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CPEC- AN ECONOMIC ENGINE FOR PEACE AND ITS IMPACT ON KASHMIR DISAGREEMENT
Corresponding Author(s) : Fakhar Hussain
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021): May
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This research explores CPEC as a model of "Economic Interdependence" for being a mega driver of Globalization, which can bring economic equilibrium through development and interconnectivity for resolution of Kashmir dispute by connecting institutional and diplomatic channels to the economic interdependency.
Methodology: This research is based on secondary data collected from various sources like academic papers, electronic sources, Newspapers, Periodicals, Journals, organizational reports, and books. For interpretation of data, descriptive and analytical approach has to be adopted by using the deductive method of investigation.
Principal Findings: The main findings indicate that CPEC will provide grounds for minimizing conflicts on accounts of consistent regional and intra-regional economic connectivity. CPEC will transfigure the geographic position of Azad Jammu and Kashmir into an asset to be an economic engine for the establishment of peace in the region by amicable resolution of prolonged Kashmir dispute using economic connectivity.
Applications of this study: This research will be helpful for academics of peace and conflict studies, International Relations, diplomacy and strategic management, policymakers, diplomats of Pakistan, China, and India. It will contribute to the resolution of the Kashmir dispute.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty/originality of this research lies in the attempt to correlate the concepts of "CPEC as an actor of economic interdependence" and "CPEC as a catalyst for the amicable resolution of Kashmir dispute."
Keywords
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- Akhtar, D., Hussain, F., Nawaz, S., and Haider, S. (2021). "An Analysis of Pak-India Rivalry over Kashmir Dispute: A Conflict Resolution Approach." Elementary Education Online, 20(3),1979-1986.
- Ali, S., and Saeed, P. (2019). "Kashmir Dispute and Challenges to the National Security of Pakistan: An Analysis." Electronic Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities,1(II), 61-77.
- Baruah, D. (2018). India's Answer to the Belt and Road: A Road Map for South Asia. Retrieved from Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: http://carnegieEndowment.org.
- Bhattacharjee, D. (2015, May 12). China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Retrieved from Indian Council of World Affairs. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2608927 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2608927
- Dhall, D. (2018). Strategic Importance of Kashmir: A Conflict between India and Pakistan. Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, XIV(2), 192-199.
- Durrani, S., Bilal, M., and Kalim, I. (2017). Pakistan-China Strategic Partnership: Capitalizing the Geopolitical Location of Pakistan. Global Regional Review (GRR), 2(1), 152-165. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).11
- Fatima, N., Baig, A., and Ali Shah, B. (2019). China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Fostering the Trade, Investment and Economic Globalization. Global Social Sciences Review (GSSR), IV(II), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).37 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).37
- Haider Bukhari, S., and Parveen, M. (2014). China's Approach Towards Kashmir Conflict: A Viable Solution. Journal of Professional Research in Social Sciences, 1(1), 14-30.
- Humayun, A. (2018). Pakistan's Vision of Maritime Security and CPEC: Thought Piece. Changing Security Situation in South Asia and Development of CPEC (pp. 53-60). Islamabad: Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI).
- Hussain, F. (2020). Geostrategic Imperatives of Gwadar Port for China. The Korean Journal of International Studies, 18(2), 145-167. https://doi.org/10.14731/kjis.2020.08.18.2.145 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14731/kjis.2020.08.18.2.145
- Hussain, F., and Hussain, D. (2017). China-pak economic corridor (cpec) and its geopolitical paradigms. IJSSHE-International Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Education, 1(2), 79-95.
- Hussain, F., Ahmad, D., Nawaz, S., Haider, S., and Atif, M. (2021). Challenges to China-Pak Economic Corridor (CPEC): The Indian Perspective. Elementary Education Online, 20(5), 3764-3770.
- Hussain, F., Hussain, S., Ahmad, N., Quddus, A., Rafiq, M., and Tien, P. (2021). China-Pak Strategic Entente With Respect To Search For Reciprocated Security Through Gwadar Port. Psychology and education, 58(1), 3320-3333. https://doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1271 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1271
- Hussain, F., Khan, M., Hussain, S., Nawaz, S., and Ahmad, N. (2021). Dynamics of Regional Geopolitics and Challenges to CPEC: The Afghan and Iranian Perspectives. Elementary Education Online, 20(5), 3235-3243.
- Hussain, S., Hassan, A., Rafiq, M., and Quddus, A. (2019). The Impact of Exchange Rate Exposure and Working Capital on Return on Equity. International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity 10(December), 64-74.
