Issue
Authors retain the copyright without restrictions for their published content in this journal. HSSR is a SHERPA ROMEO Green Journal.
Publishing License
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of
THE COVID-19 CONTAGION AND MENTAL HEALTH OF THE STUDENTS
Corresponding Author(s) : Malik Amer Atta
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021): May
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The main purpose of the study was to find out “the effect of covid-19 contagion and mental health of the students at higher secondary schools in Dera Ismail Khanâ€.
Methodology: The descriptive method of research was used in this study. Convenient and snowball sampling techniques were used to get the required data. For data analysis mean, standard deviation, p-value, and t-distribution were used.
Main Findings: It was found that parents’ perceptions were very positive as 77.9 % of parents agreed with the 15 statements of the questionnaire. The difference between the perceptions of urban and rural parents remained insignificant and their perceptions were nearly similar about the topic under research. So, Pakistan should adopt all the necessary measures to restore the mental health of students through any means and at any cost.
Applications of this study: This current study is applicable in the mental health of high and higher secondary schools students of district Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The results of this research imitate its innovation. This research targeted to find the effect of corona various on the mental health of the higher secondary school students. This research will provide us with complete awareness about covid-19 and its effect on the mental health of higher secondary school students. This research provides us with a strong root for covid-19 and its effect on students' mental health and also provides us psychological treatment as well.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Adhikari et al. (2020). Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. Infectious diseases of poverty, 9(1), 1-12. https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x
- Asif, H. M., & Sattar, H. A. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health of University Students in Pakistan. https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202012.0367/v1
- Augustine, B. D. (2020). COVID-19 to slow down Pakistan’s economic growth: Asian Development Bank. Retrieved 2nd June 2020, from https://gulfnews.com/business/Covid-19-to-slowdown-pakistans-economic- growth-Asian-development-bank-1.70803457
- Banerjee, D. (2020). The COVID-19 outbreak: Crucial role the psychiatrists can play. Asian journal of psychiatry, 50, 102014. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7270773/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102014
- Brooks et al. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: a rapid review of the evidence. The lancet, 395(10227), 912-920. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140 673620304608 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
- Cao et al. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in Chinaâ€, Psychiatry Research, 112934. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165178120305400 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
- Chen et al. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e15-e16. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(20)30078-X/fulltext DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X
- Eisenberg et al. (2007). Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality among university studentsâ€, American Journal of orthopsychiatry, 77(4), 534-542. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.10 37/0002-9432.77.4.534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.77.4.534
- Goyal et al. (2020). Fear of COVID 2019: First suicidal case in India! https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-24129-001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101989
- Haq, Z. U., Nazli, H., & Meilke, K. (2008). Implications of high food prices for poverty in Pakistan. Agricultural Economics, 39, 477-484. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00353.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00353.x
- Huang et al. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497-506. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140673620301835 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
- Iftikhar A., (2020). COVID-19 and Labor Market. Centre for Labor research. https://clr.org.pk/Covid-19-labour-market. Islamabad (5.6.2020, 6: 03am)
- Lee, J. (2020). Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(6), 421. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS23524642(20)30109-7/fulltext DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30109-7
- Lee et al. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of US college students. BMC psychology, 9(1), 1-10. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40359-021-00598-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00598-3
- Lima et al. (2020). The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-Nov (new Coronavirus disease). Psychiatry Research, 287, 112915. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165178120305163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112915
- Lu, H. (2020). Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Bioscience trends, 14(1), 69-71. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bst/14/1/14_2020.01020/_article/-char/ja/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2020.01020
- Mamun, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). A rare case of Bangladeshi student suicide by gunshot due to unusual multiple causalities. Asian journal of psychiatry, 49. https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=vi ew_citation&hl=en&user=vB8YUboAAAAJ&citation_for_view=vB8YUboAAAAJ:L8Ckcad2t8MC DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101951
- Mamun, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102073. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7139250/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102073
- Mamun, M. A., & Ullah, I. (2020). COVID-19 suicides in Pakistan, dying off not COVID-19 fear but poverty?–The forthcoming economic challenges for a developing country. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 163. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7212955/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.028
