism or Gender Discrimination in George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion. Language in India, 14(1).
- Beardsmore, H. B. (1979). A sociolinguistic interpretation of Pygmalion. English Studies, 60(6), 712-719, https://doi.org/10.1080/00138387908598012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00138387908598012
- Bentley, E. (1965). The Making Gabriel Pascal's Widow Recounts her Husband's Experiences in Making Films of Shaw's Plays.
- Can, C. H. E. N. (2011). Analysis of Pygmalion from the Perspective of Stylistics. Journal of Hubei University of Education, 03.
- Chalmers, H. (1992). Autobiographies of Mary Carleton. Women, Texts, and Histories: 1575-1760, 163.
- Christian, M. (2015). “Not a Playâ€: Redefining Theater and Reforming Marriage in Candida. Shaw, 35(2), 238-253. https://doi.org/10.5325/shaw.35.2.0238 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5325/shaw.35.2.0238
- Code, L. (ed.) (2000). Encyclopedia of Feminist Theories. New York: Routledge.
- Collins, P. H. (2017). Simone de Beauvoir, Women’s Oppression and Existential Freedom. A Companion to Simone de Beauvoir, 325-338. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118795996.ch26 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118795996.ch26
- Crompton, L. (1971). Shaw the Dramatist. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
- Cuddon, J. A. (1998). The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. London: Penguin Books.
- Dixit, C. & Gautam, Y. K. (2014). “Life force theory in George Bernard Shaw ‘s play Back to Methuselah.†International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development,1(6), 118-120.
- Edgar, A., & Sedgwick, P. (Eds.) (2005). Key Concepts in Cultural Theory. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203981849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203981849
- Elam, D. (2019). Romancing the Postmodern. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367351984 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367351984
- Fatima, M. (2015). Pragmatics of Metamorphosis in GB Shaw’s Pygmalion. Research Scholar, 3(4), 42-46.
- Ferber, M. (1999). A Dictionary of Literary Symbols (pp. 185-90). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Gadhiraju, C. (2017). Myths of creation: A study of George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion. International Journal of Advanced Education and Research, 2(2), 64-66. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- Gaur, R., & Ringo, R. (2004). Towards a Woman's World: A Post-Feminist Reading of. Studies in Women Writers in English, 5, 43.
- Gibbs, A.M. (1983). The Art and Mind of Shaw: Essays in Criticism, Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1983. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17211-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17211-5
- Grene, N., & Booth, A. (1984). Bernard Shaw: A Critical View. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17542-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17542-0
- Guerin, W. L. & et al. (2011). A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Gupta, P., & Mahajan, P. (2015). The Recreation of Archetypal Pygmalion in George Bernard Shaw’s "Pygmalion." International Journal of English Language, Literature and Translation Studies, 2(2), 242-244. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- Habib, M. A. R. (2011). Literary Criticism from Plato to the Present. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444328004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444328004
- Hamoud, A. M. (2019). The use of the Concept of "Language Variation" As a Stylistic Device in Pygmalion: Toward Socio-Stylistic Approach. International Journal of English Linguistics, 9(5), 422–429. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n5p422 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n5p422
- Holroyd, M. (1979). George Bernard Shaw: Women and the Body Politic. Critical Inquiry, 6(1), 17-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/448025
- Holroyd, M. (1998). Bernard Shaw: The One-Volume Definitive Edition. Random House. https://doi.org/10.1086/448025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/448025
- Innes, C., Innes, C. D., & Christopher, I. (2002). Modern British Drama: The Twentieth Century. Cambridge University Press.
- Irvine, W. (1963). Shaw and the Nineteenth-Century Theater by Martin Meisel. Modern Drama, 6(4), 461-461. https://doi.org/10.3138/md.6.4.461 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/md.6.4.461
- Jaoolkar, V. & Matkar, P. (2016). "The Concept of Life Force in the Plays of George Bernard Shaw." Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics. ISSN 2422-8435.
- Kar, P. S. (2013). Creative Evolution and Problem in the Select Plays of George Bernard Shaw. International Journal of Computer Applications in Engineering Sciences, 3, 34.