- Hussain, S., Rafiq, M., Ahmad, N., Quddus, A., and Tien, P. (2021). Pak Rupee As A Currency And Currency War. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 27(1), 889.
- Hussain, S., Rafiq, M., Quddus, A., Ahmad, N., and Tien , P. (2021). China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Cooperate Investment Development And Economic Modernization Encouragement. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 27(1), 96-108.
- Iqbal, D. (2018). CPEC: A Corridor for Minimizing Political Fault lines in South Asia. Changing Security Situation in South Asia and Development of CPEC (pp. 91-111). Islamabad: Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI).
- Javaid, U. (2016). Assessing CPEC: Potential Threats and Prospects.. JRSP, 53(2), 254-269.
- Jia, C. (2017). New Trends of US Policy toward South Asia: Challenges to CPEC. IPRI Journal, XVII (1), 95-121.
- Jiang, L. (2015). India's attitude toward CPEC and China's countermeasure. Retrieved February 20, 2021, from GC University Lahore: http://www.ps.gcu.edu.pk/iccpec/
- Markey, D., and West, J. (2016). Behind China's Gambit in Pakistan. Retrieved March 31, 2021, from http://www.cfr.org: http://www.cfr.org/pakistan/behind-chinas-gambit-pakistan/p37855
- Naseer, S. (2017). CPEC: Past and Future Challenges. Retrieved March 31, 2021, from Spearhead Research: http://www.spearheadresearch.org
- Rasool, S., and Kundi, M. (2018). CPEC, the driver of globalization and positive peace: an Inquiry through Kashmir dispute. The pakistan journal of social issues, Special Issue June, 28-36.
- Rifaat, H., and Maini, T. (2016). The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor Strategic Rationales, External Perspectives, and Challenges to Effective Implementation. Retrieved from Stimson Centre: http://www.stimson.org
- Shoukat, A. (2015). Importance and Implications of CPEC in South Asia: The Indian Factor. Journal of Indian Studies, 1(1), 21-36.
- Siddiqi, F. (2018). CPEC and Geo-Politico-Economic Trends of the Region: An Appraisal. Changing Security Situation in South Asia and Development of CPEC (pp. 25-44). Islamabad: Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI).
- Usman, M. (2020). Iran-Pakistan Relation: Impact on CPEC. Asian Journal of Social Science and Management Technology, 2(3), 53-60.
- Wani, M. (2017, March 19). CPEC and Kashmir: A study in the context of geoeconomics perspective. Retrieved from The Daily Greater Kashmir: https://www.researchgate.net/publicatio n/325659474_1CPEC_AND_KASHMIR_1932017-md-hr-9?enrichId=rgreq-48c979a0cb70b1ff9d6b3a6e5fd0e 71f-XXXandenrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzMyNTY1OTQ3NDtBUzo2MzU1Nzk2NDk3NjEyODFAM TUyOD U0NTQwNTA2NA%3D%3Dandel=1_x_2and_esc=publicationCov.
- Wellens, K. (1990). Resolutions and Statements of the United Nations Security Council:(1946-1989). A Thematic Guide. Brill.
References
Akhtar, D., Hussain, F., Nawaz, S., and Haider, S. (2021). "An Analysis of Pak-India Rivalry over Kashmir Dispute: A Conflict Resolution Approach." Elementary Education Online, 20(3),1979-1986.
Ali, S., and Saeed, P. (2019). "Kashmir Dispute and Challenges to the National Security of Pakistan: An Analysis." Electronic Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities,1(II), 61-77.
Baruah, D. (2018). India's Answer to the Belt and Road: A Road Map for South Asia. Retrieved from Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: http://carnegieEndowment.org.
Bhattacharjee, D. (2015, May 12). China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Retrieved from Indian Council of World Affairs. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2608927 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2608927
Dhall, D. (2018). Strategic Importance of Kashmir: A Conflict between India and Pakistan. Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, XIV(2), 192-199.
Durrani, S., Bilal, M., and Kalim, I. (2017). Pakistan-China Strategic Partnership: Capitalizing the Geopolitical Location of Pakistan. Global Regional Review (GRR), 2(1), 152-165. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).11
Fatima, N., Baig, A., and Ali Shah, B. (2019). China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Fostering the Trade, Investment and Economic Globalization. Global Social Sciences Review (GSSR), IV(II), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).37 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).37
Haider Bukhari, S., and Parveen, M. (2014). China's Approach Towards Kashmir Conflict: A Viable Solution. Journal of Professional Research in Social Sciences, 1(1), 14-30.