- Ministry of National Health Services (2020) Regulations & Coordination, 3rd Floor Kohsar Block,
- Moghe, K., Kotecha, D., & Patil, M. (2020). COVID-19 and Mental Health: A Study of its Impact on Students. MedRxiv. http://repositorio.uninove.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/1524 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.05.20160499
- Mukhtar, S. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial aspects of coronavirus outbreak in Pakistan: psychological intervention for a public mental health crisis. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102069. https://www.ncbi .nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7161472/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102069
- Nafees, M., & Khan, F. (2020). Pakistan’s Response to COVID-19 Pandemic and Efficacy of Quarantine and Partial Lockdown: A Review. Electron J Gen Med., 17(2), emXXX. https://scholar.google.com/citations? view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=WJQNAHMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=WJQNAHMAAAAJ:dhFuZR0502QC DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7951
- Qiu et al. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General psychiatry, 33(2). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g ov/pmc/articles/PMC7061893/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213corr1
- Rana, W., Mukhtar, S., & Mukhtar, S. (2020). The mental health of medical workers in Pakistan during the pandemic COVID-19 outbreak. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102080. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g ov/pmc/articles/PMC7139243/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102080
- Rana, W., Mukhtar, S., & Mukhtar, S. (2020). The mental health of medical workers in Pakistan during the pandemic COVID-19 outbreak. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102080. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /pmc/articles/PMC7139243/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102080
- Rodriguez-Morales et al. (2020). COVID-19, an emerging coronavirus infection: current scenario and recent developments-an overview. J Pure Appl Microbiol, 14(1), 5-12. https://scholar.google.com/citations?vi ew_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=3M7hD1QAAAAJ&cstart=20&pagesize=80&citation_for_view=3M7hD1QAAAAJ:y7JhAc_VBLgC DOI: https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.14.1.02
- Saleem, S., & Mahmood, Z. (2013). Mental health problems in university students: A prevalence study. http://escholar.umt.edu.pk:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/1114
- Saqlain et al. (2020). Is Pakistan prepared to tackle the coronavirus epidemic? Drugs & Therapy Perspectives, 1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095264/
- Seetan et al. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on medical students’ mental wellbeing in Jordan. Plus one, 16(6), e0253295. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0253295 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253295
- Son et al. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on college students’ mental health in the United States: An interview survey study. Journal of medical internet research, 22(9), e21279. https://www.jmir.org/2020/9/e21279/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/21279
- Tosevski, D. L., Milovancevic, M. P., & Gajic, S. D. (2010). Personality and psychopathology of university students. Current opinion in psychiatry, 23(1), 48-52. https://journals.lww.com/co-psychiatry/Fulltext/2010/01000/Personality_and_psychopathology_of_university.10.aspx DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e328333d625
- Toussaint et al. (2020). Sensitivity to change and minimal clinically important difference of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7). Journal of affective disorders, 265, 395-401. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032719313643 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.032
- Waris et al. (2020). COVID-19 outbreak: current scenario of Pakistan. New Microbes and New Infections, 35, 100681. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2052297520300330 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100681
References
Adhikari et al. (2020). Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. Infectious diseases of poverty, 9(1), 1-12. https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x
Asif, H. M., & Sattar, H. A. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health of University Students in Pakistan. https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202012.0367/v1
Augustine, B. D. (2020). COVID-19 to slow down Pakistan’s economic growth: Asian Development Bank. Retrieved 2nd June 2020, from https://gulfnews.com/business/Covid-19-to-slowdown-pakistans-economic- growth-Asian-development-bank-1.70803457
Banerjee, D. (2020). The COVID-19 outbreak: Crucial role the psychiatrists can play. Asian journal of psychiatry, 50, 102014. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7270773/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102014
Brooks et al. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: a rapid review of the evidence. The lancet, 395(10227), 912-920. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140 673620304608 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Cao et al. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in Chinaâ€, Psychiatry Research, 112934. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165178120305400 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
Chen et al. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e15-e16. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(20)30078-X/fulltext DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X
Eisenberg et al. (2007). Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality among university studentsâ€, American Journal of orthopsychiatry, 77(4), 534-542. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.10 37/0002-9432.77.4.534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.77.4.534
Goyal et al. (2020). Fear of COVID 2019: First suicidal case in India! https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-24129-001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101989
Haq, Z. U., Nazli, H., & Meilke, K. (2008). Implications of high food prices for poverty in Pakistan. Agricultural Economics, 39, 477-484. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00353.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00353.x