- Kaufmann, R. J. (Ed.). (1965). GB Shaw: A Collection of Critical Essays (Vol. 50). Prentice-Hall.
- Kennell, V. R. (2005). Pygmalion as narrative bridge between the centuries. SHAW The Annual of Bernard Shaw Studies, 25(1), 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1353/shaw.2005.0012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/shaw.2005.0012
- Lewis, C. S. (2012). An Experiment in Criticism. Cambridge University Press.
- Lu, L., & Zhao, Y. (2015). A Feminist Analysis of Jane Eyre & Pride and Prejudice. International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research. https://doi.org/10.2991/ichssr-15.2015.21 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/ichssr-15.2015.21
- Maguire, L. (2016, Feb). Philosophy Talk. Retrieved from https://www.philosophytalk.org/blog/simone-de-beauvoir.
- Mayne, F. (1967). The Wit and Satire of Bernard Shaw. St. Martin's Press.
- Morgan, M. (1980). Bernard Shaw Pygmalion. England: Longman York Press.
- Nalliveettil, G. M. (2020). Linguistic Analysis of George Bernard Shaw's "Pygmalion." Scholars International Journal of Linguistics and Literature, 116-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36348/sijll.2020.v03i04.004
- Öğünç, B. (2017). “From Mrs. Warren Profession to Press Cuttings: The Woman Question in George Bernard Shaw's Plays.†Aksaray Üniversitesi. Batı Dilleri ve Edebiyatları Bölümü. e-ISSN: 2458-908X. Retreave from http://sefad.selcuk.edu.tr/sefad/article/view/751/643
- Pourgiv, F., & Ojaghi, M. (2020). Speech Act, Performativity and Gender Trouble in Pygmalion. Research in Contemporary World Literature, 25(1), 253-272.
- Qadha, A. M. H. (2019). The Use of the Concept of “Language Variation†As a Stylistic Device in Pygmalion: Toward A Socio-Stylistic Approach. International Journal of English Linguistics, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n5p422 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n5p422
- Rahimi, A., & Anarjan, H. N. (2019). An elegant lady or a flower girl? A critical discourse analysis of Pygmalion through a systemic functional perspective. International Journal of New Trends in Social Sciences, 3(1), 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18844/ijntss.v3i1.4453
- Rice, P. & Waugh P. (ed.) (2001). Modern Literary Theory: A Reader. London: Arnold.
- Rishoi, C. (2003). From Girl to Woman. State University of New York Press, Albany. NY. USA.
- Shago, U. M. (2020). The Concept of The New Woman In Selected Plays Of George Bernard Shaw. Karabuk University (M.A. Thesis).
- Shaw, B. (1959). Pygmalion: A Romance in Five Acts. Madras: Orient Longman.
- Shenbagapriya, K., & Jemeena, J. (2018, December 22). Problems and emotions in Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw. Retrieved June 13, 2019, from http://ijirt.org/Article?manuscript=147391
- Simion, M. O. (2014). The Creation-Creator Relationship in George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion. Annals Constantin Brancusi U. Targu Jiu, Letters & Soc. Sci. Series, 86.
- Tuaderu, Y. (2015). Class Distinction and Its Social Implication in Capitalist Society as Depicted in George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion. Lingua Litera, 1(1), 48-76. https://doi.org/10.22216/jk.v1i1.1698 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22216/jk.v1i1.1698
- Wallace, E. K. (ed.) (2009). Encyclopedia of Feminist Literary Theory. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203874448 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203874448
- Xiaowei, Z. (2018). A Study on Feminism of George Bernard Shaw‟s Pygmalion. Studies in Literature and Language,17(3), 6-9. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- Yeates, A. (2010). Recent Work on Pygmalion in Nineteenthâ€Century Literature. Literature Compass, 7(7), 586-596. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4113.2010.00718.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4113.2010.00718.x
- Zou, X. (2018). A Study on Feminism of George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion. Studies in Literature and Language, 17(3), 6-9.
