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COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL MONITORING SYSTEMS REGARDING MONITORING STUDENTS’ ATTENDANCE AT PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN DISTRICT BANNU
Corresponding Author(s) : Wali Ahmad Khan
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 9 No. 4 (2021): July
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The key purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of Internal and External Monitoring systems regarding students’ attendance at primary school level Bannu.
Methodology: Descriptive survey design was used for this study. The data was taken from head Teachers through a self-developed questionnaire of the 6-Likert scale. According to John Curry (1984) Sample size rule of Thumb, out of N= 650, n= 65 respondents was taken from district Bannu. A simple random technique was used, and also validity and reliability of the instrument were making sure in this study. Data were analyzed through SPSS by using Mean, Std. Deviation and t-test.
Main Findings: The main findings of the existing study shown that the officials of external monitoring are better in monitor the students’ attendance, improving students’ attendance during routine monitoring, priority-based check-up of primary school students attendance during official visits, and pointing out of students absentees while the internal monitoring officials perform better only regarding “encouraging school staff to motivate the regular students with the proper awardâ€.
Applications of this study: The existing study greatly significant for Educational administrators and monitoring departments, policymakers, Head Teachers, and the government which can find the real fact and issues about student attendance.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The current study is fairly new and unique in the field of education department of the monitoring system. The current study is the original research work of a researcher in the field of the education monitoring system of IMS and EMS/IMU.
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- Ali, A., & Hussain, I.A., (2020). The Effects of Independent Monitoring Unit at the Performance of Primary Schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Dialogue, 15(2), 1-9.
- Ashfaq, M. (2014). Independent monitors to oversee school affairs in KP. The Dawn Today’s papers/January 23, 2014, retrieved today's paper/Jun 23, 2021.
- Ashraf, M. A., & Hafiza, I. I. (2016). Education and Development of Pakistan: A Study of Current Situation of Education and Literacy in Pakistan. US-China Education Review, 6(11). 647-654. https://doi.org/10. 17265/2161-6248/2016.11.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6248/2016.11.003
- Mahmood, Z. (2017). Comparison of internal and external monitoring systems in terms of students’ attendance, enrollment, and retention in Punjab Education Department-Pakistan, J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci., 7(8), 58-67.
- Farooq, M.S., Feroz, N., & Tong, Y. (2017). Public vs. private quality education at primary level in Pakistan. International Online Journal of Primary Education, 6(2), 1-23.
- Government of Punjab (2001). Punjab Education Sector Reform Programme – (PESRP). Department of School Education. http://www.pesrp.edu.pk/pmiu.php?v=programs dated: 22/11/2009
- Haidar, S. (2016). Passport to Privilege: Access to English in Different School Systems in Pakistan (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation). The University of Rochester.
- Haidar, S., & Fang, F. (2019). Access to English in Pakistan: a source of prestige or a hindrance to success. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 39(4), 485-500. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2019.1671805 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2019.1671805
- Jatoi, H. (2010). Non-Functional schools in Pakistan: Does Monitoring System has an Impact? 1-102.
- Karande & Kulkarni (2017) Micro-consequences of high fertility: The case of child schooling in rural Pakistan, 415-444.
- McCutcheon, S. (2007). Punjabi Reforms www.UNDP.org/pk dated 04/03/2010
- Bradley, R. R. (2015). A Comprehensive Approach to Improving Student Attendance. Unpublished Doctor of Education Thesis. St.John Fisher College. https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/education_etd/225
- Muhmood, Z. (2015). Comparative Effectiveness of Internal and External Monitoring Systems in Punjab Education Department. 1-340.
- O’Neil, A. (2021). Literacy rate in Pakistan 2017. Statista; https://www.statista.com/statisti cs/572781/literacy-rate-in-pakistan/
- Pasha, F.R. (2020). Education Budget of Pakistan. Pakistan Alliance for Girls Education, https://page.org.pk/education-budget-of-pakistan/
- Shah, D. (2004). Decentralization in the Education System of Pakistan: Policies and Strategies. Islamabad: MOE. Academy of Education Planning and Management.
- Shah, D. (2009). Monitoring the Quality of Secondary Education in Context of Decentralization in Pakistan. Lahore: Bulletin of Education and Research, IER, University of Punjab. 31(1), 1-25.
