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Trends and Patterns of Migration from Jharkhand, India
Corresponding Author(s) : Shubham Kumar
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): March
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The central aim of this study is to comprehend and delineate trends and patterns of migration in Jharkhand. The basic purpose behind taking up migration for the study is to understand the problem and its impact on social status, which is directly related to the development and empowerment of all sections of society. This paper brings different bodies of literature together to provide an organized and structured framework.
Methodology: This paper has been written as a systematic literature review using Preferred Report Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). The relevance of the included publications could be justified based on their language and relativity in the field of social sciences.
Main Findings: Migration from Jharkhand encompasses various patterns, including labor migration, women's migration, seasonal migration, rural-urban migration, and tribal migration. Seasonal migration is particularly prevalent among marginalized and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups within the state. Research indicates a noteworthy inverse correlation between economic status and temporary migration, highlighting that economically deprived segments, such as Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes, exhibit a higher inclination toward seasonal migration. This trend underscores the distress-driven nature of migration in Jharkhand. Rural-to-urban migration accounts for over half of all seasonal migration, primarily driven by economic motives. Migration, to some extent, reflects the developmental processes underway in the region.
Application of the study: The detailed analysis of the concept and paradigms involved in migration, will be most useful for academicians, post-graduate researchers, and graduate students who seek to specialize in the area of migration from Jharkhand. This paper will also be helpful to policymakers in analyzing the developmental process in Jharkhand.
Originality/Novelty of the Study: This paper brings different bodies of literature together to provide an organized and structured framework. This ensured that the review process was more authentic and non-biased. The indexed literature was very helpful in the formation of a systematic literature review. The articles that are selected for study are mainly focused on evaluating trends and patterns of migration in Jharkhand.
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- Baa, Mukesh. (2017). The Reality of Migration amongst Oraon in Jharkhand. Journal of Tribal Intellectual Collective India, 4(2), 84 - 117.
- Bhagat, R.B. (2016). Migration patterns in Jharkhand: Nature, extent, and policy issues. International Conference on Inclusive and Sustainable Development in Jharkhand, Ranchi. Retrieved from
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307597598_Migration_Patterns_in_Jharkhand_Nature_Extent_and_Policy_Issues
- Britto, D. S., Chowdary, D. R. M., DEFALLA, D. B. M. A., & Mittal, P. M. (2024). Migrants Stock and Income: A Zoological Analysis of the Remittance Flow Between India and 31 Pairs of Countries. Migration Letters, 21(S6), 1317–1325. Retrieved from https://migrationletters.com/index.php/ml/article/view/8264
- Census of India. 2011. Data on migration 2011. From https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/migration.html.
- Davis, K. (1951). The population of India and Pakistan. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
- Dayal H. and A. K. Karan (2003). Labor Migration from Jharkhand. Institute for Human Development, New Delhi.
- Deogharia, P. C. (2012). Seasonal Migration from Rural Areas of Jharkhand: A Study of Remote Tribal Villages of South Chotanagpur Region. Journal of Economic and Social Development, VIII(1), 49–60.
- Deogharia, P.C. (2012) Migration from Remote Tribal Villages of Jharkhand: An Evidence from South Chotanagpur. Jharkhand Journal of Development and Management Studies, 10(3).
- Deshingkar P., Farrington J. (Eds). (2009). Circular migration and multilocal livelihood strategies in rural India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
- Dutta, S., Gogoi, A., Saikia, G., & Pegu, P. (2024). Deceived Dreams: Shedding Light On the Silent Voices of Tea Garden Labours’. Migration Letters, 21(S6), 1797–1805.
- Horo, Minashree (2017). The contextual factors: A study of the seasonal out-migration area of Ranchi district (Jharkhand). International Journal of Applied Social Science, 4(1-4), 6-17.
- Kaur, S., Azad, S., & Gupta, A. (2024). Revealing hidden patterns in Indian migration using network analytics. International Journal of Information Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-023-01703-y
- Keshari, K., & Bhagat, R. B. (2012). Temporary and Seasonal Migration: Regional Pattern, Characteristics, and Associated Factors. Economic and Political Weekly, 47(4), 81–88.
- Kothari, U. (2003). Staying put and staying poor. Journal of International Development, 15, 645–657. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1022
- Kumar, Ashwani & Deogharia, Prakash. (2017). Impact of MGNREGA on rural-urban migration: A case study of Jharkhand. Journal of Economic & Social Development, XIII(2).