References
Anugerahwati, M. (2015). Pygmalion: a study of socio-semantics. TEFLIN Journal, 21(2), 202-210. https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v21i2/202-210 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v21i2/202-210
Anzaldua, G. (2009). La Conciencia De La Mestiza (The Consciousness of the Mestiza). Feminisms Redux: An Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticism, 303.
Azizmohammadi, F. and Tayari, Z. (2014). Sexism or Gender Discrimination in George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion. Language in India, 14(1).
Beardsmore, H. B. (1979). A sociolinguistic interpretation of Pygmalion. English Studies, 60(6), 712-719, https://doi.org/10.1080/00138387908598012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00138387908598012
Bentley, E. (1965). The Making Gabriel Pascal's Widow Recounts her Husband's Experiences in Making Films of Shaw's Plays.
Can, C. H. E. N. (2011). Analysis of Pygmalion from the Perspective of Stylistics. Journal of Hubei University of Education, 03.
Chalmers, H. (1992). Autobiographies of Mary Carleton. Women, Texts, and Histories: 1575-1760, 163.
Christian, M. (2015). “Not a Playâ€: Redefining Theater and Reforming Marriage in Candida. Shaw, 35(2), 238-253. https://doi.org/10.5325/shaw.35.2.0238 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5325/shaw.35.2.0238
Code, L. (ed.) (2000). Encyclopedia of Feminist Theories. New York: Routledge.
Collins, P. H. (2017). Simone de Beauvoir, Women’s Oppression and Existential Freedom. A Companion to Simone de Beauvoir, 325-338. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118795996.ch26 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118795996.ch26
Crompton, L. (1971). Shaw the Dramatist. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
Cuddon, J. A. (1998). The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. London: Penguin Books.
Dixit, C. & Gautam, Y. K. (2014). “Life force theory in George Bernard Shaw ‘s play Back to Methuselah.†International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development,1(6), 118-120.
Edgar, A., & Sedgwick, P. (Eds.) (2005). Key Concepts in Cultural Theory. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203981849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203981849
Elam, D. (2019). Romancing the Postmodern. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367351984 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367351984
Fatima, M. (2015). Pragmatics of Metamorphosis in GB Shaw’s Pygmalion. Research Scholar, 3(4), 42-46.
Ferber, M. (1999). A Dictionary of Literary Symbols (pp. 185-90). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gadhiraju, C. (2017). Myths of creation: A study of George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion. International Journal of Advanced Education and Research, 2(2), 64-66. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
Gaur, R., & Ringo, R. (2004). Towards a Woman's World: A Post-Feminist Reading of. Studies in Women Writers in English, 5, 43.
Gibbs, A.M. (1983). The Art and Mind of Shaw: Essays in Criticism, Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1983. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17211-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17211-5
Grene, N., & Booth, A. (1984). Bernard Shaw: A Critical View. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17542-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17542-0
Guerin, W. L. & et al. (2011). A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. New York: Oxford University Press.
Gupta, P., & Mahajan, P. (2015). The Recreation of Archetypal Pygmalion in George Bernard Shaw’s "Pygmalion." International Journal of English Language, Literature and Translation Studies, 2(2), 242-244. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
Habib, M. A. R. (2011). Literary Criticism from Plato to the Present. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444328004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444328004
Hamoud, A. M. (2019). The use of the Concept of "Language Variation" As a Stylistic Device in Pygmalion: Toward Socio-Stylistic Approach. International Journal of English Linguistics, 9(5), 422–429. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n5p422 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n5p422
Holroyd, M. (1979). George Bernard Shaw: Women and the Body Politic. Critical Inquiry, 6(1), 17-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/448025
Holroyd, M. (1998). Bernard Shaw: The One-Volume Definitive Edition. Random House. https://doi.org/10.1086/448025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/448025
Innes, C., Innes, C. D., & Christopher, I. (2002). Modern British Drama: The Twentieth Century. Cambridge University Press.
Irvine, W. (1963). Shaw and the Nineteenth-Century Theater by Martin Meisel. Modern Drama, 6(4), 461-461. https://doi.org/10.3138/md.6.4.461 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/md.6.4.461
Jaoolkar, V. & Matkar, P. (2016). "The Concept of Life Force in the Plays of George Bernard Shaw." Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics. ISSN 2422-8435.
