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SMART LIFE STYLES AND ARCHITECTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT; PERSPECTIVE FROM A DEVELOPING COUNTRY
Corresponding Author(s) : Nida Jawad
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021): March
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This study aims to evaluate smart lifestyles, especially in the context of washroom planning, to attain water conservation for sustainable development. Water is one of the essentials of life as we can not imagine our lives without water, so it is the primary need of the day to conserve as much water as we can. It is the harsh reality that water is being wasted without realizing its significance. This study aims to challenge the conventional ways of consuming water in our day-to-day life and aims to bring changes in how we can conserve and preserves this important natural resource.
Methodology: To get a clear insight into water conservation as well as its preservation, a survey was conducted at the 45 housing units of Apex Residency PCSIR II Lahore Pakistan which represents the middle class of our society. Interviewed were conducted from different age groups of each family. Water consumed per day by each member was estimated and further compared with water consumption to get a fair idea if they had been using smart lifestyles or not.
This study has made an attempt to consider modifications in three basic things; brushing, taking shower and washing hands and face. The data analysis was performed using SPSS ver.22.
Main Findings: It was found that 156 liters of water per person is being used in just three activities in a day out of which 46 litres of water per person can be saved daily. However, it is very important to make a plan as to how to preserve it.
Applications of the study: local administration of Lahore should devise a local plan for viable water frugality. Smart washroom fixtures are a must while planning smart washrooms.
The novelty of the study: This study assessed and evaluated our local population at large and eventually facilitated us with local results, which truly represent how we deal with this important natural resource. We as a Nation need to discuss and analyse all these points in detail and should try to modernize our lifestyles to preserve as much water as we can in our day-to-day life.
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- Arpke, A. and Hutzler, N. (2006). Domestic water use in the United States: A life-cycle approach. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 10(1–2), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.1162/108819806775545312 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/108819806775545312
- Distefano, T., & Kelly, S. (2017). Are we in deep water? Water scarcity and its limits to economic growth. Ecological Economics, 142, 130-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.06.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.06.019
- Beal, C.D., Stewart, R.A. and Fielding, K. (2013). A novel mixed method smart metering approach to reconciling differences between perceived and actual residential end-use water consumption. Journal of Cleaner Production, 60, 116-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.09.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.09.007
- Webber, M. E. (2016). Thirst for Power: Energy, water, and human survival. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.1364/PV.2017.JM1A.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/PV.2017.JM1A.1
- Zhang, D., Sial, M. S., Ahmad, N., Filipe, A. J., Thu, P. A., Zia-Ud-Din, M., & Caleiro, A. B. (2020). Water scarcity and sustainability in an emerging economy: a management perspective for future. Sustainability, 13(1), 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010144
- Dong, H., Geng, Y., Sarkis, J., Fujita, T., Okadera, T. and Xue, B., 2013. Regional water footprint evaluation in China: a case of Liaoning. Science of the Total Environment, 442, 215-224. https://doi.org/10.101 6/j.scitotenv.2012.10.049
- Mueller, N.D., Gerber, J.S., Johnston, M., Ray, D.K., Ramankutty, N. and Foley, J.A., 2012. Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water management. Nature, 490(7419), 254-257. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11420 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11420
- Sato, T., Qadir, M., Yamamoto, S., Endo, T. and Zahoor, A., 2013. Global, regional, and country level need for data on wastewater generation, treatment, and use. Agricultural Water Management, 130, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2013.08.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2013.08.007
- Kılıç, Z. (2020). The importance of water and conscious use of water. International Journal of Hydrology, 4(5), 239-241. https://doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2020.04.00250 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2020.04.00250
- Shah, M.T., Ara, J., Muhammad, S., Khan, S. and Tariq, S., 2012. Health risk assessment via surface water and sub-surface water consumption in the mafic and ultramafic terrain, Mohmand agency, northern Pakistan. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 118, 60-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.04.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.04.008
- He, C., Harden, C. P., & Liu, Y. (2020). Comparison of water resources management between China and the United States. Geography and Sustainability, 1(2), 98-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2020.04.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2020.04.002
- Hasan, M. K., Shahriar, A., & Jim, K. U. (2019). Water pollution in Bangladesh and its impact on public health. Heliyon, 5(8), e02145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02145 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02145
- Jamil, M. (2019). Running Dry: Water Scarcity in Pakistan. Naval Postgraduate School Monterey United States.
- Qureshi, R., & Ashraf, M. (2019). Water security issues of agriculture in Pakistan. PAS Islamabad Pak, 1, 41.
- Laghari, A. N., Vanham, D., & Rauch, W. (2012). The Indus basin in the framework of current and future water resources management. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16(4), 1063-1083. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1063-2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1063-2012
- Ishaque, W., & Shaikh, S. (2017). Water and energy security for Pakistan a retrospective analysis. Grassroots, 51(1).
- Khalid, P. D. I., & Khan, M. A. (2020). Water Scarcity-A Major Human Security Challenge to Pakistan. South Asian Studies, 31(2).
- Mayer, P. W., DeOreo, W. B., Opitz, E. M., Kiefer, J. C., Davis, W. Y., Dziegielewski, B., & Nelson, J. O. (1999). Residential end uses of water.