- Kumar, Saurav & Sati, Vishwambhar & Singh, Ruchi & Roy, Chandan. (2023). Patterns and drivers of internal migration: insights from Jharkhand, India. Geo Journal. 88, 4971-4990. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-023-10895-6
- Kurane, A., & Topno, S. (2006). Migration of Tribal Girls of Jharkhand to Mumbai for Domestic Work: A Study of Domestic Working Tribal Girls of Jharkhand in Mumbai. The Oriental Anthropologist, 6(2), 362–375. https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020060209
- Louis, Prakash (2000). Marginalisation of Tribals. Economic and Political Weekly, 35(47), 4087–4091.
- Ministry of Finance, Government of India, (2017). Economic Survey 2016-17. OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, edition 2, number 9780199477661.
- National Sample Survey Organisation. (2010). Migration in India. Report No.533 s(64/10.2/2),2007_2008, National Sample Survey Organisation. New Delhi: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India.
- Mosse, D., Gupta, S., Mehta, M., Shah, V., Rees, J., & KRIBP Project Team (2002). Brokered livelihoods: Debt, labor migration and development in tribal western India. Journal of Development Studies, 38(5), 59–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380412331322511
- Neetha, N. (2003). Migration, Social Networking and Employment: A Study of Domestic Workers in Delhi. NLI Research Study Series, No 37, V V Giri National Labor Institute, Noida.
- Neetha, N. (2004). Making of Female Breadwinners: Migration and Social Networking of Women Domestics in Delhi. Economic and Political Weekly, 39, 1681-1688.
- Rajan, S.I., Keshri, K., and Deshingkar, P. (2023). Understanding Temporary Labour Migration Through the Lens of Caste: India Case Study. In: Rajan, S.I. (eds. ), Migration in South Asia. IMISCOE Research Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34194-6_7
- Society for Regional Research and Analysis (2010), Migration of Tribal Women: Its Socio-economic Effects - An In-depth Study of Chhatisgarh, Jharkhand, M.P., and Orissa Submitted to: Planning Commission, Government of India Yojana Bhawan, Sansad Marg, New Delhi 110 001
- Rao, Nitya, & Mitra, Amit. (2013). Migration, Representations, and Social Relations: Experiences of Jharkhand Labor to Western Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Development Studies. 49. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2013.778399
- Rogaly, B., & Rafique, A. (2003). Struggling to save cash: Seasonal migration and vulnerability in West Bengal, India. Development and Change, 34, 659–681. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00323
- Shah, A. (2006). The labor of love: Seasonal migration from Jharkhand to the brick kilns of other states in India. Contributions to Indian Sociology, 40(1), 91–118. https://doi.org/10.1177/006996670504000104
- Sharma, Kiran. (2018). Urbanisation, Migration and Poverty in Jharkhand: Problems and Prospects, The Tribal Tribune, 5(2).
- Singh, V., & Jha, K. N. (2004). Migration of Tribal Women from Jharkhand: The Price of Development. Indian Anthropologist, 34(2), 69–78.
- Sucharita, S. (2020). Socio-economic Determinants of Temporary Labor Migration in Western Jharkhand, India. Millennial Asia, 11(2), 226–251. https://doi.org/10.1177/0976399620925451
- Sucharita, Sanhita & Rout, Lisma. (2020). Determinants of seasonal migration of Jharkhand: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Public Affairs, 20. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2070
- United Nations, (1956), Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, ST/SOA/SER. A/29, Population Studies No. 29, New York.
- Wadhawan, N. (2013). Living in Domesti-City: Women and Migration for domestic work from Jharkhand. Economic and Political Weekly, 48(43), 47–54.
References
Baa, Mukesh. (2017). The Reality of Migration amongst Oraon in Jharkhand. Journal of Tribal Intellectual Collective India, 4(2), 84 - 117.
Bhagat, R.B. (2016). Migration patterns in Jharkhand: Nature, extent, and policy issues. International Conference on Inclusive and Sustainable Development in Jharkhand, Ranchi. Retrieved from
Britto, D. S., Chowdary, D. R. M., DEFALLA, D. B. M. A., & Mittal, P. M. (2024). Migrants Stock and Income: A Zoological Analysis of the Remittance Flow Between India and 31 Pairs of Countries. Migration Letters, 21(S6), 1317–1325. Retrieved from https://migrationletters.com/index.php/ml/article/view/8264
Census of India. 2011. Data on migration 2011. From https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/migration.html.
Davis, K. (1951). The population of India and Pakistan. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Dayal H. and A. K. Karan (2003). Labor Migration from Jharkhand. Institute for Human Development, New Delhi.
Deogharia, P. C. (2012). Seasonal Migration from Rural Areas of Jharkhand: A Study of Remote Tribal Villages of South Chotanagpur Region. Journal of Economic and Social Development, VIII(1), 49–60.
Deogharia, P.C. (2012) Migration from Remote Tribal Villages of Jharkhand: An Evidence from South Chotanagpur. Jharkhand Journal of Development and Management Studies, 10(3).