Huang et al. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497-506. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140673620301835 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
Iftikhar A., (2020). COVID-19 and Labor Market. Centre for Labor research. https://clr.org.pk/Covid-19-labour-market. Islamabad (5.6.2020, 6: 03am)
Lee, J. (2020). Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(6), 421. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS23524642(20)30109-7/fulltext DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30109-7
Lee et al. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of US college students. BMC psychology, 9(1), 1-10. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40359-021-00598-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00598-3
Lima et al. (2020). The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-Nov (new Coronavirus disease). Psychiatry Research, 287, 112915. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165178120305163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112915
Lu, H. (2020). Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Bioscience trends, 14(1), 69-71. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bst/14/1/14_2020.01020/_article/-char/ja/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2020.01020
Mamun, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). A rare case of Bangladeshi student suicide by gunshot due to unusual multiple causalities. Asian journal of psychiatry, 49. https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=vi ew_citation&hl=en&user=vB8YUboAAAAJ&citation_for_view=vB8YUboAAAAJ:L8Ckcad2t8MC DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101951
Mamun, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102073. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7139250/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102073
Mamun, M. A., & Ullah, I. (2020). COVID-19 suicides in Pakistan, dying off not COVID-19 fear but poverty?–The forthcoming economic challenges for a developing country. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 163. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7212955/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.028
Ministry of National Health Services (2020) Regulations & Coordination, 3rd Floor Kohsar Block,
Moghe, K., Kotecha, D., & Patil, M. (2020). COVID-19 and Mental Health: A Study of its Impact on Students. MedRxiv. http://repositorio.uninove.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/1524 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.05.20160499
Mukhtar, S. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial aspects of coronavirus outbreak in Pakistan: psychological intervention for a public mental health crisis. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102069. https://www.ncbi .nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7161472/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102069
Nafees, M., & Khan, F. (2020). Pakistan’s Response to COVID-19 Pandemic and Efficacy of Quarantine and Partial Lockdown: A Review. Electron J Gen Med., 17(2), emXXX. https://scholar.google.com/citations? view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=WJQNAHMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=WJQNAHMAAAAJ:dhFuZR0502QC DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7951
Qiu et al. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General psychiatry, 33(2). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g ov/pmc/articles/PMC7061893/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213corr1
Rana, W., Mukhtar, S., & Mukhtar, S. (2020). The mental health of medical workers in Pakistan during the pandemic COVID-19 outbreak. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102080. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g ov/pmc/articles/PMC7139243/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102080
Rana, W., Mukhtar, S., & Mukhtar, S. (2020). The mental health of medical workers in Pakistan during the pandemic COVID-19 outbreak. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102080. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /pmc/articles/PMC7139243/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102080
Rodriguez-Morales et al. (2020). COVID-19, an emerging coronavirus infection: current scenario and recent developments-an overview. J Pure Appl Microbiol, 14(1), 5-12. https://scholar.google.com/citations?vi ew_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=3M7hD1QAAAAJ&cstart=20&pagesize=80&citation_for_view=3M7hD1QAAAAJ:y7JhAc_VBLgC DOI: https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.14.1.02
Saleem, S., & Mahmood, Z. (2013). Mental health problems in university students: A prevalence study. http://escholar.umt.edu.pk:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/1114
Saqlain et al. (2020). Is Pakistan prepared to tackle the coronavirus epidemic? Drugs & Therapy Perspectives, 1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095264/
Seetan et al. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on medical students’ mental wellbeing in Jordan. Plus one, 16(6), e0253295. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0253295 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253295
Son et al. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on college students’ mental health in the United States: An interview survey study. Journal of medical internet research, 22(9), e21279. https://www.jmir.org/2020/9/e21279/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/21279
Tosevski, D. L., Milovancevic, M. P., & Gajic, S. D. (2010). Personality and psychopathology of university students. Current opinion in psychiatry, 23(1), 48-52. https://journals.lww.com/co-psychiatry/Fulltext/2010/01000/Personality_and_psychopathology_of_university.10.aspx DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e328333d625
Toussaint et al. (2020). Sensitivity to change and minimal clinically important difference of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7). Journal of affective disorders, 265, 395-401. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032719313643 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.032
Waris et al. (2020). COVID-19 outbreak: current scenario of Pakistan. New Microbes and New Infections, 35, 100681. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2052297520300330 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100681