- Gleick, P. H. (1996). Basic water requirements for human activities: meeting basic needs. Water international, 21(2), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508069608686494 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508069608686494
- Zhang, D., Sial, M. S., Ahmad, N., Filipe, A. J., Thu, P. A., Zia-Ud-Din, M., & Caleiro, A. B. (2020). Water scarcity and sustainability in an emerging economy: a management perspective for future. Sustainability, 13(1), 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010144 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010144
- Hussain, S., Malik, S., Masud Cheema, M., Ashraf, M. U., Waqas, M., Iqbal, M., ... & Afzal, H. (2020). An overview of the emerging water scarcity challenge in Pakistan, its consumption, causes, impacts and remedial measures. Big Data in Water Resources Engineering (BDWRE), 1(1), 22-31. https://doi.org/10.2 6480/bdwre.01.2020.22.31 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26480/bdwre.01.2020.22.31
References
Arpke, A. and Hutzler, N. (2006). Domestic water use in the United States: A life-cycle approach. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 10(1–2), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.1162/108819806775545312 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/108819806775545312
Distefano, T., & Kelly, S. (2017). Are we in deep water? Water scarcity and its limits to economic growth. Ecological Economics, 142, 130-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.06.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.06.019
Beal, C.D., Stewart, R.A. and Fielding, K. (2013). A novel mixed method smart metering approach to reconciling differences between perceived and actual residential end-use water consumption. Journal of Cleaner Production, 60, 116-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.09.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.09.007
Webber, M. E. (2016). Thirst for Power: Energy, water, and human survival. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.1364/PV.2017.JM1A.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/PV.2017.JM1A.1
Zhang, D., Sial, M. S., Ahmad, N., Filipe, A. J., Thu, P. A., Zia-Ud-Din, M., & Caleiro, A. B. (2020). Water scarcity and sustainability in an emerging economy: a management perspective for future. Sustainability, 13(1), 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010144
Dong, H., Geng, Y., Sarkis, J., Fujita, T., Okadera, T. and Xue, B., 2013. Regional water footprint evaluation in China: a case of Liaoning. Science of the Total Environment, 442, 215-224. https://doi.org/10.101 6/j.scitotenv.2012.10.049
Mueller, N.D., Gerber, J.S., Johnston, M., Ray, D.K., Ramankutty, N. and Foley, J.A., 2012. Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water management. Nature, 490(7419), 254-257. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11420 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11420
Sato, T., Qadir, M., Yamamoto, S., Endo, T. and Zahoor, A., 2013. Global, regional, and country level need for data on wastewater generation, treatment, and use. Agricultural Water Management, 130, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2013.08.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2013.08.007
Kılıç, Z. (2020). The importance of water and conscious use of water. International Journal of Hydrology, 4(5), 239-241. https://doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2020.04.00250 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2020.04.00250
Shah, M.T., Ara, J., Muhammad, S., Khan, S. and Tariq, S., 2012. Health risk assessment via surface water and sub-surface water consumption in the mafic and ultramafic terrain, Mohmand agency, northern Pakistan. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 118, 60-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.04.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.04.008
He, C., Harden, C. P., & Liu, Y. (2020). Comparison of water resources management between China and the United States. Geography and Sustainability, 1(2), 98-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2020.04.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2020.04.002
Hasan, M. K., Shahriar, A., & Jim, K. U. (2019). Water pollution in Bangladesh and its impact on public health. Heliyon, 5(8), e02145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02145 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02145
Jamil, M. (2019). Running Dry: Water Scarcity in Pakistan. Naval Postgraduate School Monterey United States.
Qureshi, R., & Ashraf, M. (2019). Water security issues of agriculture in Pakistan. PAS Islamabad Pak, 1, 41.
Laghari, A. N., Vanham, D., & Rauch, W. (2012). The Indus basin in the framework of current and future water resources management. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16(4), 1063-1083. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1063-2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1063-2012
Ishaque, W., & Shaikh, S. (2017). Water and energy security for Pakistan a retrospective analysis. Grassroots, 51(1).
Khalid, P. D. I., & Khan, M. A. (2020). Water Scarcity-A Major Human Security Challenge to Pakistan. South Asian Studies, 31(2).
Mayer, P. W., DeOreo, W. B., Opitz, E. M., Kiefer, J. C., Davis, W. Y., Dziegielewski, B., & Nelson, J. O. (1999). Residential end uses of water.
Gleick, P. H. (1996). Basic water requirements for human activities: meeting basic needs. Water international, 21(2), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508069608686494 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508069608686494
Zhang, D., Sial, M. S., Ahmad, N., Filipe, A. J., Thu, P. A., Zia-Ud-Din, M., & Caleiro, A. B. (2020). Water scarcity and sustainability in an emerging economy: a management perspective for future. Sustainability, 13(1), 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010144 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010144
Hussain, S., Malik, S., Masud Cheema, M., Ashraf, M. U., Waqas, M., Iqbal, M., ... & Afzal, H. (2020). An overview of the emerging water scarcity challenge in Pakistan, its consumption, causes, impacts and remedial measures. Big Data in Water Resources Engineering (BDWRE), 1(1), 22-31. https://doi.org/10.2 6480/bdwre.01.2020.22.31 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26480/bdwre.01.2020.22.31