- Shami, P.A. (2009). Educational Leadership and Institutional Management, Islamabad: AEPM, MOE.
- Ford, J., & Sutphen, R. D. (2016). Early intervention to improve attendance in elementary school for at-risk children: A pilot program. Social Work in Education, 18(2), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/18.2.95 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/18.2.95
- World Bank (2007). Monitoring and Evaluation Development Project- the South Asian Experience, Economic Development Institute. www.worldbank.org dated 04/04/2010
- Akinduyite, C. O., Adetunmbi, A. O., Olabode, O. O., & Ibidunmoye, E. O. (2013). Fingerprint-based attendance management system. J. Comput. Sci. Appl., 1(5), 100-105. https://doi.org/10.12691/jcsa-1-5-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12691/jcsa-1-5-4
- Shoewu, O., & Idowu, O. A. (2012). Development of attendance management system using Biometrics. Pacific J. Sci. Technol., 13(1), 300-307.
- Chandramohan, J., Nagarajan, R., Ashok-kumar, M., Dineshkumar, T., Kannan, G., & Prakash, R. (2017). The attendance monitoring system of students based on biometric and GPS tracking systems. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management, and Science (IJAEMS), i(3), 241-246. https://doi.org/1 0.24001/ijaems.3.3.16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.3.16
- Zainal, N.I., Sidek, K.A., Gunawan, T.S., & Martini, H.M.M. (2014). Design and development of portable classroom attendance system based on Arduino and fingerprint Biometric, IEEE International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for the Muslim World, Nov. 17-18. https://doi.org/10.11 09/ICT4M.2014.7020601
- Ali, A., & Hussain, A.I. (2020). The effects of independent monitoring unit at the performance of primary schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Dialogue, 15(2), 1-9.
- Clercq, F. (2009). School monitoring and change: a critical examination of Whole School-Evaluation. Education as Change, 11(2), 97-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/16823200709487168 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16823200709487168
- Reid, K. (2006). Raising school attendance: a case study of good practice in monitoring and raising standards. Quality Assurance in Education, 14(3), 199-216. https://doi.org/10.1108/09684880610678531 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09684880610678531
- Oghuvbu, E. P. (2010). Attendance and academic performance of students in secondary schools: A correlational approach. Studies on Home and Community Science, 4(1), 21-25. https://doi.org/10.10 80/09737189.2010.11885294 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09737189.2010.11885294
- Sekiwu, D., Ssempala, F., & Frances, N. (2020). Investigating the relationship between school attendance and academic performance in universal primary education: The case of Uganda. African Educational Research Journal, 8(2), 152-160. https://doi.org/10.30918/AERJ.82.20.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30918/AERJ.82.20.017
- Morrissey, T. W., Hutchison, L., & Winsler, A. (2014). Family income, school attendance, and academic achievement in elementary school. Developmental Psychology, 50(3), 741-768. https://doi.org/10. 1037/a0033848 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033848
References
Ali, A., & Hussain, I.A., (2020). The Effects of Independent Monitoring Unit at the Performance of Primary Schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Dialogue, 15(2), 1-9.
Ashfaq, M. (2014). Independent monitors to oversee school affairs in KP. The Dawn Today’s papers/January 23, 2014, retrieved today's paper/Jun 23, 2021.
Ashraf, M. A., & Hafiza, I. I. (2016). Education and Development of Pakistan: A Study of Current Situation of Education and Literacy in Pakistan. US-China Education Review, 6(11). 647-654. https://doi.org/10. 17265/2161-6248/2016.11.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6248/2016.11.003
Mahmood, Z. (2017). Comparison of internal and external monitoring systems in terms of students’ attendance, enrollment, and retention in Punjab Education Department-Pakistan, J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci., 7(8), 58-67.
Farooq, M.S., Feroz, N., & Tong, Y. (2017). Public vs. private quality education at primary level in Pakistan. International Online Journal of Primary Education, 6(2), 1-23.
Government of Punjab (2001). Punjab Education Sector Reform Programme – (PESRP). Department of School Education. http://www.pesrp.edu.pk/pmiu.php?v=programs dated: 22/11/2009
Haidar, S. (2016). Passport to Privilege: Access to English in Different School Systems in Pakistan (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation). The University of Rochester.
