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The American role in the Anti-Soviet Afghan War (1977- 1980)
Corresponding Author(s) : Naeem Abed Joudah
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 9 No. 5 (2021): September
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This study aims to discuss the American role in the anti-Soviet Afghan war and disclose the reasons for the Soviet worry about the growth of the fundamentalist terrorist groups inside Afghanistan.
Methodology: This is library-based research work.
Results: The article has come up with some main points on that severe war. One of these was that the American President Jimmy Carter's Doctrine in 1980. Carter's Doctrine could be considered a sort of policy that allows the use of military force in case American interests are exposed to Soviet threats. As a result, the American administration promised to militarily support the Afghan fighters against the Soviet control in Afghanistan. But, at the same time, the Americans failed to realize the ethnic, ideological, social, lingual, and theological structure of the Afghan society.
Application: This study could have many applications in the faculties of politics and the contemporary altogether to teach the ways of public and secret or hidden political relationships between the secular states or so-called superpowers that employed the extremist groups to overwhelm the stable states that do not subdue to the western domination.
Novelty: This study explores the incorrect claim of the superpowers in general and of the United States of America in particular of the theory of separation religion and the state, which is often used in the double standard.
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- Arka, B. (2013). Durand Line: history Legality and Future. Occasional Paper, Vivekananda International Foundation, New Delhi.
- Bell, W. G. (1981). Secretaries of War and Secretaries of the Army. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History.
- Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2020, May 11). Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Soviet-invasion-of-Afghanistan
- Brzezinski, Z. K. (1983). Power and Principle: Memoirs of the National Security Advisor 1977-1981. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
- Carter J. (1982). Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press.
- Donald, P. (1979). Lecher, Hurrian Rights and American Foreign Policy. Norte Dale, Indian: University of Norte Damen Press.
- Eizenstat, S. E. (2018). President Carter: The White House Years. Thomas Dunne Books.
- Gelb, L. H. (1980, April 29). Vance–Torn by Ideals and by Loyalty to Carter. The New York Times
- Genovese, M. A. (2009). Encyclopedia of the American Presidency. Facts on File.
- Holsti, K. (1982). Why Nations Realign: Foreign Policy Restructuring in the Postwar World. London: UK: George Allen & Unwin Publishers, Ltd., PP: 208-219.
- Jordan, H. (1982). Crisis: The Last Year of the Carter Presidency. New York: Putnam.
- Justin, V. (1918). American Grand Strategist, Translate Catherin Porter. New York: Harvard University, PP: 119-137.
- Kaufman, S. (2008). Plans Unraveled: The Foreign Policy of the Carter Administration. De Kalb: Northern Illinois Press.
- Leffler, M. P. (2018), Ronald Reagan, and The Cold War: What Mattered Most. Taxes national Security Review, 1(3), 77-89.
- Lowenstein, U. J. (2016). Foreign policy and the Soviet-Afghan War: A Revisionist History. Yale University Press, PP: 53-62.
- McLellan, D. S. (1985). Cyrus Vance (American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy, number 20.). Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and Allanheld.
- Newman, W. W. (2003), Managing National Security Policy: The President and the Process. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
- Rennack, D. E. & Chesser S. G. (2011). Foreign Assistance Act of 1961: Authorizations and Corresponding Appropriations. Congressional Research Service, Washington.
- Smith, G. (1986). Morality, Reason and Power: American Diplomacy in the Carter Years. New York: Hill and Wang.
- Vance, C. R. (1983). Hard Choices. New York: Simon and Schuster.
References
Arka, B. (2013). Durand Line: history Legality and Future. Occasional Paper, Vivekananda International Foundation, New Delhi.
Bell, W. G. (1981). Secretaries of War and Secretaries of the Army. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History.
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2020, May 11). Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Soviet-invasion-of-Afghanistan
Brzezinski, Z. K. (1983). Power and Principle: Memoirs of the National Security Advisor 1977-1981. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Carter J. (1982). Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press.
Donald, P. (1979). Lecher, Hurrian Rights and American Foreign Policy. Norte Dale, Indian: University of Norte Damen Press.
Eizenstat, S. E. (2018). President Carter: The White House Years. Thomas Dunne Books.
Gelb, L. H. (1980, April 29). Vance–Torn by Ideals and by Loyalty to Carter. The New York Times
Genovese, M. A. (2009). Encyclopedia of the American Presidency. Facts on File.
Holsti, K. (1982). Why Nations Realign: Foreign Policy Restructuring in the Postwar World. London: UK: George Allen & Unwin Publishers, Ltd., PP: 208-219.
Jordan, H. (1982). Crisis: The Last Year of the Carter Presidency. New York: Putnam.
Justin, V. (1918). American Grand Strategist, Translate Catherin Porter. New York: Harvard University, PP: 119-137.
Kaufman, S. (2008). Plans Unraveled: The Foreign Policy of the Carter Administration. De Kalb: Northern Illinois Press.
Leffler, M. P. (2018), Ronald Reagan, and The Cold War: What Mattered Most. Taxes national Security Review, 1(3), 77-89.
Lowenstein, U. J. (2016). Foreign policy and the Soviet-Afghan War: A Revisionist History. Yale University Press, PP: 53-62.
McLellan, D. S. (1985). Cyrus Vance (American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy, number 20.). Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and Allanheld.
Newman, W. W. (2003), Managing National Security Policy: The President and the Process. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Rennack, D. E. & Chesser S. G. (2011). Foreign Assistance Act of 1961: Authorizations and Corresponding Appropriations. Congressional Research Service, Washington.
Smith, G. (1986). Morality, Reason and Power: American Diplomacy in the Carter Years. New York: Hill and Wang.
Vance, C. R. (1983). Hard Choices. New York: Simon and Schuster.