Kar, P. S. (2013). Creative Evolution and Problem in the Select Plays of George Bernard Shaw. International Journal of Computer Applications in Engineering Sciences, 3, 34.
Kaufmann, R. J. (Ed.). (1965). GB Shaw: A Collection of Critical Essays (Vol. 50). Prentice-Hall.
Kennell, V. R. (2005). Pygmalion as narrative bridge between the centuries. SHAW The Annual of Bernard Shaw Studies, 25(1), 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1353/shaw.2005.0012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/shaw.2005.0012
Lewis, C. S. (2012). An Experiment in Criticism. Cambridge University Press.
Lu, L., & Zhao, Y. (2015). A Feminist Analysis of Jane Eyre & Pride and Prejudice. International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research. https://doi.org/10.2991/ichssr-15.2015.21 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/ichssr-15.2015.21
Maguire, L. (2016, Feb). Philosophy Talk. Retrieved from https://www.philosophytalk.org/blog/simone-de-beauvoir.
Mayne, F. (1967). The Wit and Satire of Bernard Shaw. St. Martin's Press.
Morgan, M. (1980). Bernard Shaw Pygmalion. England: Longman York Press.
Nalliveettil, G. M. (2020). Linguistic Analysis of George Bernard Shaw's "Pygmalion." Scholars International Journal of Linguistics and Literature, 116-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36348/sijll.2020.v03i04.004
Öğünç, B. (2017). “From Mrs. Warren Profession to Press Cuttings: The Woman Question in George Bernard Shaw's Plays.†Aksaray Üniversitesi. Batı Dilleri ve Edebiyatları Bölümü. e-ISSN: 2458-908X. Retreave from http://sefad.selcuk.edu.tr/sefad/article/view/751/643
Pourgiv, F., & Ojaghi, M. (2020). Speech Act, Performativity and Gender Trouble in Pygmalion. Research in Contemporary World Literature, 25(1), 253-272.
Qadha, A. M. H. (2019). The Use of the Concept of “Language Variation†As a Stylistic Device in Pygmalion: Toward A Socio-Stylistic Approach. International Journal of English Linguistics, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n5p422 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n5p422
Rahimi, A., & Anarjan, H. N. (2019). An elegant lady or a flower girl? A critical discourse analysis of Pygmalion through a systemic functional perspective. International Journal of New Trends in Social Sciences, 3(1), 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18844/ijntss.v3i1.4453
Rice, P. & Waugh P. (ed.) (2001). Modern Literary Theory: A Reader. London: Arnold.
Rishoi, C. (2003). From Girl to Woman. State University of New York Press, Albany. NY. USA.
Shago, U. M. (2020). The Concept of The New Woman In Selected Plays Of George Bernard Shaw. Karabuk University (M.A. Thesis).
Shaw, B. (1959). Pygmalion: A Romance in Five Acts. Madras: Orient Longman.
Shenbagapriya, K., & Jemeena, J. (2018, December 22). Problems and emotions in Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw. Retrieved June 13, 2019, from http://ijirt.org/Article?manuscript=147391
Simion, M. O. (2014). The Creation-Creator Relationship in George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion. Annals Constantin Brancusi U. Targu Jiu, Letters & Soc. Sci. Series, 86.
Tuaderu, Y. (2015). Class Distinction and Its Social Implication in Capitalist Society as Depicted in George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion. Lingua Litera, 1(1), 48-76. https://doi.org/10.22216/jk.v1i1.1698 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22216/jk.v1i1.1698
Wallace, E. K. (ed.) (2009). Encyclopedia of Feminist Literary Theory. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203874448 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203874448
Xiaowei, Z. (2018). A Study on Feminism of George Bernard Shaw‟s Pygmalion. Studies in Literature and Language,17(3), 6-9. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
Yeates, A. (2010). Recent Work on Pygmalion in Nineteenthâ€Century Literature. Literature Compass, 7(7), 586-596. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4113.2010.00718.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4113.2010.00718.x
Zou, X. (2018). A Study on Feminism of George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion. Studies in Literature and Language, 17(3), 6-9.