Haidar, S., & Fang, F. (2019). Access to English in Pakistan: a source of prestige or a hindrance to success. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 39(4), 485-500. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2019.1671805 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2019.1671805
Jatoi, H. (2010). Non-Functional schools in Pakistan: Does Monitoring System has an Impact? 1-102.
Karande & Kulkarni (2017) Micro-consequences of high fertility: The case of child schooling in rural Pakistan, 415-444.
McCutcheon, S. (2007). Punjabi Reforms www.UNDP.org/pk dated 04/03/2010
Bradley, R. R. (2015). A Comprehensive Approach to Improving Student Attendance. Unpublished Doctor of Education Thesis. St.John Fisher College. https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/education_etd/225
Muhmood, Z. (2015). Comparative Effectiveness of Internal and External Monitoring Systems in Punjab Education Department. 1-340.
O’Neil, A. (2021). Literacy rate in Pakistan 2017. Statista; https://www.statista.com/statisti cs/572781/literacy-rate-in-pakistan/
Pasha, F.R. (2020). Education Budget of Pakistan. Pakistan Alliance for Girls Education, https://page.org.pk/education-budget-of-pakistan/
Shah, D. (2004). Decentralization in the Education System of Pakistan: Policies and Strategies. Islamabad: MOE. Academy of Education Planning and Management.
Shah, D. (2009). Monitoring the Quality of Secondary Education in Context of Decentralization in Pakistan. Lahore: Bulletin of Education and Research, IER, University of Punjab. 31(1), 1-25.
Shami, P.A. (2009). Educational Leadership and Institutional Management, Islamabad: AEPM, MOE.
Ford, J., & Sutphen, R. D. (2016). Early intervention to improve attendance in elementary school for at-risk children: A pilot program. Social Work in Education, 18(2), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/18.2.95 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/18.2.95
World Bank (2007). Monitoring and Evaluation Development Project- the South Asian Experience, Economic Development Institute. www.worldbank.org dated 04/04/2010
Akinduyite, C. O., Adetunmbi, A. O., Olabode, O. O., & Ibidunmoye, E. O. (2013). Fingerprint-based attendance management system. J. Comput. Sci. Appl., 1(5), 100-105. https://doi.org/10.12691/jcsa-1-5-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12691/jcsa-1-5-4
Shoewu, O., & Idowu, O. A. (2012). Development of attendance management system using Biometrics. Pacific J. Sci. Technol., 13(1), 300-307.
Chandramohan, J., Nagarajan, R., Ashok-kumar, M., Dineshkumar, T., Kannan, G., & Prakash, R. (2017). The attendance monitoring system of students based on biometric and GPS tracking systems. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management, and Science (IJAEMS), i(3), 241-246. https://doi.org/1 0.24001/ijaems.3.3.16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.3.16
Zainal, N.I., Sidek, K.A., Gunawan, T.S., & Martini, H.M.M. (2014). Design and development of portable classroom attendance system based on Arduino and fingerprint Biometric, IEEE International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for the Muslim World, Nov. 17-18. https://doi.org/10.11 09/ICT4M.2014.7020601
Ali, A., & Hussain, A.I. (2020). The effects of independent monitoring unit at the performance of primary schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Dialogue, 15(2), 1-9.
Clercq, F. (2009). School monitoring and change: a critical examination of Whole School-Evaluation. Education as Change, 11(2), 97-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/16823200709487168 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16823200709487168
Reid, K. (2006). Raising school attendance: a case study of good practice in monitoring and raising standards. Quality Assurance in Education, 14(3), 199-216. https://doi.org/10.1108/09684880610678531 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09684880610678531
Oghuvbu, E. P. (2010). Attendance and academic performance of students in secondary schools: A correlational approach. Studies on Home and Community Science, 4(1), 21-25. https://doi.org/10.10 80/09737189.2010.11885294 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09737189.2010.11885294
Sekiwu, D., Ssempala, F., & Frances, N. (2020). Investigating the relationship between school attendance and academic performance in universal primary education: The case of Uganda. African Educational Research Journal, 8(2), 152-160. https://doi.org/10.30918/AERJ.82.20.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30918/AERJ.82.20.017
Morrissey, T. W., Hutchison, L., & Winsler, A. (2014). Family income, school attendance, and academic achievement in elementary school. Developmental Psychology, 50(3), 741-768. https://doi.org/10. 1037/a0033848 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033848