Deshingkar P., Farrington J. (Eds). (2009). Circular migration and multilocal livelihood strategies in rural India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Dutta, S., Gogoi, A., Saikia, G., & Pegu, P. (2024). Deceived Dreams: Shedding Light On the Silent Voices of Tea Garden Labours’. Migration Letters, 21(S6), 1797–1805.
Horo, Minashree (2017). The contextual factors: A study of the seasonal out-migration area of Ranchi district (Jharkhand). International Journal of Applied Social Science, 4(1-4), 6-17.
Kaur, S., Azad, S., & Gupta, A. (2024). Revealing hidden patterns in Indian migration using network analytics. International Journal of Information Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-023-01703-y
Keshari, K., & Bhagat, R. B. (2012). Temporary and Seasonal Migration: Regional Pattern, Characteristics, and Associated Factors. Economic and Political Weekly, 47(4), 81–88.
Kothari, U. (2003). Staying put and staying poor. Journal of International Development, 15, 645–657. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1022
Kumar, Ashwani & Deogharia, Prakash. (2017). Impact of MGNREGA on rural-urban migration: A case study of Jharkhand. Journal of Economic & Social Development, XIII(2).
Kumar, Saurav & Sati, Vishwambhar & Singh, Ruchi & Roy, Chandan. (2023). Patterns and drivers of internal migration: insights from Jharkhand, India. Geo Journal. 88, 4971-4990. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-023-10895-6
Kurane, A., & Topno, S. (2006). Migration of Tribal Girls of Jharkhand to Mumbai for Domestic Work: A Study of Domestic Working Tribal Girls of Jharkhand in Mumbai. The Oriental Anthropologist, 6(2), 362–375. https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020060209
Louis, Prakash (2000). Marginalisation of Tribals. Economic and Political Weekly, 35(47), 4087–4091.
Ministry of Finance, Government of India, (2017). Economic Survey 2016-17. OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, edition 2, number 9780199477661.
National Sample Survey Organisation. (2010). Migration in India. Report No.533 s(64/10.2/2),2007_2008, National Sample Survey Organisation. New Delhi: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India.
Mosse, D., Gupta, S., Mehta, M., Shah, V., Rees, J., & KRIBP Project Team (2002). Brokered livelihoods: Debt, labor migration and development in tribal western India. Journal of Development Studies, 38(5), 59–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380412331322511
Neetha, N. (2003). Migration, Social Networking and Employment: A Study of Domestic Workers in Delhi. NLI Research Study Series, No 37, V V Giri National Labor Institute, Noida.
Neetha, N. (2004). Making of Female Breadwinners: Migration and Social Networking of Women Domestics in Delhi. Economic and Political Weekly, 39, 1681-1688.
Rajan, S.I., Keshri, K., and Deshingkar, P. (2023). Understanding Temporary Labour Migration Through the Lens of Caste: India Case Study. In: Rajan, S.I. (eds. ), Migration in South Asia. IMISCOE Research Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34194-6_7
Society for Regional Research and Analysis (2010), Migration of Tribal Women: Its Socio-economic Effects - An In-depth Study of Chhatisgarh, Jharkhand, M.P., and Orissa Submitted to: Planning Commission, Government of India Yojana Bhawan, Sansad Marg, New Delhi 110 001
Rao, Nitya, & Mitra, Amit. (2013). Migration, Representations, and Social Relations: Experiences of Jharkhand Labor to Western Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Development Studies. 49. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2013.778399
Rogaly, B., & Rafique, A. (2003). Struggling to save cash: Seasonal migration and vulnerability in West Bengal, India. Development and Change, 34, 659–681. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00323
Shah, A. (2006). The labor of love: Seasonal migration from Jharkhand to the brick kilns of other states in India. Contributions to Indian Sociology, 40(1), 91–118. https://doi.org/10.1177/006996670504000104
Sharma, Kiran. (2018). Urbanisation, Migration and Poverty in Jharkhand: Problems and Prospects, The Tribal Tribune, 5(2).
Singh, V., & Jha, K. N. (2004). Migration of Tribal Women from Jharkhand: The Price of Development. Indian Anthropologist, 34(2), 69–78.
Sucharita, S. (2020). Socio-economic Determinants of Temporary Labor Migration in Western Jharkhand, India. Millennial Asia, 11(2), 226–251. https://doi.org/10.1177/0976399620925451
Sucharita, Sanhita & Rout, Lisma. (2020). Determinants of seasonal migration of Jharkhand: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Public Affairs, 20. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2070
United Nations, (1956), Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, ST/SOA/SER. A/29, Population Studies No. 29, New York.
Wadhawan, N. (2013). Living in Domesti-City: Women and Migration for domestic work from Jharkhand. Economic and Political Weekly, 48(43), 47–54.