Humayun, A. (2018). Pakistan's Vision of Maritime Security and CPEC: Thought Piece. Changing Security Situation in South Asia and Development of CPEC (pp. 53-60). Islamabad: Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI).
Hussain, F. (2020). Geostrategic Imperatives of Gwadar Port for China. The Korean Journal of International Studies, 18(2), 145-167. https://doi.org/10.14731/kjis.2020.08.18.2.145 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14731/kjis.2020.08.18.2.145
Hussain, F., and Hussain, D. (2017). China-pak economic corridor (cpec) and its geopolitical paradigms. IJSSHE-International Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Education, 1(2), 79-95.
Hussain, F., Ahmad, D., Nawaz, S., Haider, S., and Atif, M. (2021). Challenges to China-Pak Economic Corridor (CPEC): The Indian Perspective. Elementary Education Online, 20(5), 3764-3770.
Hussain, F., Hussain, S., Ahmad, N., Quddus, A., Rafiq, M., and Tien, P. (2021). China-Pak Strategic Entente With Respect To Search For Reciprocated Security Through Gwadar Port. Psychology and education, 58(1), 3320-3333. https://doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1271 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1271
Hussain, F., Khan, M., Hussain, S., Nawaz, S., and Ahmad, N. (2021). Dynamics of Regional Geopolitics and Challenges to CPEC: The Afghan and Iranian Perspectives. Elementary Education Online, 20(5), 3235-3243.
Hussain, S., Hassan, A., Rafiq, M., and Quddus, A. (2019). The Impact of Exchange Rate Exposure and Working Capital on Return on Equity. International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity 10(December), 64-74.
Hussain, S., Rafiq, M., Ahmad, N., Quddus, A., and Tien, P. (2021). Pak Rupee As A Currency And Currency War. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 27(1), 889.
Hussain, S., Rafiq, M., Quddus, A., Ahmad, N., and Tien , P. (2021). China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Cooperate Investment Development And Economic Modernization Encouragement. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 27(1), 96-108.
Iqbal, D. (2018). CPEC: A Corridor for Minimizing Political Fault lines in South Asia. Changing Security Situation in South Asia and Development of CPEC (pp. 91-111). Islamabad: Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI).
Javaid, U. (2016). Assessing CPEC: Potential Threats and Prospects.. JRSP, 53(2), 254-269.
Jia, C. (2017). New Trends of US Policy toward South Asia: Challenges to CPEC. IPRI Journal, XVII (1), 95-121.
Jiang, L. (2015). India's attitude toward CPEC and China's countermeasure. Retrieved February 20, 2021, from GC University Lahore: http://www.ps.gcu.edu.pk/iccpec/
Markey, D., and West, J. (2016). Behind China's Gambit in Pakistan. Retrieved March 31, 2021, from http://www.cfr.org: http://www.cfr.org/pakistan/behind-chinas-gambit-pakistan/p37855
Naseer, S. (2017). CPEC: Past and Future Challenges. Retrieved March 31, 2021, from Spearhead Research: http://www.spearheadresearch.org
Rasool, S., and Kundi, M. (2018). CPEC, the driver of globalization and positive peace: an Inquiry through Kashmir dispute. The pakistan journal of social issues, Special Issue June, 28-36.
Rifaat, H., and Maini, T. (2016). The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor Strategic Rationales, External Perspectives, and Challenges to Effective Implementation. Retrieved from Stimson Centre: http://www.stimson.org
Shoukat, A. (2015). Importance and Implications of CPEC in South Asia: The Indian Factor. Journal of Indian Studies, 1(1), 21-36.
Siddiqi, F. (2018). CPEC and Geo-Politico-Economic Trends of the Region: An Appraisal. Changing Security Situation in South Asia and Development of CPEC (pp. 25-44). Islamabad: Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI).
Usman, M. (2020). Iran-Pakistan Relation: Impact on CPEC. Asian Journal of Social Science and Management Technology, 2(3), 53-60.
Wani, M. (2017, March 19). CPEC and Kashmir: A study in the context of geoeconomics perspective. Retrieved from The Daily Greater Kashmir: https://www.researchgate.net/publicatio n/325659474_1CPEC_AND_KASHMIR_1932017-md-hr-9?enrichId=rgreq-48c979a0cb70b1ff9d6b3a6e5fd0e 71f-XXXandenrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzMyNTY1OTQ3NDtBUzo2MzU1Nzk2NDk3NjEyODFAM TUyOD U0NTQwNTA2NA%3D%3Dandel=1_x_2and_esc=publicationCov.
Wellens, K. (1990). Resolutions and Statements of the United Nations Security Council:(1946-1989). A Thematic Guide. Brill.